Experimental principle of sky tornado

The water on the ground absorbs heat and turns into steam, which rises to the upper layer of the steam layer in the sky. Due to the low temperature of the upper steam layer, the steam volume decreases, the specific gravity increases and the steam decreases. Because the temperature below the steam layer is high, it absorbs heat, rises again when it is cold, then falls, and so on, gas molecules gradually contract, and finally concentrate at the bottom of the steam layer, forming a low-temperature zone at the bottom, and steam concentrates to the low-temperature zone to form clouds. The cloud is getting bigger and bigger, the temperature difference between the upper and lower clouds in the cloud is getting smaller and smaller, the fluctuation range of water vapor molecules is getting bigger and bigger, and the convection between the upper and lower clouds is getting stronger and stronger. The water vapor rising under the cloud rises in a straight line, and the water vapor molecules shrink smaller and smaller after cooling, showing a funnel shape. The cooling volume of rising water vapor molecules is shrinking, and the gas molecules under the cloud are constantly replenishing the space, resulting in strong winds. Because the cooling volume of water vapor is shrinking, the gas in the surrounding supply space comes unevenly, forming a tornado.

Basic features:

Tornado is the strongest vortex phenomenon in the atmosphere, which often occurs in thunderstorm weather in summer, especially in the afternoon and evening. Although the scope of influence is small, it is extremely destructive. Tornadoes often pull up trees, overturn vehicles and destroy buildings where they pass. It often destroys crops and tens of thousands of fruit trees in an instant, disrupts traffic, collapses houses and loses human and animal lives. The horizontal range of tornadoes is very small, ranging from several meters to several hundred meters in diameter, with an average of about 250 meters and a maximum of about 1 km. The diameter in the air can be several kilometers, and the maximum is 10 kilometers. The maximum wind speed can reach 150 km to 450 km per hour, and the tornado usually lasts only a few minutes, but the longest is only a few minutes.

Preventive measures:

1, the safest place is the concrete basement. Tornadoes have the characteristics of jumping forward, often landing for a while and flying for a while. It has also been found that after the tornado, a narrow destruction zone will be left, and the objects next to the destruction zone are safe even if they are close at hand. Therefore, when encountering a tornado, people should keep calm, actively try to avoid it, and never panic. You know, the basement of concrete building is the safest place. People should be as low as possible, especially don't stay on buildings. In addition, relatively speaking, small houses and secret rooms are safer than large rooms.

2. Look for low-lying areas perpendicular to the tornado path to hide. It is very dangerous if someone happens to meet a tornado while driving in the wild. Because tornadoes can not only suck up cars and people along the way, but also cause a huge pressure difference between inside and outside the car, causing an explosion, so people in the car should abandon their cars and run to nearby shelters. If it is too late to escape, we should take the initiative to find a low-lying area (such as a ditch) perpendicular to the tornado path to hide. Tornadoes always "go straight", just like sprinters, it is difficult to turn sharply.

3. Run into the house near the big tree to hide. People only saw trees uprooted or broken by tornadoes, but they didn't find them "thrown" into the distance. This is probably because trees have a certain windproof effect. 1On June 27th, 1985, a tree with a diameter of more than 1m and a height of more than 10m was uprooted by a tornado, and two other trees nearby were blown off. The house 3 meters away from the tree was not damaged in autumn, but six new brick houses 30 meters away from her home were destroyed because there were no trees nearby. It can be seen that planting more trees in front of and behind the house can resist the attack of tornado.

Precautions for emergency prevention:

1. At home, be sure to stay away from doors, windows and external walls of houses and hide in the wall or small room opposite the tornado. The safest place to avoid a tornado is the basement or semi-basement.

2. In case of pole falling and house collapse, cut off the power supply in time to prevent electric shock or fire.

3. When there is a tornado outside the venue, you should look for low-lying land nearby, but stay away from trees and telephone poles to avoid being smashed, crushed and electrocuted.

4. When the car encounters a tornado when going out, don't drive to avoid it, and don't avoid it in the car, because the car has almost no defense against tornadoes, so leave the car immediately and take shelter in low-lying areas.