Gastrodia elata planting technology video

Gastrodia elata has limited adaptability to low temperature. If it exceeds the low temperature limit that Gastrodia elata can tolerate, Gastrodia elata will be frozen. The following is a video of gastrodia elata planting technology that I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Gastrodia elata planting technology video 1. Material preparation: A variety of broad-leaved trees (except hard miscellaneous trees such as pine and cypress, which are not allowed to be used) can be used as the wood for cultivating Armillaria mellea, and commonly used ones are green bar, chestnut, elm, locust, willow and birch.

2. Land selection: select loam or sandy loam with good moisture, air permeability and water permeability and rich humus, and dig a pit with a depth of 35cm and a length of 85cm for farming.

3. Seed selection, seed dressing and planting:

Gastrodia elata can be used as limited reproduction and unlimited reproduction. When selecting hemp seeds, select gastrodia elata which was dug in the same year, eliminate commercial hemp, select all hemp seeds and screen them, and eliminate inferior hemp seeds such as rotten hemp and deformed hemp. Finally, gastrodia elata is determined to be the next year's hemp seed with the same size, strong, neat appearance, big head, good color and non-invasion.

Seed dressing with new high-fat film 10-50 times solution before sowing to prevent disease invasion. Dig the bottom of the pit, level it, spread a layer of broadleaf leaves and humus soil, and then put the prepared wood evenly at the bottom of the pit with a spacing of 6-8 cm, and put 6-8 pieces of wood in each nest. When planting, stick the branches of Armillaria mellea mailed to you to the fish scales on both sides of the wood, and then put gastrodia elata seeds on the branches of Armillaria mellea and the wood, so that the nutritional relationship between them will be established quickly. After that, the remaining white Armillaria species were divided into soybean-sized particles and evenly scattered in the wood. Then fill it with humus soil or fine sand, and compact it gently, leaving no gap. If there are many seeds, plants and branches, you can cultivate another layer on top of the first layer. The method is the same as above, but pay attention to getting on and off the wood. Hmm? Glyph. Finally, cover with fine soil of about 15cm, and then cover with litter to form a turtle's back, which is slightly higher than the ground, which is beneficial to drainage.

4. Post-planting management: After planting Gastrodia elata, there is no need to fertilize, loosen soil and weed, and keep it wild. The soil moisture content should be kept at about 40%, and the ground temperature should be 15-28 degrees. Spraying Gendaling solution on the leaves during the rhizome swelling period can promote the transportation of photosynthetic products (nutrients) on the leaves to the roots, improve the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability, make the rhizome swell rapidly, and greatly increase the content of effective substances. In summer and high temperature season, use sunshade net or branches to shade and cool down to prevent people and animals from trampling. In case of drought, water it properly. At the same time, pay attention to prevent water accumulation in rainy season.

5. Pest control: Gastrodia elata diseases mainly include root disorder, which has two reasons: first, miscellaneous bacteria invade the roots of Gastrodia elata; Second, there is too much rain during the growth period, which makes the root system of Gastrodia elata disordered. Prevention and control methods: Select the ground-planted gastrodia elata with good drainage. There is no mixed bacteria infection in bacteria, and the gaps between bacteria should be filled. Always pay attention to drainage. Prevention and treatment methods: spraying targeted drugs+800 times solution of new high-fat film to kill. The main pests are grubs and crickets. Prevention and control methods: spraying targeted drugs to kill or lure adults with lights.

6. Harvesting and processing: generally, it is excavated in spring and autumn (10-165438+1October). After digging, wash the sediment and bacteria rope on the surface of Gastrodia elata with rice washing water, and then steam it in a steamer for 10-25 minutes, depending on the size of Gastrodia elata. Directly dry or dry after steaming, and pay attention to mildew prevention in rainy days.

Key points of planting gastrodia elata: 1. antifreeze

Gastrodia elata has a certain tolerance to low temperature, mainly because its ancestors lived in alpine mountains for a long time. However, gastrodia elata has limited adaptability to low temperature. If it exceeds the low temperature limit that Gastrodia elata can tolerate, Gastrodia elata will be frozen. Gastrodia elata can generally tolerate the low temperature of 0℃ to -4℃ in the soil during wintering, but it cannot be lower than -4℃. If exposed to the air at about 0℃, the tubers will be frozen, and once the planted cannabis is frozen, the yield will be reduced or will not be harvested.

After winter, with the slow drop of temperature, the cold resistance of Gastrodia elata gradually increases, but sudden abnormal cooling is easy to cause freezing injury. Therefore, hemp farmers should beware of the first cold current after winter and spring. Cold spring? .

