What are the basic music theory knowledge of guzheng?

Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng and Luanzheng, is one of the traditional Chinese musical instruments and belongs to plucked instruments. People have been discussing the music theory of guzheng. Let me tell you something about the music theory of guzheng!

Guzheng music theory knowledge

The unified specifications of guzheng are: 1.63m, 2 1 string. The panel of guzheng is mostly paulownia in Lankao, Henan Province, and the frame is white pine. There are precious wood such as mahogany, old rosewood (Burmese rosewood), golden nanmu and rosewood on the side plates around the piano body. The sound quality of the guzheng depends on the panel and strings, and the surrounding materials also slightly improve the sound quality of the guzheng, especially the old mahogany, rosewood and golden nanmu. From early to modern times, there are 12, 13, 18, 23, 25 strings and so on. There are many ways to set the zither strings in different areas. What are the new types of Zheng? Butterfly Zheng? 、? Turn the Zheng? Wait a minute.

panel

The sound quality of guzheng depends on the panel and strings. The panel is best in the middle part of the front. Front refers to putting the whole paulownia tree into the water, with the side exposed to the water as the front and the truncated end as the middle part. Generally speaking, paulownia trees with the age of 9- 12 are the best, especially in Lankao, Henan. Sand and pine are good for sound quality transmission.

The best panel for professional guzheng performance is through grain, with the interval between alto textures of 5-9 cm and the interval between treble and bass of 1.5-2.5 cm. The panel thickness is generally 9mm, 1 1mm and 10mm. At present, most panels adopt chord cutting technology.

String (of an instrument)

In the early days, ponytail and deer tendon were used as raw materials, but at present, nylon steel wire string is the mainstream, which increases the volume and charm. The strings are mainly made of steel wire imported from Germany, with uniform carbon content, long service life and good hand feeling. They are represented by five-tone incomplete cards, Baoquan cards and Dunhuang cards, which are more popular among professionals.

Zheng code

Generally speaking, mahogany piano with mahogany piano code, nanmu piano with chicken wing wood piano code, rosewood piano with mahogany piano code. It is also said that colored wood is the best piano code material, but there is no conclusion yet. Zheng code requires the texture to be vertical up and down, and the embedded ox bone and chord groove are generally 1/3 of the corresponding chord.

The traditional playing method of guzheng is to pluck the strings with the four fingers of the right hand, namely, the big finger, the middle finger and the ring finger, so as to play the melody and master the rhythm. The left-handed playing method is also to adapt to the tension of strings and control the changes of chords to adjust the pitch and improve the melody. There are many fingerings of the Zheng, such as hook, grip, split, pick, wipe, pluck, beat, shake and pinch. Right hand, left hand press, slide, rub and shake. Traditional guzheng playing techniques have made a new breakthrough in modern times. 1953 The Year of the Breeze, written by Mr. Zhao Yuzhai, liberated the left hand, used polyphony in the tune, and adopted the technique of alternating left and right hands and playing multiple voices, which greatly enriched the playing techniques and made a breakthrough in guzheng playing technology.

Guzheng is divided into four groups. Treble 1, treble 12356, alto 12356(do re mi sol la), bass 12356, bass 12356.

When there are 4(fa) or 7(si) notes in the music, you can only press 3 or 6 strings on the left string section of the Zheng code with your left hand to increase its tension. The specific method of playing four tones is to press three strings at a distance of about 1 decimeter from the Zheng code, and then play this string with your right hand to play four tones. Similarly, when playing 7 notes, you can also press the 6-note string on the left side of the Zheng code with your left hand.

Zheng is often used for solo, duet, instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of song and dance, opera and folk art. It is called "Zheng" because of its wide range and beautiful timbre. The king of all music? Also known as? Oriental piano? .

The optimum temperature and humidity of guzheng are 20℃ and 50% respectively. Generally speaking, it is beneficial to the vibration and pronunciation of musical instruments to use guzheng in the space with temperature 16-28℃ and humidity of 50 ~ 70%.

Guzheng should be handled with care to avoid collision or violent vibration.

Guzheng should be placed in a dry, cool and ventilated place to avoid direct moisture, rain and sun exposure (it is not suitable to be close to radiators in winter in northern areas to avoid exposure or deformation), and it is not suitable to be placed in the kitchen or in a place where it is easy to contact with lampblack, because the adsorption of lampblack will directly affect the timbre of musical instruments.

After using the guzheng, you can wipe off the sweat stains on the strings with a dry soft cloth to prevent the strings from rusting. When not in use, it is best to cover the Zheng to reduce the erosion of the Zheng by dust, light or humid air.

Guzheng should be used frequently, which is conducive to the stability of string tension, and the body often vibrates, which can promote the sound quality to be perfect day by day.

The intonation of guzheng is influenced by temperature, humidity and vibration. Once the piano sound is found to be inaccurate, it should be tuned in time, otherwise it will affect the performance effect.

