Sentences describing camels

In our study, work and life, we must have seen many classic sentences. From the perspective of syntax, a sentence is the largest grammatical unit. So what kind of sentence is a good sentence? The following sentences are carefully arranged by me to describe camels, for reference only. Welcome to reading.

1. Camels in Yifeng Mountain move slowly in the lonely smoke of the desert, like boats sailing in the sea, braving the wind and waves. Camels have double eyelashes. When the wind blows into Shi 'an, the double eyelashes are like guards, blocking the sand from blowing into the eyes.

This camel looks about 3 meters high and 4 meters long. Its neck is very long, and when it stretches upward, its mouth will be higher than the high barbed wire; Reach down and your mouth will touch the ground. Its four legs are very thin and long, supporting its bony body high, which looks really pitiful.

The camel is so tall, with golden hair and two humps, and it seems to be eating in its mouth.

The camel's neck is long, wide and slightly bent. Its head is like a sheep, its ears are short and round, and its upper lip is split like a rabbit.

Camel is very tall, with two humps on its back, flat hoofs and a meat pad at the bottom. They are suitable for walking in the desert, have a high degree of hunger and thirst tolerance, have a keen sense of smell and can smell water. They are the main animal power in desert areas and are known as "ships in the desert".

6. In the depths of the desert, camels witnessed the growth of dead bones and buds of Populus euphratica, and witnessed that the glory of the past ceased to exist under the ravages of yellow sand. Tread in the land of ignorance and pursue every inch of bones and skin in the desert.

7. I went to the camel and felt its soft fur. It is not only not afraid of me, but also keeps looking at me with its big eyes. I liked it at once.

8. From a distance, I saw the camel with a brown and slightly golden hair, and the most conspicuous ones were the two huge humps. These two humps are like two golden mountains. Because of these two humps, the camel looks stronger.

9. The little camel is cute, with furry hair, furry tail and a small bell hanging around its neck.

10, camel's hair is very long, its color is brown, and its tail is dark brown like an elephant's tail.

1 1. A camel can live in a desert or a hot, dry place. It can go without food or water for several days. Because there is water in its two high humps, it can be like this.

12, it has brown fur, two tall humps like two small rockeries, a big mouth, two big nostrils, like two dark caves and a pair of modest eyes. And a short tail. This is a camel.

13. Camels often eat and drink in places with abundant water and grass, and convert some nutrients into fat and store them in the hump; When food is scarce, it uses the nutrition in the hump to maintain life.

14. Camels are mammals. Camel is very tall, about two meters above, with a hump on its back. Its neck is very long, which enables it to see far. Most of the camel's fur is brown. Although its body is very tall, its tail is not too long.

15. This is a beautiful camel. It has charming big eyes and a big nose, which is exactly what all excellent camels should have.

Expand one's knowledge

History of zoology

Camels evolved from protoliths of Cenozoic Eocene in North America (about 55 million years ago). This genus has two species, bactrian camel and dromedary camel, which are called camels and llamas, and belong to ruminants. Camels living in China are mainly bactrian camels, which are distributed in cold desert areas of Asia, mostly in China and Mongolia. Bactrian camels in China are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and the northern regions of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei.

Living in North America/kloc-0.0 million years ago, the distant ancestors of camels crossed the Bering Strait to reach Asia and Africa, and evolved into bactrian camels and human domesticated dromedaries. The dromedary camel has been domesticated in central or southern Arabia for thousands of years. Around 2000 BC, the dromedary camel gradually lived in the Sahara desert, but disappeared in the Sahara desert again about 900 years ago. Most of them were hunted by humans. Later, when Egypt invaded Persia, Cambyses Ⅱ introduced the domesticated dromedary into Persia. Domesticated dromedaries were widely used in North Africa. Until later, the Roman Empire still used camel teams to patrol the desert edge with soldiers. But Persian camels are not suitable for crossing the Sahara desert. In the 4th century, stronger and more durable bactrian camels were first introduced to Africa. More and more people begin to use them, because this kind of camel is more suitable for long-distance travel across the desert and can carry more and heavier goods. At this time, the trans-Saharan trade was finally carried out.