Gastrodia elata is suitable for planting in most areas of Yunnan. As long as appropriate protective measures are taken, it will generally not be frozen, because the ground temperature under the film (the temperature above the ground 10 cm) is generally 1-5℃. In alpine mountain areas, it is not advisable to turn gastrodia elata in winter too late, and gastrodia elata can be harvested in late 10. You can choose to turn gastrodia elata at noon and afternoon on sunny days. In case of cold current and low temperature, replanting cannot be carried out. In the alpine mountain area, we should choose sunny slope for planting, and cover the top of gastrodia elata with thick sand layer (7- 10 cm), and cover it with leaves, grass, corn straw, bean straw (5 cm thick) and film to keep the ground temperature at 0℃? 5℃, not only can meet the requirements of gastrodia elata dormant at low temperature in winter, but also can play a good anti-freezing role.

-5℃ is the lethal temperature of Gastrodia elata, so be careful in cold areas. In areas with low temperature, freezing injury can be prevented as long as the film is covered. 1 1 month after planting gastrodia elata, water gastrodia elata, let the sand precipitate, leave no gaps, and cover with orange stalks and film after one week. In March, the average temperature in most parts of Yunnan has exceeded 10℃, and Gastrodia elata began to sprout and grow. You can open the film, water it 1 time and then cover it tightly. Because it often happens in March? Cold spring? May cause freezing damage to gastrodia elata; The film can be removed in April (after Tomb-Sweeping Day) and used next year.

Second, drought prevention.

Water content is one of the important factors for the growth and development of Gastrodia elata, and the water content of Gastrodia elata is generally 7 1-88%. Gastrodia elata has no roots, so it can't absorb water from deep soil. Therefore, Gastrodia elata is very sensitive to drought. When the moisture in the soil is too low to maintain the normal growth and development of gastrodia elata, drought occurs.

According to the water consumption of gastrodia elata in different growth stages, what is the general law of water demand in one year? Small, medium and large? That is, 165438+ 10 to February of the following year is the hibernation period of gastrodia elata, and freezing injury should be controlled and prevented. The soil moisture content is about 30%, which can be dried or loosened (generally without watering); In early spring (from March to mid-May), the water demand of Gastrodia elata is small. As long as there is a proper amount of water, the soil is kept in a low water state, and the water content is about 40%, gastrodia elata can germinate and grow normally without dehydration and atrophy. The average temperature in March in most parts of Yunnan has exceeded 10℃, and the tuber of Gastrodia elata has begun to sprout new buds. March, April and May are the dry spring seasons in Yunnan, with little rain. When dusting the surface soil of Tianma pond by hand, water should be properly poured; Do not water the top soil of Tianma pond when it is not dusty; So as to ensure the normal growth and germination of gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea; In case of spring drought, scraping the topsoil by hand and spraying powder without watering will affect the germination rate and growth rate of gastrodia elata and the growth of Armillaria mellea. Late May and June, July, August and September are the seasons when Gastrodia elata grows vigorously. In normal years, during this period, there is more rainfall all over Yunnan, which can basically meet the growth needs of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. In the years with less rainfall, a little more water should be properly poured to make the soil water content reach about 50% (the topsoil of Tianma pond can't be scraped by hand) to ensure the vigorous growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata. After June 65438+ 10, Gastrodia elata will grow into a fixed shape and enter the stage of nutrient accumulation. At this time, Gastrodia elata will grow slowly and need little water. Generally, watering should be stopped, and water quantity should be strictly controlled to prevent Armillaria mellea. Crazy growth? Eating empty gastrodia elata can reduce the soil water content to about 20% ~ 30%. Because of the great climate difference in different places, to achieve stable and high yield of Gastrodia elata, we must combine the local reality and explore the experience.

Under the conditions of high temperature, high humidity and stagnant air, it is easy to breed mold in gastrodia elata pool, which leads to the reduction of gastrodia elata production. According to the growth characteristics of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, it is suggested that growers should adopt appropriate layered watering when planting Gastrodia elata. Stick to it in the future? No more watering in winter; There is little water in spring; In summer, film should be used to cover the rain properly outdoors, and more water can be poured indoors; If you don't water in autumn, would you rather be dry than waterlogged? Reasonable measures to adjust soil moisture make the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata in the best balance.

In spring drought, covering the upper part of gastrodia elata cultivation hole with a layer of leaves or corn stalks, straws, bean stalks and mountain grass (5 cm thick in alpine mountain area and 10 ~ 15 cm thick in dam area) has good drought resistance, moisture retention and warming effect.

