Problems existing in Hengyang's senior high school entrance examination papers over the years

In 2008, Hengyang junior high school graduation exam physics examination paper.

Note to candidates: There are four major questions in the examination paper of this subject, with a full score of 100, and the examination time is 90 minutes. The fourth big question requires writing necessary words, formulas and important calculus steps, and only the final answer can't score. The physical quantity required to be answered in each question must be written in numerical values and units, and those who only write numerical values and do not write units cannot score.

In this paper, we take G= 10N/kg.

First of all, this problem has 12 small problems. 2 points for each small question, 24 points for * * *. Of the four options given in each question, only one is correct. Fill in the serial number of the correct answer in the specified position in the answer table below. 2 points for each small question, and 0 point for the wrong answer.

The title is123455678911112.

answer

1. The following data is closest to the actual situation ().

A. The length of an ordinary pencil is about 40 cm. B. The mass of an egg is about 50 kg.

C. the pulse of a normal person is about 70 times per second. D. the pressure of middle school students on the ground when standing is about 450N N n.

2. China is one of the few countries that have mastered aerial refueling technology. As shown in the picture, the third generation fighter "J- 10" developed by China refuels in the air. Choose which of the following objects as a reference, you can think that the tanker is moving ().

A.J- 10 fighter B. houses on the ground

C. Pilots in tankers D. Pilots in "J 10" fighters

3. For the description of the following four pictures, the correct statement is ()

A, B and D.

A. In Figure A, transparent walls on both sides of some sections of the city can reduce noise pollution.

B. In Figure B, the harder you beat the drum, the higher the pitch of the sound.

C. in figure c, as the air is continuously pumped out, the ringtone of the mobile phone is getting louder and louder.

D in ding tu, the player changes the loudness of the sound by changing the position where his fingers press the strings.

4. In reality, many human activities and practices are related to the physical knowledge we have learned. The following example about pressure and buoyancy is incorrect ().

A. Sucking drinks into your mouth through a straw is actually the function of atmospheric pressure.

If a stone is thrown into the river, it will sink to the bottom, which means that the stone has no buoyancy in the water.

C. The pressure cooker cooks food quickly because the pressure in the cooker increases and the boiling point of the liquid (water in the cooker) rises.

D the top of the dam is narrow and the bottom is wide, because the pressure of liquid (water in the dam) increases with the depth.

5. In the experiment as shown in the figure below or related device work, mechanical energy is converted into internal energy is ().

A B C D

6. Balance, balance, thermometer and voltmeter are the basic measuring instruments commonly used in our experiments. The following four pictures show the operation and use of these four musical instruments by some students. One of the incorrect statements is ()

Adjust the balance to balance the beam, observe the length of the measured object, measure the temperature of water and measure the voltage between the two poles of the battery.

A B C D

7. There are eight kinds of substances, including plastic, glass, iron, salt water, rubber, charcoal, ceramics and wet wood. Xiaoli divides them into two categories, as shown in the following table. Then she classified the substances according to their physical properties ()

The first and second categories

Plastic, glass, rubber, ceramic brine, charcoal pen, iron, wet wood.

A. density B. magnetism C. conductivity D. specific heat capacity

The picture on the right shows the National Swimming Center built for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

"Water Cube", its transparent film "coat" is dotted with countless whites.

They are called "electroplating spots". When was the Beijing Olympic Games held?

In midsummer, "plating spots" can change the direction of light and block light from entering the scene.

Outside the museum. The main function of "plating point" to the outside sunlight is ()

A. reflect sunlight and follow the law of light reflection. B. Reflecting sunlight, not following the law of light reflection.

C. refract sunlight, following the refraction law of light. D. refract sunlight, not following the refraction law of light.

9. "Energy and environment" is a problem facing all countries in the world. All parts of our country are carrying out pilot projects of "resource-saving" and "environment-friendly" social construction. Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are pilot cities in our province. Protecting the environment and saving energy should start with me. What needs to be corrected in the following statement is ()

A get into the habit of turning off the tap and lights in time when people leave.