morphological character

Small head, thick and long neck, bent like a goose neck. Tall, with brown hair. The eyes are double eyelids, the nostrils can be opened and closed, the limbs are slender, the hooves are as big as disks, and the toes and soles have thick skin, which are all suitable for walking on the sand. The tail is slender and has tufts of hair at the end. There are 1 ~ 2 large humps on the back, in which fat is stored. Camels have thick hair, and the desert is very cold in winter. Camel fur is very good for keeping warm. Camel's thick hair can reflect sunlight. A shaved camel will sweat 50% more to avoid overheating. Fur also helps camels insulate themselves from heat. Their long legs also keep them away from the hot ground. There are two kinds of camels: one with 1 hump is called dromedary; There are two humps, called bactrian camels, which are about 3 meters long and more than 2 meters tall, and the distance between the front and rear peaks is about 0.5 meters. The villi are well developed and have long hair under the neck. The upper lip is split, which is convenient for feeding.

two-humped camel

The head length is 32 ~ 3.5 meters; Shoulder height1.6 ~1.8m; Weighing 450 ~ 680 kg. A huge hoofed animal with two humps on its back. The head is small, the neck is long and curved upward, the body color is golden yellow to dark brown, and the thigh (thigh) is the deepest. In winter, there are tufts of hair on the neck and hump, and there are two rows of eyelashes and inner hair to resist dust, while the slit nostrils can be closed when sandstorms occur. Wild bactrian camels are smaller and lighter than domestic bactrian camels. Its hump is obviously smaller, nearly conical, and its fur is thinner.

one-humped camel

A dromedary camel is generally 2.2 ~ 3.4m long and 1.8 ~ 2. 1m high (slightly higher than a bactrian camel, but lighter than a bactrian camel because of its longer legs) and weighs 450 ~ 600kg. There is only one fat peak on the back and waist, which is light and short, with less hair and thin skin, slender neck, slender limbs and large hoof flaps. The bridge of the nose is slightly concave, the forehead is raised, and there is no long hair on the forehead. The mane only grows to the middle of the upper edge of the neck. Hair is only 1/3 of the lower edge of the neck. Different from the bactrian camel, there are no long and dense elbow hairs on the upper arm and forearm of the forelimb, but curly hairs with the length of 10 ~ 15 cm are densely distributed from the swollen end of the scapula.

Living habits

Roughage tolerance

Camels have sharp mouths and teeth, and their necks are tall and long. They can eat short grass and shrubs 3-5 cm long downward, and even trees 2-3 meters high upward. Camel's oral structure is quite special, with thick short hairs growing on the corners of the mouth and the outer edges of the upper and lower lips. The upper tooth pad is hard, with long and sharp keratinized papillae at two corners, serrated tooth edge protrusion, wide tooth surface and high molar crown. The lower jaw is flexible and can drive the lower jaw to move left and right for grinding feed (see Figure 3). Camel's upper lip is very sensitive and can pick and eat short plants; There is particularly hard tissue around the mouth, which will not be punctured by thorny plants when eating; The oral mucosa has thick squamous tissue and a mastoid with a length of 1 ~ 2 cm. Camel's salivary glands are developed, and its saliva is thick, which can resist the stabbing of barbed food. For example, you can eat yellow thorn, Artemisia capillaris, Nitraria tangutorum, Haloxylon ammodendron and camel thorn. You can also eat stinging plants, such as nettles. These are also due to the thick squamous tissue and nipple 1 ~ 2 cm long in camel's oral mucosa to resist the stabbing of barbed food.

Hunger tolerance

There are few plants and forage resources in desert areas, but camels still survive tenaciously. They have strong hunger tolerance and adapt to the environment. Even if they are short of grass and feed for a few days and nights, they can still move and even go out for a service. Camels eat a lot in summer and autumn when aquatic plants are abundant, and their daily intake can reach 32. 1 ~ 33.6 kg, which is converted into fat and stored in hump and abdominal cavity. When there is no grass in winter and spring, the fat stored in the hump and abdominal cavity becomes energy to support physical activities. At the same time, camels reduce their metabolism by being quiet.