In summer, the plastic film can be removed, leaving leaves or corn stalks and grass to shade and moisturize, preventing rain from hardening sand, increasing soil permeability and promoting high yield of gastrodia elata.

Kaiyuan area has a hot climate, less rainfall and large evaporation. Water it in the morning and evening, and cover it with thick orange stalks to keep it moist, so as to prevent gastrodia elata from dying due to drought and dehydration. When the rainfall is heavy in rainy season, the watering frequency can be reduced appropriately.

Third, prevent high temperature.

The optimum growth temperature of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea is 20-25℃. When the ground temperature of hemp growth layer rose above 30℃ that day, Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata went into high temperature dormancy. But the high temperature of 30℃ is not the lethal temperature of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. When the temperature drops, Gastrodia elata can resume growth. High temperature has a great influence on the yield of gastrodia elata. In areas with hot summer climate (such as Kaiyuan area), Gastrodia elata should be planted in a cool place (to avoid the sun in the west), or shaded with 10 ~ 15 cm sand, 10 cm thick leaves and orange stalks, and sprayed with water to cool down, so as to shorten the high-temperature dormancy period of Gastrodia elata.

June to September is a hot season. In areas with large temperature difference between day and night (about 10℃) and hot climate, in order to create a microclimate environment suitable for the growth of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, it is necessary to cover the hemp pond with a layer of grass, such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and pea straw. The thickness is about 5 ~ 10 cm (5 cm in alpine region), which is beneficial to the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata because of the small temperature fluctuation. It is also reliable to plant some corn and melon beans in the west and southwest to shade. If gastrodia elata is cultivated indoors, if the temperature is higher than 25℃, you can open the window for ventilation and spray water on the floor or in the gastrodia elata pool to cool down.

Fourth, flood control.

Gastrodia elata grows vigorously in summer, and the water demand is large. Under normal circumstances, there is more rain in summer, which is conducive to the vigorous growth of gastrodia elata. However, if gastrodia elata cultivation holes are soaked in water after continuous rainfall and heavy rain, gastrodia elata will rot, especially in areas with poor drainage of subsoil or low-lying areas. When planting gastrodia elata on flat land and roof, drainage and waterlogging prevention should be done well. Should the rainy season be in the upper part of Tianma Cave? People? A small zigzag ditch that is convenient for drainage. In areas where rainfall is too concentrated, rain can be covered intermittently with film to reduce soil moisture; Uncover the film after rain to prevent high temperature injury.

Relatively speaking, autumn waterlogging has the greatest influence on the growth of gastrodia elata. During this period, it was a rainy season, with heavy rainfall, long duration and insufficient illumination, which led to low temperature, slowed down the growth of Gastrodia elata, and entered the dormant period ahead of schedule. Armillaria mellea can still grow at the low temperature of 6-8℃, which is not conducive to the growth of gastrodia elata, but only beneficial to the growth of Armillaria mellea. Because new hemp has lost its ability to resist Armillaria infection, Armillaria will infect new hemp, causing young new hemp to rot, and arrow hemp is the most seriously affected. Therefore, from late September to 10, special attention should be paid to digging drainage ditches along the slope in the cultivation site to prevent waterlogging and dredge the roof drainage ditch. Tianma Cave must not be soaked in water! Manual watering should be reduced or stopped from June 10. Would rather be dry than waterlogged. .

Yunnan has a monsoon climate. 85% ~ 95% of the annual rainfall in most areas is concentrated from late May to the end of September. Because the rainfall is too concentrated, special attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention when planting gastrodia elata outdoors (roof, yard and field). When necessary, the film can be used to shelter from the rain intermittently, so as to appropriately reduce the times of damp in Tianma pond. After the rain, the film can be opened immediately for light ventilation, and the temperature and humidity in Tianma pond can be appropriately reduced to ensure the normal growth of Gastrodia elata. At the beginning of 65438+ 10, the rainy season in Yunnan basically ended. It is best to stop watering indoors and outdoors, dismantle the orange stalks on the surface of Tianma pond, quickly reduce the moisture in the sand of Tianma pond and prevent gastrodia tuber from rotting. At this time, the climate gradually became cold, and Gastrodia elata began to gradually enter a dormant state without too much water; If the humidity is too high, Armillaria? Crazy growth? Will it be the other way around? Eat gastrodia elata? , causing gastrodia elata to rot. Therefore, instead of flooding the gastrodia elata pool, it is better to let the gastrodia elata pool dry after autumn. According to the practical experience of planting gastrodia elata in towns and villages in luliang county, the root cause of the failure of a few growers is that there is too much outdoor rain, too much indoor watering, and the water content and humidity of the sand in Tianma pond are too high, which leads to a large number of mold breeding or Armillaria mellea? Crazy growth? , leading to a large number of gastrodia elata rot in the growth process, resulting in reduced production. Up to now, gastrodia elata has not been found in luliang county. However, one of the important experiences of most successful farmers in Lvliang is to pay attention to diligent inspection and decide whether to water according to the wet and dry conditions of the soil; Water it in time when it is dry; But don't water it too much. Don't water it too often and too much. If the surface is wet, don't water it. Their soil method for measuring the dry humidity of soil in Tianma pond is: scrape off the surface sand (5 cm deep) in the middle of Tianma pond by hand. If it is found that the surface sand in the middle is dry, slightly dusty and sticky, and the sand does not agglomerate when touched by hand, then pour some water appropriately; If it is found that the surface sand in the middle of Tianma pond is wet and free from dust, then insist on not watering it; The indoor environment is closed, the wind can't blow, the sun can't shine, and the water evaporates slowly, so the water in the soil should be strictly controlled.

