What influence does the geographical environment of North Africa have on its culture?

The culture of North Africa is religious in many aspects, but it is also closely related to the local natural environment in many aspects. Let's look at the cultural characteristics of several major countries.

Ancient Egyptian culture

Ancient Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. It has had a far-reaching and extensive impact on the world. When it comes to the culture of ancient Egypt, people will first think of the pyramids standing by the Nile, papyrus rich in the Nile, ancient ships sailing on the Nile and mysterious mummies. They marked the height of science and technology in ancient Egypt, and also recorded and carried forward the development of civilization for thousands of years.

For perennial irrigation, 1970 built the Aswan Dam, and 1959 to 1970 built the world-famous Aswan High Dam. Aswan Dam controls the annual flood of the Nile, protects residents and crops, and provides a lot of electricity.

Papyrus is a reed-like plant, which is abundant in the Nile Delta. The stem is triangular, about five meters high and six to eight centimeters in diameter near the root. When in use, the papyrus is peeled off, cut into long strips along the growth direction with a knife, placed horizontally and vertically, and struck with a mallet to make the juice of the papyrus ooze. After drying, these strips are permanently glued together, and finally polished with pumice, which can be used. It became the most advanced writing carrier at that time-papyrus, which was earlier than China and Cai Lun 1000 years ago, and became an important document for later scholars to study ancient Egyptian civilization.

An ancient ship unearthed in Egypt about 4700 BC, nearly 50 meters long and fully equipped, shows the original navigation technology and scale. Lighter boats are made of reeds. The reed boat imitated by modern people proves that this kind of boat can cross the Atlantic Ocean.

The Nile also gave the local people unparalleled artistic imagination. What a rough and magnificent temple is located in the arid land of East Africa, in stark contrast to the winding Nile next to it. Many works of art in ancient Egypt are both masculine and feminine.

Tunisia, the Land of Olives

Tunisia, whose full name is Tunisia, Tunisia Republic, is located at the northern end of Africa, with a land area of164,200 square kilometers. Tunisia

China has a population of more than 7 million, of which Arabs account for about 98% of the total population. The official language of Tunisia is Arabic, and some citizens are also proficient in French. Therefore, in Tunisia, you can trade in Arabic or French. Because of its geographical proximity to Europe, it has become the center of international conferences. Punjab Peninsula in Tunisia is called "the Horn of North Africa".

Tunisia people like scarlet, green and white, like camels and sheep, and avoid dogs, cats, pigs and other animals. Tunisia's national flower is "Olive", and Tunisia is a country rich in olives, so it is also called "Olive Country". The olive tree is called the national treasure of Tunisia and regarded as a precious thing by the people of Tunisia. Tunisia is the second largest exporter of olive oil and the fourth largest producer of phosphate in the world.

Islam has a great influence on the living habits and customs of Tunisia people. Most women in Tunisia live in seclusion and have the custom of veiling their faces. Muslims worship at noon, afternoon, dusk and evening every day. Every Friday afternoon, believers will hold a collective Sanma worship in the mosque. 65438+ 10, July, 165438+ 10, and 65438+February are regarded as "god-carrying months", and all intense activities are prohibited in these four months. Tunisia is the only Islamic country in the world that allows women to file divorce proceedings. The best time to go to Tunisia is 65438 10 to May of the following year. Two weeks before and after Christmas and a few days before and after Easter are not suitable. At the same time, Tunisia has more vacation time in July and August every year. On the annual Islamic and Christian Day and Ramadan, business activities are very light.

Tunisia people are very hospitable, and often entertain guests with barbecues, dates and traditional ethnic dishes "Koskoskos". When entertaining important foreign guests, the host often serves one or several roast whole sheep. Dates are very precious food in Tunisia. People in Tunisia have the habit of chatting while eating. They are used to washing their hands after meals, and then chatting while drinking tea. According to Islamic rules, people in Tunisia avoid eating pork and drinking at the same time.