Thirst tolerance

The condition for animals to adapt to the desert is that they can eat plants (such as cactus) containing a lot of water and migrate near the water source; Can make full use of metabolic water; Excretion concentrated urine and almost dry feces to reduce water consumption; Have a good thermoregulation mechanism to control body temperature; In the high temperature period, it has the habit of reducing activity and reducing water evaporation by using shade. Camels have this adaptability. Camels have weak water storage capacity, but they have the strongest ability to reabsorb water in their bodies. Its nasal cavity is very large, and the turbinate bone is in a spiral shape, so it greatly increases the area of nasal mucosa, which can cool the water vapor in the exhaled gas in the nasal passage and restore it when breathing. This anatomical structure is very water saving.

heat resistance

The temperature in the desert is changeable, with high temperature and cold, and the desert absorbs heat, which can make the ground temperature reach about 70℃ at noon in summer. Camels, as "boats in the desert", still walk in the heat, showing super heat resistance.

Body shape: The heat resistance of camel depends not only on the surface area of skin, but also on the powerful sweat gland function of camel skin.

Legs and feet: the legs of animals play a great role and adapt well to the environment. Camels living in desert areas have particularly long legs, which can reduce the influence of surface radiation heat. At the same time, the long legs are easy to travel long distances, find water sources and feed on the tender branches and leaves of shrubs. Leg length can also keep many organs at a certain distance from the ground to avoid high-temperature cooking. For example, the female camel's breast clings to the lower abdomen, the male camel's foreskin is turned backwards, and the testicles are located behind the two strands. In addition, the structure of camel's foot also reflects its good adaptation to the thermal environment. A camel's hoof is composed of the first phalanx of the third and fourth toes. There is a horny pad under the hoof, the thickness can reach 1 cm, and there is a lot of melanin, which can prevent the heat transfer of sand.

Coat: Camel's coat is fluffy, which can not only resist the heat, but also make sweat evaporate slowly, thus lowering body temperature and regulating body temperature.

Behavior regulation: It is scientific to go up and down when camels rest in the desert in summer. For example, when a camel lies on the ground, it will push away the hot sand at the sleeping point, change the temperature of the sleeping point and lie down. Camels first push the hot sand forward with their forelimbs, and the forelimbs drive their knees to land first, and then scrape the hot sand back hard, so that the surface temperature under their bodies drops. When standing, the camel will also choose a certain direction to reduce heat damage. For example, in order to reduce the radiant heat absorbed by the body surface, the camel's head is facing the sun in the morning, and then the camel will adjust its position with the angle of sunlight to reduce the exposure of sunlight.

cold endurance

Camels are warm-blooded animals. Generally, when the outside temperature changes, they will keep a constant body temperature, which gives animals the ability to resist heat but cold, thus better protecting themselves. Camels can use endocrine and nervous system to realize automatic regulation of body temperature. The endocrine system adapts to seasonal short-term temperature changes through the secretion of thyroid gland and adrenaline. Among them, thyroid is related to slow seasonal temperature changes, while adrenal mainly deals with instantaneous temperature changes. The temperature in the living area of camels is often -20 ~-30℃, and the lowest temperature even reaches -45 ~-50℃, but camels can still live normally.

Adipose tissue: Camel is an outstanding example of local fat storage. Humps living in arid areas are made of fat, and the peak size varies with food supply, which can be close to 20% of body weight. In addition, the subcutaneous fat layer of camel can not only store energy, but also keep warm; The fat on the camel's back can avoid the damage caused by solar radiation in desert areas and play a role in heat preservation. The heat insulation function of fat can prevent external heat from entering the body. Animal adipose tissue keeps a balance between production and decomposition. Fat can be stored for several weeks when there is enough feed. When feed is scarce, fat is decomposed as an energy source or a raw material for making protein. In different animals, the importance of fat in providing insulation, storing energy and endogenous heat is different.

Coat: The coat is developed, the pile layer is thick and dense, the skin plate is thick, and the heat preservation ability is strong. It has heat insulation function under the environmental conditions of direct sunlight and the outside temperature is higher than the skin temperature. Animals in cold regions generally have thick fur, bristles on the outer layer and thick and soft fluff on the inner layer. In extremely cold areas, some animals have thick manes, rather than thick fluff, which can adapt to the cold, rain and snowstorms in the Arctic. The warmth retention of camel coat is related to its color, luster, thickness, density and hair type. Under the same conditions, brown wool absorbs more solar radiation heat than white wool.

Behavior regulation: Camel's cold tolerance is also reflected in its behavior regulation ability. Whenever the weather is cold and windy, the camel shows a retreat behavior, with its tail sandwiched between two strands and flying to the ground, its hoof sticking to its abdomen and its hindquarters lying against the shelter. This reduces the heat dissipation area of the body, and the thick keratin pad can also play a good role in heat resistance.

