Dendrobium huoshanense

Dendrobium huoshanense, commonly known as Mi Hu, belongs to Dendrobium of Orchidaceae. The stem is erect, fleshy, unbranched, with 3-7 nodes, yellow-green, sometimes with purple spots, and yellowish after drying. Leaves leathery, 2-3 alternate in the upper part of the stem, oblique, tongue-oblong. The raceme is 1-3, which emanates from the upper part of the fallen old stem and has 1-2 flowers; Flowers yellow-green, developing; Petals ovoid oblong

Dendrobium huoshanense, commonly known as Mi Hu, belongs to Dendrobium of Orchidaceae. The stem is erect, fleshy, unbranched, with 3-7 nodes, yellow-green, sometimes with purple spots, and yellowish after drying. Leaves leathery, 2-3 alternate in the upper part of the stem, oblique, tongue-oblong. The raceme is 1-3, which emanates from the upper part of the fallen old stem and has 1-2 flowers; Flowers yellow-green, developing; Petals ovoid-oblong, apex obtuse, with 5 veins; Lips are nearly rhombic, about the same length and width. Flowers bloom in May.

Chinese national geography logo products. Mainly produced in Huoshan County, Anhui Province, Dabie Mountain area, mostly growing in the crevices of rime cliffs and towering ancient trees, and born on tree trunks and valley rocks in mountain forests. Dendrobium huoshanense can greatly improve the level of SOD (the main substance for delaying aging) in human body, which is very suitable for people who often stay up late, use their brains, drink too much tobacco and alcohol, and are weak. Dendrobium huoshanense has the effects of improving eyesight, harmonizing yin and yang, strengthening yang and tonifying kidney, and caring skin, thus achieving the effect of health care and longevity.

Botanical history

Dendrobium huoshanense, commonly known as Mi Hu, is a kind of Dendrobium huoshanense, which was first recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica by Zhao Xuemin in Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 200 years. It is recorded in the book: "Dendrobium huoshanense comes out of the Jianghuai Huoshan Mountain and looks like Dendrobium huoshanense, which is yellow but not straight. If there is a dance, the local people will drink tea instead. Dendrobium huoshanense is chewy, sticky, sweet and salty, and its shape shrinks to be true. " Xirao Nian's experience is quoted in the book: "Dendrobium huoshanense is also used for longevity pills." The book also quoted his brother Zhao's "Hundred Herbs Mirror" as saying: "Recently, there is a kind of Dendrobium, which is as short as an inch, as thin as a wick, with a bluish yellow color and a sweet and slightly slippery entrance. This is the best ... "

Professor Bao Xuesheng, a member of the China Pharmacopoeia Committee and a Dendrobium expert, said in the preface of the book "The Best of Cao Xian in China-Dendrobium huoshanense": "If there is Cao Xian in the world, it should be Dendrobium huoshanense."

Taoist classic Daozang once listed Dendrobium huoshanense, Saussurea involucrata, Panax ginseng and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. In 120 years, Ganoderma lucidum in the deep mountain, pearl on the bottom of the sea and Cordyceps sinensis were the "Nine Immortals" in China, and Dendrobium huoshanense ranked first. Dendrobium huoshanense, also known as Pteridium aquilinum faucet and Huangcao. Mainly produced in Huoshan Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Anhui Province, it grows on the cliffs of alpine rivers, grasps the natural aura of mountains and rivers, and breeds valuable Swiss grass. Tea is often replaced by tea.

Dendrobium huoshanense has always been expensive to the royal family in history. In order to live forever, emperors of all dynasties used Dendrobium huoshanense to refine longevity pills. It has also become a health care product that nouveau riche rushed to buy at the place of origin. Dendrobium huoshanense is known as "the first of the nine immortals in China" in history, and "life-saving fairy" is known as "the best among Chinese immortals" and "healthy soft gold" in modern times. The beverage processed with Dendrobium huoshanense is called "the king of abundant beans".

morphological character

The stem of Dendrobium huoshanense is erect, fleshy, 3-9 cm long, tapering gradually from the top of the base, 3- 18 mm thick above the base, unbranched, with 3-7 nodes, 3-8 mm long in internodes, yellow-green, sometimes with purple spots, and yellowish after drying. The leaves are leathery, with 2-3 alternate leaves on the upper part of the stem, oblique, tongue-shaped oblong, 9-2 1 cm long and 5-7 mm wide, with a dull and slightly concave top and a sheath supporting the stem at the base; Leaf sheaths membranous, persistent.