B. Replace electric water heaters with solar water heaters as much as possible.

C. Put the domestic garbage and waste batteries together in time and throw them into the dustbin.

D. Flush the toilet with face washing water and deliver waste newspapers, wine bottles, etc. Go to the waste collection station.

10. "New materials" are relative to traditional materials, and the use of new materials is playing an increasingly important role in promoting social progress. The following description of "new material" is wrong ()

A. "Superconducting materials", "semiconductor materials" and "nano materials" are all new materials.

B. "Superconducting materials" can be applied to any electrical appliance at room temperature and improve its efficiency.

C. "Nano-materials" refer to materials with nano-scale geometry and special properties.

D "Semiconductor materials" are widely used in components and chips of mobile phones, televisions and computers.

1 1. A row of iron bars with bowl mouth thickness and height of about 2 meters are inserted on both sides of the subgrade of Qinghai-Tibet Railway (pictured). We call it a hot bar. The hot rod is also buried 5 meters deep under the subgrade, and the whole rod body is hollow, and an appropriate amount of liquid ammonia is encapsulated inside. The working principle of the hot rod is very simple: when the subgrade temperature rises, liquid ammonia is heated to the upper end of the hot rod, and the heat is transferred to the air through the heat sink, so that the gaseous ammonia is cooled into liquid ammonia and sinks into the bottom of the rod. In this way, the hot rod is equivalent to a natural "refrigerator". This is one of the many innovative inventions of China scientific and technological personnel to solve the "Millennium Frozen Soil". Excuse me, what is the name of the state change of spaces in the text ()

A.① Vaporization ② Liquefaction B. ① Liquefaction ② Vaporization C. ① Sublimation ② Liquefaction D. ① Sublimation ② Sublimation ② Sublimation ② Sublimation.

12. As shown in the right circuit, when the switch S is closed, the voltmeter V displays the same number. The ammeters A 1 and A2 show the change of ().

A.a 1 becomes larger, A2 remains unchanged, B.A 1 remains unchanged, and A2 becomes smaller.

C.a 1 unchanged, A2 unchanged. D.A 1 becomes larger and A2 becomes smaller.

Second, this question 10 small questions, each small question 2 points, * * * 20 points. Fill the answer in the blank space of the horizontal line without writing out the solution process.

13. The Danish physicist Oster first discovered that there was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ around the current, and the British physicist Faraday first discovered that a part of the conductor of a closed circuit moved in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

075 16

0 8 4 0 2

14. The figures displayed in the window of Xiaoli watt-hour meter at the beginning and end of the month are as shown on the right. she

The electricity consumption at home this month is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kW? H, if the electricity bill is 1 kwh.

According to 0.6 yuan's calculation, her electricity bill this month is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yuan.

15. There is a submarine suspended in the water, as shown on the right. When part of the water in the water tank is discharged with compressed gas, the submarine will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (optional "floating" or "sinking"), and the buoyancy of the submarine will _ _ _ _ _ _.

16. The rumble of thunder in the distance indicates a possible heavy rain, which shows that sound can spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and surgeons can use ultrasonic vibration to crush stones in human body, which shows that sound waves can spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

17 June 6th is the national "Eye Care Day". The picture on the right shows two people.

When you look at an object, you should form a clear image on the retina.

Party A needs to wear _ _ _ _ _ glasses, and Party B needs to wear _ _ _ _ _ _ glasses.

I hope students can develop good eye habits. Jiayi

18. After school, the students play football on the court. Xiaoli kicked the ball out hard and felt a little pain in her feet. This is because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Football can continue to roll on the grass for a distance, because football has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

19. As shown on the right, an object weighs 500N, ignoring the pulley weight, rope weight and friction. To pull up this object, you need the _____N pulling force in Figure A and the _ _ _ N pulling force in Figure B. ..

The picture on the right shows the "Xiangyun" torch of the 2008 Olympic Games. The auspicious cloud pattern with a red appearance rises upward from the middle of the torch body, and the lower part of the torch body is sprayed with high-touch rubber paint, which can increase the size of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, making it difficult for people to hold it. The torch shell is made of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ smaller high-quality aluminum alloy, which is light and noble despite its large volume and small weight.