Tunisia people attach great importance to commercial social customs. When you go to Tunisia in winter, you should wear a conservative suit or formal suit. You must make an appointment to visit government agencies or large companies. It is better to have business cards in Arabic, French and English. Most businessmen in Tunisia can speak French and Italian. Most business reception activities are held in hotels, but Tunisia people sometimes invite you to his home for dinner. Businessmen in Tunisia are westernized, which is quite different from those in other Islamic countries around them. With the changes of the times, great changes have taken place in the dress of Tunisia people. Nowadays, most young people wear suits, and it is also common for modern women to wear strange clothes in Tunisia.

Bedouin

Bedouins are nomadic people and are famous for their expertise in raising camels. They still use a special shampoo-camel urine. Camel urine is famous for its foul smell. Why do Bedouins wash their hair with it despite the stench? What's more, far more women than men keep this habit. I heard an Egyptian friend say that the desert climate is bad and there is a serious water shortage. It is common practice not to wash your hair for dozens of days. Most Bedouins have white lice in their hair, and camel urine has excellent lice killing function, so it was chosen as "shampoo" by them. But reporters dare not try this method of "fighting poison with poison". It is said that hair washed with camel urine can be seen, and washing your face with it can make your skin smoother, so many women persist in this tradition regardless of the "side effects". This "beauty method" originated in ancient Egypt once spread all over North Africa and Arabia, and the famous Cleopatra used lion urine to wash her hair. But now this strange custom can only be seen in North Africa.

North Africa

North Africa, the northern part of the African continent, is traditionally a vast area north of the Sahara Desert. It covers an area of 8.37 million square kilometers. Population10.50 billion (199 1 year), more than 70% are Arabs. Arab culture and Islam are important human characteristics in North Africa.

North Africa includes Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Sudan. Egypt, Libya and Sudan are also called Northeast Africa; Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco are called Northwest Africa.

Mineral resources include oil, phosphate and natural gas. Agricultural products include cotton, gum Arabic, cork, olives, figs, dates and so on. Produce camels.

The natural and cultural characteristics of North Africa are highly similar to those of West Asia. For the convenience of research, people sometimes put it together with West Asia and call it the Arab world. The main language used by people is Arabic, the nation is also an Arab nation, and the religion is Islam. So many places are usually called the Arab world, people are called Arabs, and countries are called Arab countries.

This area is controlled by the subtropical high belt all the year round, and the dry-hot downward flow prevails, while the African continent is narrow in the south and wide in the north, controlled by the subtropical high belt, and the dry-hot area is wide. Its performance is as follows:

1. North Africa is close to the Asian continent, and the northeast trade wind blows from the eastern land, making it difficult to form precipitation and making North Africa drier;

2. The coastline of North Africa is straight, and there is an Ethiopian plateau in the east, which blocks the humid airflow and makes the vast inland areas unaffected by the ocean;

3. There is a canary cold current passing through the west coast of North Africa to reduce the temperature and humidity in the western coastal areas and make the desert approach the west coast;

4. North Africa has a single terrain, flat terrain, little ups and downs and a single climate, forming a large desert area;

5. The Mediterranean coastal area has a typical Mediterranean climate. Its formation is directly related to the north-south movement of the subtropical high belt.

Due to the limitation of natural conditions, the economic level of most countries in North Africa is low. The representative country with relatively good economy is Egypt. Because of the high economic level, the population is the highest in North Africa. Cairo has also become the largest city in the region. The main economic pillars in this area are the primary industries such as agriculture and mining.

The geographical position of North Africa is just the opposite of sub-Saharan Africa. North Africa, the northern part of the African continent, is traditionally a vast area north of the Sudan savanna, extending northward to the Mediterranean coast.

Mainly including the following countries and regions:

Algeria

Egypt

Libya

Tunisia

Western Sahara

Morocco (including Ceuta, a seaport city in northern Morocco; Melilla Melilla, a port city in northeast Morocco, has been occupied by Spain since 1497. )

Canary Islands (Spain)

Azores (Portugal)

location

The geographical location of North Africa is very important. It faces Europe across the Mediterranean Sea in the north, southern Africa in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Red Sea in the east. There is the Strait of Gibraltar in the northwest, which guards the passage between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Suez Canal in the northeast guards the Mediterranean and Red Sea passages, so it unites to guard the strategic passages of the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is also an important transit point for land transportation between Asia and Europe and Africa, and its strategic position is extremely important.

Supplement: See.

North Africa _ Baidu encyclopedia

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