The raceme is 1-3, which emanates from the upper part of the fallen old stem and has 1-2 flowers; Peduncle 2-3 mm long, base covered with 1-2 sheath; Sheath papery, ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, apex acute; Bracts are pale white, maroon, ovoid, 3-4 mm long, with sharp tips; Pedicels and ovaries pale yellow-green, 2-2.7 cm long; Flowers yellow-green, developing; The middle sepal is ovate-lanceolate, long 12- 14 mm, wide 4-5 mm, blunt at the top, with 5 veins; Lateral sepals falcate-lanceolate, length 12- 14 mm, width 5-7 mm, blunt tip and oblique base; Calyx capsule is nearly rectangular, 5-7 mm long, and the end is nearly round.

Petals are ovoid and oblong, usually 12- 15 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, with blunt apex and 5 veins; The labellum is nearly rhombic, with equal length and width, 1- 1.5cm, with a wedge-shaped base with 1 corpus callosum, slightly 3-lobed upper part, with short hairs between lobes on both sides and white hairs near the base; The middle leaf is a semi-circular triangle, the top is nearly blunt, the base is densely covered with white hair, and there are 1 yellow transverse oval patches; Pistil light green, about 4 mm long, pistil foot 7 mm long; The base of pistil foot is yellow, with dense white hairs on both sides, and occasionally dentate processes; The cap is green and white, hemispherical, 1.5 mm long and slightly concave at the top. Flowers bloom in May.

Country of origin

Born on tree trunks and valley rocks in mountain forests. China, southwest Henan (Nanzhao), southwest Anhui (Huoshan). The model specimens were collected from Huoshan, Anhui Province.

Distinction of related species

Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium tenuifolium are closely related species, and the difference between them is that their stems are short, swell above the base, and then gradually taper upward, and the lobes in the lips are semicircular and triangular, which is easy to distinguish.

Growth habit

Dendrobium huoshanense is an undeveloped aerial orchid with extremely harsh growth conditions. The altitude within the protection range is 300 to 900 meters, and the environment is cool, humid and ventilated. Mostly born in rivers and valleys, often attached to plants such as moss and reeds. I like a cool, humid, ventilated and foggy microclimate. It began to grow at 65438 04℃, the optimum temperature was 20-26℃, and the air humidity was above 80%. If the temperature is above 30℃ and the relative humidity is below 20%, the veins will turn yellow, the leaves will droop and the stems will wither. If there is too much water seepage in the cliff joint, it is easy to rot and die.

breeding method

1. Tissue culture of seeds: fruits harvested from healthy plants are cultured in tissues.

2. Propagation by ramets: Propagation by ramets from mother plants that have grown for more than 3 years.

cultivation techniques

1. Substrate: the cultivation substrate is granite gneiss, the thickness of the stone layer is more than 20 cm, the rock is slightly acidic, and the pH value is between 5.0 and 6.5. The planting density of tissue culture seedlings should not exceed 1000 plants/m2; The ramet planting density shall not exceed 500 plants /m2.

2. Watering: After planting Dendrobium huoshanense, it must be watered thoroughly for the first time and watered again the next day, so that the bark can fully absorb water, and the surface is dry at ordinary times. It is convenient to spray the basin surface with a sprayer, such as installing sprinkler irrigation. When the surface of the planting material is dry, it can be sprayed. In the hot and dry season, water is often sprayed on leaves and the ground to increase air humidity. If too much water is pumped, plants will rot and die easily. In case of dry weather, timely irrigation.