Wang, a farmer of Taguanying Village Committee in Zhaokua Town, luliang county, planted Gastrodia elata 45M2 indoors in June 2003 +065438+2003 10. Through the above careful management, 386kg gastrodia elata was harvested from June 2004 +20041October 22, with an average profit of 10000 yuan. (See Qujing Daily +065438 on June 4, 2004 for details).

In Kaiyuan, the climate is hot in spring and summer, with less rainfall and large evaporation. When planting gastrodia elata, it is necessary to choose a cool place (to avoid sun exposure), cover the orange stalk grass with a thickness of about 10cm, and insist on watering less and frequently (once every morning and evening in summer), which can not only reduce the soil temperature, but also ensure the normal humidity of gastrodia elata pond and prevent gastrodia elata from dehydration and death. Water less in autumn (after 10 year 10 20th) (once every 1-2 days) to prevent gastrodia elata from rotting and dehydration. Gastrodia elata/kloc-0 can be harvested in late October. In the dam area of Kaiyuan City, a few farmers failed to plant gastrodia elata because of too little watering and insufficient shade. Gastrodia elata died of dehydration in the process of growth, and finally only a shell was left, just the opposite of Lvliang.

We suggest that when planting gastrodia elata in counties and cities of Qujing, the soil moisture can be controlled at 63452, that is, 1 1 month gastrodia elata. Three times? When layered watering, the soil water content reaches about 60%; In winter, the soil moisture content is about 30% (no watering before March 1). During the spring drought from March to mid-May, water was poured every 1 0-15 days, and the soil moisture content was about 40%. The rainy season is from the end of May to the end of September. More water should be poured indoors, and film should be used to cover the rain intermittently outdoors. The soil moisture content is about 50%. From June 65438+1 October1to the end of June 1 1, stop watering, remove orange stalks, and gradually reduce the soil water content to about 20% through wind and sun.

Because of the high temperature and large evaporation, the soil moisture can be controlled according to 74563, which is 10 percentage point higher than that of Qujing in the same period. Other counties and cities in Yunnan can combine the local climate characteristics and refer to the experience of Luliang and Kaiyuan to explore their own unique methods.

We suggest that when planting gastrodia elata in counties and cities of Qujing, the soil moisture can be controlled at 63452, that is, 1 1 month gastrodia elata. Three times? When layered watering, the soil water content reaches about 60%; In winter, the soil moisture content is about 30% (no watering before March 1). During the spring drought from March to mid-May, water was poured every 1 0-15 days, and the soil moisture content was about 40%. The rainy season is from the end of May to the end of September. More water should be poured indoors, and film should be used to cover the rain intermittently outdoors. The soil moisture content is about 50%. From June 65438+1 October1to the end of June 1 1, stop watering, remove orange stalks, and gradually reduce the soil water content to about 20% through wind and sun.

Because of the high temperature and large evaporation, the soil moisture can be controlled according to 74563, which is 10 percentage point higher than that of Qujing in the same period. Other counties and cities in Yunnan can combine the local climate characteristics and refer to the experience of Luliang and Kaiyuan to explore their own unique methods.

Soil method to measure water content: knead the sand into a ball by hand, and the water will not drip out when it falls to the ground, and then it will disperse. At this time, the soil water content is about 50%; If the dough is not kneaded, the water content is lower than 50%; If water droplets are extruded, the water content is higher than 50%.

In order to master the climate law in this area, hemp farmers should go to the local weather station to understand the situation and form the habit of watching the weather forecast every day.