Translation of Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in Ming Dynasty

Yuan Chonghuan, a word element, comes from Dongguan. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli, he was a scholar and was awarded the magistrate of Shaowu. He is honest and brave, and likes to talk about the military. When you meet veterans and veterans, talk to them about the frontier fortress and learn about the fortress there so that you can handle border defense affairs.

In the first month of the second year of the Apocalypse, Hou Xun asked for an exception and appointed him, so he was promoted to the Ministry of War. Not long after, Guangning's army was defeated, and the court negotiated to guard Shanhaiguan, and Chonghuan rode alone to patrol Shanhaiguan inside and outside.

I was surprised to lose Master Yuan in the Ministry, and my family didn't know where he had gone. Soon, I returned to the imperial court and gave a detailed account of the closed door. He said, "Give me money and food for my army, and I will be able to hold this place by myself." Court officials praised his talent, so they promoted him to become a monk, supervised the troops inside and outside Shanhaiguan Pass, and allocated 200,000 yuan from the official treasury for him to recruit.

There are hundreds of thousands of refugees in the Ming Tombs, who have been besieged for a long time and can't get out. Sun Chengzong, a college student, visited the frontier defense. Chonghuan asked, "Take 5,000 troops to station troops in Ningyuan, and send fierce generals to save them with the momentum of strengthening thirteen mountains. Ningyuan is 200 miles away from the mountain. If it is convenient, we will invade Jinzhou, otherwise we will retreat to Ningyuan. Why not take 100,000 people to heart? "

Chengzong consulted with Governor Wang Xianggan. Hunan and Jiangxi thought that the closed army was losing morale, and suggested mobilizing 3,000 people who were inserted into the Han protection pass. Chengzong thought it was right and told him in Jin. In the state of Jin, it was impossible to rescue, so the whole army was wiped out, and only 6 thousand people fled back. Chengzong rejected the suggestion of building the city wall and called officials to discuss where to station.

Yan Mingtai advocated against China, while Chonghuan advocated against Ningyuan. In the Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hexing held an objection, and Chengzong finally advocated adopting the proposal of Chonghuan. Soon, Chengzong guarded the gate and relied more on Chonghuan.

Chonghuan has made outstanding achievements in appeasing the military and civilians at home and rectifying the border defense and garrison abroad. Chonghuan once checked the team that falsely reported the quota and immediately killed a school official. Chengzong was angry and said, "Can the prison army kill people without authorization?" Chonghuan kowtowed and pleaded guilty. He dares to enforce the law, just like this.

Chonghuan made peace at first, but the DPRK did not know. The last time I made a report, the emperor issued a superior decree to allow it. Later, he felt that it was not the way, and he frequently issued orders to discourage it. Chonghuan wants to revive the original territory through negotiations and insist on being stronger. When North Korea and Long Wen were attacked by Qing soldiers, the State Councilor said that this was caused by peaceful negotiations.

Long Wen was dead, and only three months later, hundreds of thousands of Qing soldiers entered Longjingguan and Daankou by shunt, while Chonghuan only heard about the accident and went to the rescue thousands of miles away, believing that he was active and innocent. However, Beijingers were suddenly attacked by the enemy and complained bitterly, slandering that Chonghuan condoned the enemy's arrogance.

Some people in the DPRK accused Chong Huan of luring the enemy and threatened to make peace, because he had proposed reconciliation before, and they would sign a Covenant when the enemy entered the city. The emperor listened to a lot and couldn't help wondering. It happened that I made mischief between Qing and Chonghuan, saying that Chonghuan had a secret agreement, so that the captured eunuch could know and let him escape secretly. The man ran back and told the emperor that the emperor believed him without doubt.

/kloc-On the first day of October/February, he was called again, so he was tied up and put in prison. The judicial department convicted Chong Huan of conspiracy to commit treason. In August of three years, Chonghuan Lingchi was executed in downtown area. My brother, wife and children were exiled for three thousand miles and their property was confiscated. Chonghuan has no son and no extra property at home, and everyone feels wronged for him.

The original text of Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in Ming Dynasty:

Yuan Chonghuan, a word element, comes from Dongguan. Forty-seven years of Wanli Jinshi. Awarded to Shaowu County. Generous and timid, good at talking about soldiers. When the old school retires, it is necessary to talk about things, understand the situation in Eritrea, and be self-sufficient next to it.

In the first month of the second year of the Apocalypse, Hou Yi, the admonition officer, asked him to make an exception and appointed him as the minister of war. Nothing, Guangning company collapsed, the court discussed Shanhaiguan, and Chonghuan rode out alone. Losing Master Yuan in the Ministry stunned me, and my family didn't know where to go. Yes, back to Korea, there is something to talk about. He said, "Give Qian Gu to our troops and I will defend this myself." Courtiers praised his talent, so he exceeded his authority, supervised foreign troops, and paid 200 thousand to recruit.