Maintain the guzheng regularly. Clean and wipe the body with a soft brush or dry soft cloth. Never rinse with water. Consult the manufacturer or local dealer for special circumstances.

If you don't play the Zheng for a short time, don't loosen the black boy or drop the Zheng column, as long as it is moisture-proof, sun-proof and ash-proof. Don't put it directly on the ground or hang it on a wet wall. When the humidity is high, put the guzheng in the box and put the desiccant in the box.

Basic knowledge of guzheng music theory

Variable sound level

In addition to the seven basic levels in music, there are many tones that raise or lower the basic level, which are called tone sandhi. When you read the change of tone, you should put? l？ Or? Healthy? Read words, such as up 4, down 5 and so on.

In order to distinguish it from tone sandhi, the basic tone is also called the standard tone.

Tone sandhi marker

Symbols that raise, lower or return to the basic tone level are called diacritical marks. There are five phonetic symbols * * * used in notation:

A semitone sign # indicates that the basic tone level has been raised by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to crooked Chinese characters? Hmm? .

B-flat means that the basic tone level is reduced by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to the English lowercase letter B.

The double-rising symbol x means to raise the basic tone level by a whole tone. It is shaped like a fork.

The heavy drop mark bb indicates that the basic tone level has been reduced by an overall tone. It consists of two plane signs.

Minus sign means to lower the tone that has been raised or lowered to the basic level, that is, to the standard tone. So the minus sign can also be called the standard sign.

When reading the rising or falling change level again, you should also put? Re-promotion? Or? Heavy fall? Read two words. Like what? Go up again 1? 、? Heavy drop 6? Wait a minute.

Tone mark

When we open the score, we can see the words 1=D or 1=G, which is key signature in notation. 1=D means that the tune is d, that is, 1 is d.

Temporary marking

The diacritical marks are written directly in front of the notes. This phonetic symbol is called a temporary symbol. The temporary marker only applies to the same sound as the pronunciation marker, and is limited to one bar. After that, they lose their function.

rhythm

In the music world, the sound not only ups and downs, but also varies in length, forming a priority effect. People always call the relationship between the length of sound and the specific intensity rhythm.

In life, many things will be exercised regularly. For example, the ups and downs of our breathing, the swing of the clock, and the rolling of the wheels when the train is running. So the word rhythm is also widely used in fields other than music.

Key points of music theory knowledge in guzheng training

Music sound

In the colorful music world, there are all kinds of voices. Some of these sounds sound slender, while others sound rough. Some look soft, others look deep. It can really be said that it is varied and varied. Music is the art of sound? .

According to the law of sound production, we can divide sound into two categories: one is called music, and the other is called noise. Music has a fixed pitch and is harmonious and pleasing to the ear. The sounds made by piano, electronic organ, violin, erhu and other musical instruments belong to the music when people sing. The music world is mainly composed of musical sounds.

call the roll

In order to address the tones used in music, people use seven English letters. The arrangement of these seven letters starts with C, followed by C, D, E, F, G, A and B, which are called phonetic names. When singing, we use do, re, mi, fa, sol, la and si to sing the sounds on the score, which is called roll call. The sound name and the volume name are not only related, but also have different uses, so we should pay more attention to them when using them in different occasions.

Chinese folk music has a certain mode, that is, five-tone mode, and the five tones are: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.

Basic sound level

Recycle the seven names C, D, E, F, G, A and B, and these sounds with seven names are the basic level.

Halftone

The smallest pitch distance between tones is called semitone, and two semitones form a whole tone. In notation, 7, 1 and 3, 4 are semitones.

Key points of music theory knowledge in guzheng training

musical note

The symbols indicating the length of sound in the music score are called notes, which are represented by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in notation.

Common notes in music are: whole notes (such as 5-); Binary notes (such as 5-); Quarter notes (such as 5); An eighth note (such as 5).

The relationship between notes is the same as the name: whole note =2 half notes =4 quarter notes =8 eighth notes = 16 sixteenth notes.

discontinue

The sound in music doesn't stop all the time. Sometimes there will be a pause and a silent time. At this time, it will be represented by another symbolic rest. The names of the rest are similar to the names of notes, and are represented by 0 in notation. Commonly used are: 0000 full holidays. 00 at two o'clock, 0 at four o'clock, 0 at eight o'clock and 0 at sixteen o'clock. The length of a full rest is equivalent to a full note. The length of a binary rest is equivalent to a binary note, and so on.

dotted note

Some notes need to be extended for a period of time. When recording music, just put a point to the right of this note, and this point is called the attachment point. This note is also called dot note. Dots increase the duration of the original notes by half. Commonly used dotted notes are: dotted quarter notes, dotted eighth notes and so on.

Suffix rest

Knowing what a dotted note is, you will know what an additional rest is, and the additional rest is also half the length of the original rest:

Extension signal of extension line

In order to prolong the time of a sound, there are two other ways besides using suffix. One way is to connect several sounds with the same pitch with sustain lines, and when playing, these sounds add up to form one sound. Such as: 5-∣ 5-.