Coastal Zone and Climatic Characteristics in Arctic Ocean Region

The coastline of the Arctic Ocean is tortuous and varied, including steep rocky coast and fjord coast, abrasive coast, low-level coast, delta and lagoon coast and composite coast. There are many shallow marginal seas and bays in the vast continental shelf area. There are many islands in the Arctic Ocean, with a total area of about 3.8 million square kilometers, which basically belong to mainland islands in the shelf area.

Climate: Winter in the Arctic Ocean lasts for six months from June 1 1 to April of the following year. May, June, September and 65438+ October belong to spring and autumn. In summer, it only lasts for seven or eight months. The average temperature in June+10/October in 5438 was between-20 and-40℃. The average temperature in the warmest August is only MINUS 8 degrees. The lowest temperature measured at the drifting station near the pole of the Arctic Ocean is -59℃. Due to the influence of ocean currents and Arctic anticyclones, the coldest place in the Arctic is not in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. The lowest temperature was recorded at -70℃ in Jansk, Vilho, Siberia, and at -62℃ in Alaska.

The closer to the pole, the more obvious the meteorological and climatic characteristics of the polar region. There is only one day and one night a year. Even in midsummer, the sun just hangs on the distant southern horizon, with a bleak white light. The sun never rises above 23.5 degrees. It moves slowly around this endless white world. A few months later, the track of the sun gradually approached the horizon, so the evening season in the Arctic began.

The Arctic has endless ice and snow and a long winter. Both the North Pole and the South Pole have extreme days and nights. The closer you get to the North Pole, the more obvious this is. Winter in the Arctic is long, cold and dark. From165438+1October 23rd every year, there will be days when the sun can't be seen at all for nearly half a year. The temperature will drop to MINUS 50 degrees Celsius. At this time, all the waves and tides disappeared, because the coast was frozen and only the wind wrapped in snow swept around.

In April, the weather gradually warmed up and the ice and snow gradually melted. Large pieces of ice began to melt, break and collide with each other, making a loud noise. There is gurgling water in the stream; The sky becomes bright and the sun shines on the earth. In May and June, plants put on the coat of life, and green animals began to be active and busy breeding. In this season, animals can get enough food and accumulate enough nutrition and fat to spend the long winter.

Autumn in the Arctic is very short, and the first snowstorm will come in early September. The arctic soon returned to the cold and dark winter. In the Arctic, the sun will never rise in the sky, even in midsummer, its rising angle will not exceed 23.5 degrees. The annual precipitation in the Arctic is generally 100-250 mm, and it can reach 500 mm in Greenland. The main form of precipitation is summer rain.