3. Fertilizer: Dendrobium huoshanense is divided into organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, with organic fertilizer as the main base fertilizer and page fertilizer sprayed during the growth period. Organic fertilizers mainly include silkworm excrement, sheep manure and cake fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers include controlled release fertilizers and water fertilizers (containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc.). ). Water solution fertilizer was applied before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, and then sprayed every 10 day until August. Controlled-release fertilizer was applied 1 time in early April and June, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed 1 time every1day after beginning of autumn, and sprayed 3-5 times.

4. Temperature: Dendrobium huoshanense began to grow at 65438 04℃; The air temperature is 20℃ to 28℃, and the air humidity is above 70%, which is most suitable for growth. When the temperature is above 32℃ and the relative temperature is below 20%, some veins turn yellow and leaves droop.

5. Shading: Dendrobium huoshanense is suitable for growing in semi-cloudy and semi-sunny places, especially afraid of exposure. In summer and autumn, two layers of 90% shading net are needed for shading, and one layer of shading net is used in other seasons.

6. Anti-freezing: Artificial Dendrobium huoshanense needs anti-freezing in winter in Jianghuai area, especially the test-tube seedlings planted that year. In addition to building a greenhouse to prevent freezing, a layer of soil canvas should be covered on the seedbed, which is usually covered from mid-June to late February of the following year. In winter, the seedlings should not be too wet to avoid freezing the roots.

7. Pest control: There are not many kinds of pests and diseases that harm Dendrobium huoshanense, mainly black spot and anthracnose. , prevention first. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl was sprayed 800 times, 2 ~ 3 times in total. The main pest is snail, which will appear in March-June 165438+ 10 and eat the tender stems and leaves of Dendrobium. The control method is to sprinkle 5% granular metaformaldehyde once per mu 1 kg.

8. Harvest: after the domesticated seedlings are planted for two years, they are harvested in spring (that is, from winter to Qingming) before germination, and the plants are harvested from September to 65438+February every year in the third year. However, the quality of full-grown stems and branches harvested for more than two years from June 5438+00 to February 12 is the best. The picking standard is to remove the old and keep the new, with the same shape, size and color, and process the fresh stems after harvesting. When harvesting, the diseased plants with dead stems are removed, leaving young seedlings to continue to grow and reproduce, thus ensuring continuous harvesting. If the domesticated seedlings are planted normally, the full cost can be recovered by pruning the stems and branches in the second year after cultivation, and there is a slight surplus (calculated according to the market price in recent years).

9. Processing: fresh stem picking → rough fire → shaping → full fire → flattening → reheating. All processing must be done by hand.

① Appearance characteristics: The maple bucket is dark gold, spirally curled, with a length of less than 4cm and a diameter of less than 0.4cm.

② Physical and chemical indexes: the water content is not more than 65438 03%, the polysaccharide content is not less than 6.8%, and the total alkaloid content is not less than 0.025%.

Medicinal value

Dendrobium huoshanense, also known as Mi Hu, is the best of Dendrobium and a valuable medicinal material in China. Its dry stems (fire phoenix beans) and fresh Dendrobium can be used as medicine.

Compendium of Materia Medica records: Dendrobium Ganping is nontoxic. Indications: Treating injuries can remove arthralgia, reduce qi, tonify five internal organs, nourish yin and replenish essence, make stomach thick for a long time, tonify internal deficiency, calm stomach qi, promote granulation, remove skin heat, and make knees weak and knees weak due to wind-cold arthralgia. Determined to eliminate shock, improve intelligence and prolong life, benefit qi and remove heat, treat men's waist and feet weakness and strengthen yang. Dispelling wind and dampness, treating chronic cold in bones, tonifying kidney and strengthening tendons, strengthening bones and muscles, warming water and dirty water, improving intelligence and clearing qi, and treating fever, spontaneous sweating, carbuncle, swelling and pus discharge.

Dendrobium is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids and more than ten alkaloids such as dendrobine and dendrobine. Appraised by Institute of Medicinal Plants of China Academy of Medical Sciences, the content of polysaccharide is 18.974%, and the content of total alkaloids is 0.030%. It can effectively improve the immune function of the body and is beneficial to the eyes, pharynx and lungs of the human body. It has special curative effect on stomach, intestine, kidney and other organs and diseases such as blood and cardiovascular diseases. Can resist cataract, delay senility, mutation and tumor.