Anti-sandstorm ability

There are frequent sandstorms in desert grassland, so camels should not only walk in the desert, but also adapt to the sandstorms. Camels touch the ground with their fingers (toes), and the occipital parts of the third and fourth fingers heal into a wide and soft hoof disc with elastic tissues and elastic fibrous cell sacs inside and a cuticle outside, with a thickness of 0.6 ~ 0.9 cm. When the forelimbs hit the ground, the area of hoof disc increased to 68 ~ 7 1.5 cm 2, so that it did not sink into the sand; When lifting the leg, the area of the hoof disc is reduced to 62 ~ 65.5cm, which is convenient for walking. There are two horny claws bent forward at the front edge of the hoof disc, so you can't slide backwards when walking in the sand to prevent slipping. Camels will half close their eyes when they encounter sandstorm weather, and use long and dense drooping eyelashes to prevent dust from entering their eyes. At the same time, the lacrimal gland secretes tears and removes the dust that enters the surface of the eyeball. Camel's nostrils are long, narrow and oblique, showing a slit shape. Anatomically speaking, both nostrils have a passage in the middle of the nasal groove. The external tissues of the nostrils are soft and can be opened and closed freely. There are tufted nose hairs in their holes, and the pipes are curved and wrinkled. These anatomical structures effectively moisten the air and play a role in filtering dust.

Hate humidity

The same characteristics of land animals are that they like dry and warm, and hate wet and cold, and camels are no exception. They are not suitable for raising in high humidity and high temperature environment. Humidity affects the growth and development of camels, and even makes them sick, especially in spring, to prevent camels from getting sick when lying on the wet ground.

Hobby salt

Because the precipitation in desert arid area is far lower than the evaporation of water vapor and the transpiration of plants, the salt content of plants in this area is higher. Camels live in arid desert areas. Over time, they prefer plants with high salt content. At the same time, drinking water also belongs to saline-alkali lake water. So camels have strong halophilia. In general, they can smell the salt pond or alkali beach outside 10 kg, and eat it after running for a long time. The salt supply for camels must be done well in the environment of house feeding.

Gather

Camels don't live in groups like other domestic animals, but they still live in groups. On the pasture, they feed in small groups, groups and groups. Only when herdsmen gather to graze or encounter great interference, do they gather into large groups. Female camels live in groups and have a sense of protection. They can take care of each other when they leave and return to the pasture. When they find that the camel lambs are not around, they will shout loudly. When they find that the camel lambs are in danger, they will pounce on them to protect them. Male camels are not as gregarious as female camels, and male camels have strong group protection only in breeding season. He actively searched for female camels and formed his own breeding group. If other male camels or male camels enter the flock, they will be strictly driven away. In the non-breeding period, they often leave the group and ask for aquatic plants.

habitat

In different seasons and climatic conditions, the direction of camel walking and lying has certain rules. During the hot summer and autumn, people usually face the sun, walk against the wind and lie down against the wind. I like to lie in a dry place on a sunny and windless day; When the sky is cloudy and cool, there is no fixed direction and lying direction. In summer and autumn, camels like to choose high-dry, ventilated and cool places to feed and inhabit. In winter and spring, camels usually walk and lie down with the wind. In winter and spring, camels like to move in low-lying, sheltered and warm places. Camels are willing to walk and lie in the direction of wind, sand, rain and snow in any season to prevent rain, snow and windy weather. When foraging on the pasture, I like to disperse, and I like to live in groups when I rest. I want to live in a dry place, without grass and loose topsoil. Camels used to lie on several peaks.

distribution range

Dromedary camels: mainly distributed in Sudan, Somalia, India and its neighboring countries, South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.

Bactrian camel: mainly distributed in Asia and its surrounding cool areas, such as Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, northern India and Russia; Domesticated bactrian camels are mainly distributed in some countries in Central Asia, such as Turkmenistan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, northern Pakistan and Indian desert grasslands, and extend eastward to southern Russia, northwestern China and western Mongolia. Bactrian camels are mainly distributed in the arid deserts and grasslands of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Gansu Province in China. Bactrian camels are mainly distributed in Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and its surrounding areas, such as Wulan County, dulan county and Dachaidan. In Gansu province, it is mainly distributed in Mazongshan area of Subei Mongolian Autonomous County and Aksai Kazak Autonomous County.