Looking for the order to go to Qiantun to resettle the unemployed Liao people, worshipping Huan and walking among thorns, tigers and leopards at night, and entering the city with four drums, which made the soldiers brave. The Jin Dynasty relied heavily on it, but Bai Huanbo had no foresight in the Jin Dynasty, and he did not obey its orders.

There are more than 100,000 refugees in Thirteen Mountains, who have been stranded for a long time. When Sun Chengzong, a great scholar, passed by, he asked Huan, "Put 5,000 people in Ningyuan to strengthen the Thirteen Mountains, and don't send a junior to save them. If Ningyuan travels 200 miles out of the mountain, it will enter Jinzhou. Otherwise, retreat to Ningyuan. How can you entrust 100 thousand people to ignore it? " Cheng Zongmou Governor Wang Xianggan. Frustrated with the closure of the army, Hunan and Jiangxi decided to send 3000 people to protect the customs.

Chengzong thought so and sued in the state of Jin. When we reached the state of Jin, it was impossible to save them. They all disappeared. Only 6,000 people escaped. And Chengzong refutes the city's proposal, and the general will keep it. Yan Mingtai worships China, Huan and Ning Yuan. In Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hexing insisted on this idea, while Chengzong advocated Huan.

Already, Chengzong Town has benefited from Chonghuan. Chonghuan's kindness to the military and civilians at home and preparation for the outside world have contributed greatly. Chonghuan tasted the virtual power of nuclear power and established a school. General manager cheng said angrily, "can the prison army specialize in killing?" Chonghuan nodded his thanks, which is a habit.

Chonghuan made peace first, but China and North Korea didn't know. When you print a newspaper, you promise it, then think it is not a plan and warn it frequently. Chonghuan wants to use it to repair old Xinjiang and has more power. When North Korea and Long Wen were attacked by soldiers, officials said it was caused by peace talks. After Long Wen's death, just after March, hundreds of thousands of Qing soldiers split their troops into Longjingguan and Daankou.

Chonghuan just heard of the accident and went to the rescue thousands of miles away, claiming that he was innocent. But everyone was suddenly disgusted and vilified by the soldiers, saying that Chonghuan supported the enemy. Because of the previous peace talks, courtiers falsely accused him of leading the enemy to threaten peace, which would be Enemy at the Gates's ally. The emperor is quite familiar with this and can't help wondering. Will I set up a room in the Qing dynasty and say that Chonghuan has a secret agreement and let the eunuchs know it, even if Yin goes?

The man ran to the emperor and the emperor believed him. On the first day of December, he was called again, and he was bound in prison. The Ministry of Justice sat in Chonghuan's rebellion, in August of three years. Therefore, he worships Huan in the city. Brother and wife trekked 3,000 miles home. Chonghuan has no children, and there is nothing at home. The world is wronged. ?

Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in Ming Dynasty is an excerpt from History of Ming Dynasty.

Ming History is the end of the twenty-fourth history, with a total of 332 volumes, including 24 biographies, 75 chronicles, 220 biographies, and table 13. It is a biographical chronology, which records the history of more than 200 years from the first year of Hongwu (A.D. 1368) of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Taizu, to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Zhu Youjian (A.D. 1644).

In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1645), the Ming History Museum was established to compile the Ming history. Because of the founding of the People's Republic of China, everything is complicated and cannot be carried out completely. In the fourth year of Kangxi (AD 1665), the History Museum reopened and was closed due to the compilation of A Record of the Qing Shizu.

In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1679), with Xu as the supervisor, he began to compile the History of Ming Dynasty. Qianlong four years (AD 1739), Zhang finalized and submitted for publication. From the first opening to the final publication, after more than 90 years, it is the longest official history book.

Extended data:

Yuan Chonghuan Chonghuan was born in the 12th year of Wanli (1584) and died in the 3rd year of Chongzhen (1630) at the age of 46.

Yuan Chonghuan was a scholar in the forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19), and later he took up his post in Liaodong border, which was highly valued by Sun Chengzong. In the war against the Qing army (the latter Jin Dynasty), Ningyuan and Ningjin successively won a great victory, but Wei Zhongxian resigned and returned to his hometown because he was unpopular.

After Zhu Youjian ascended the throne, Yuan Chonghuan was reopened. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Huang taiji was repelled. After the siege of the capital was lifted, the remnants of Wei Zhongxian impeached Yuan Chonghuan on charges of "killing the commander of the island (Mao)", "making peace with the Qing court" and "being enemies with Chengmi", and Huang Taiji took the opportunity to carry out a double spy.

In August of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Yuan Chonghuan was executed by Zhu Youjian because he thought he had a secret agreement with the late Jin. His family was exiled for three thousand miles and his property was confiscated, but in fact there was not a dime left.

Although Yuan Chonghuan is a famous anti-Qing fighter, he is also a controversial figure. One is a collection of Yuan's posthumous works, and the other is a collection of Yuan Chonghuan.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yuan Chonghuan