Usage: In addition to taking the medicine according to the doctor's advice, you can also take 1-2 grams of dry product and put it in a thermos cup to brew with boiling water, which can be drunk for one week. Can be compatible with American ginseng, and can enhance the anti-cancer ability of patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prevent and treat diabetes.

Edible method

1, Dendrobium rice porridge

Raw materials: fresh Dendrobium, water, japonica rice and rock sugar.

Methods: Take fresh Dendrobium 30g each time, add 200ml of water, decoct for a long time to get juice of about 100ml (because Dendrobium is the most resistant to frying, which can be effective), remove residues, take 50g of japonica rice, add appropriate amount of crystal sugar, put it into a casserole, add about 400ml of water, and cook until the rice is thick and porridge stops. Twice a day, with light meals.

Dendrobium candidum is the stem of Dendrobium nobile, a perennial evergreen herb in Orchidaceae. Dendrobium porridge is a proven recipe, which is made from Dendrobium and japonica rice by boiling with water. Has the effects of nourishing stomach, promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing away heat.

Adapt to the symptoms of fever, physical injury, upset and thirsty; After illness, the body fluid is insufficient, and the deficiency heat does not retreat; Stomach deficiency and dull pain, accompanied by vomiting, pale tongue and little coating.

2. Stewed pork lean soup with Dendrobium.

Ingredients: 25g of Dendrobium huoshanense, 30g of Hedyotis diffusa, 500g of lean pork and 3 slices of ginger.

Soak the cooked Dendrobium slightly; Wash the grass repeatedly; Wash lean meat and cut it into whole pieces without a knife. Put it in a stew with ginger, add 1500ml of cold boiled water (about 6 bowls of water), cover the stew, simmer for 3 hours, and add appropriate amount of salt and oil. This amount can be used by 3-4 people, and lean pork can be sliced and mixed with soy sauce for meals.

Step 3 stew Dendrobium snail

Stewed Dendrobium snail with vegetable name

The main ingredients are green snail (Oncomelania hupensis) 1500g, pork loin 9g and Dendrobium nobile 6g.

The ingredient is a little salt.

working methods

① The green snail spits mud, washes it, scalds it with boiling water, and picks it up. Filter the soup and keep it.

② Pick out the snail meat, wash it with light salt water, drain the water and put it in a stew. Cut pork tenderloin into pieces and boil water to remove blood.

(3) Put the snail juice and Dendrobium candidum into a small pot and cook for about 20 minutes, then remove the residue and filter out the medicinal juice for later use.

(4) Pour the medicinal juice into the stew pot, then put the pork loin on the snail noodles in the stew pot, stew for about 1 hour, and add salt to serve.

It is characterized by freshness and sweetness.

4. American ginseng Dendrobium tea

The raw materials are 5 grams of American ginseng and 3 grams of Dendrobium.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, sorting, cleaning, drying in the sun or oven, cutting into pieces, and putting into a larger container for later use. Remove impurities from Dendrobium, clean, air-dry, cut into pieces, put in a casserole, add enough water, boil with strong fire, simmer for 30 minutes, filter with clean gauze, remove residues, collect filtrate, put it in a container with American ginseng blocks, and cover it with 15 minutes to drink. (Or, American ginseng and Dendrobium candidum are ground into fine powder, and boiled water is used instead of tea, 3-5g each time, 1-2 times a day. )

When you have tea, you can divide it into the afternoon, drink it frequently, take it instead of tea, and finish it the same day.

Logo product

According to the Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indications Products, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized a review of the application for the protection of geographical indication products of Dendrobium huoshanense. After passing the examination, it has been approved to protect the geographical indication products of Dendrobium huoshanense since September 3, 2007.

Use of Special Marks: Producers within the protection scope of geographical indication products of Dendrobium huoshanense can apply to the Huoshan County Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Anhui Province for the use of "Special Marks for Geographical Indications Products", which will be approved by the AQSIQ.