2 1. When doing the experiment of "exploring which factors are related to evaporation speed", Xiaoli divided it on two identical glass sheets.

Don't drop a drop of water, as shown in figure 1. Observing the scene in the picture, we can see that her main discussion is whether the evaporation speed is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Xiao Ming drops a drop of water on two identical pieces of glass with the same mass, as shown in Figure 2. Observing the scene in the picture, we can see that his main discussion is whether the evaporation speed is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Figure 1 Figure 2

22. On May 2, 2008 14: 28, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan, and large and small dammed lakes were formed everywhere. The State Council and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, concentrate on eliminating dangers everywhere. In the picture, the excavator is hoisted by Mi -26 heavy transport helicopter to the dam top of Tangjiashan dammed lake, the largest dammed lake. 1.2× 105N excavator is hung on the helicopter with wire rope. When the excavator is still suspended in the air, the Zhang Liwei of the wire rope on the excavator is _ _ _ _1.2×105n, and when the helicopter lifts the excavator at a constant speed of 1m/s, the Zhang Liwei of the wire rope on the excavator is _ _ _ _. (optional "greater than", "less than" or "equal to")

Third, draw, experiment and explore. This question is 8 small questions, ***40 points. Complete each question according to the specific requirements put forward by each question.

23.(6 points) Complete the following questions as required.

(1)(2 points) Draw a schematic diagram of gravity G on object A in Figure A. ..

(2)(2 points) Figure B shows the optical path of the incident light when it obliquely enters the water from the air. Please draw the refracted light corresponding to the incident light in the appropriate position in the picture.

(3)(2 points) Mark the "+"and "-"poles of the power supply according to the direction of the small magnetic needle in Figure C..

Figures a, b and c

24.(5 points) Xiaoli lives in the center of the city. Grandma thinks that the city is too hot to live in her house in summer, which has aroused her interest in exploring the reasons for the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. She used the weekend time to measure the temperature of each measuring point at the same time with her classmates at noon, and drew the "area-temperature" coordinate diagram as shown in the figure.

(1) From the figure, you find that the temperature of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is relatively high, which is the so-called "urban heat island effect".

(2) Please combine the data in the picture with your experience to find out a reason for the heat island effect: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

___________________________________________________。

(3) How to reduce the thermal pollution of the urban environment, please put forward a rationalization proposal: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

____________________________________________________________。

Resistance values of several metal conductors with a length of 1m and a cross-sectional area of lmm2 at 20℃

Conductor resistance r/ω

Copper 0.0 17

Aluminum 0.027

Iron 0.096

Nickel-chromium alloy l. 1

25.(6 points) Xiaoli wants to make her own sliding rheostat. The teacher provided her with several materials and related data, as shown in the table on the right. She should choose _ _ _ _ _ as the resistance wire, because under the same conditions, the resistance of this material is _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "larger" or "smaller"). AB and CD in the picture on the right are two resistance wires with the same thickness made of this material, and the relationship between conductor resistance and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ can be studied with the illustrated device.

26.(3 points) In order to explore which factors are related to the effect of pressure, Xiaoli did the experiment as shown in the following figure by controlling variables:

(a) lay a brick flat on the foam, (b) stack two bricks on the foam, and (c) place a brick vertically on the foam.

Observation and comparison of (a) and (b) show that the influence of pressure is related to _ _ _ _ _. By comparing figures (a) and (c)

The role of pressure is related to _ _ _ _ _ _. The control variable method can also be used to explore the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ experiment. (Fill in only one item)

27.(4 points) As shown on the right, in the experiment of studying "What factors are related to the voltage of the fruit battery", Xiaoli made a guess that the voltage of the fruit battery is related to different metal materials that make up the two electrodes. Please make two different guesses:

Conjecture 1: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Conjecture 2: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

28.(5 points) Pave materials with different roughness (such as towels, cotton cloth, boards, etc.). ) put it on a horizontal table and let the car slide down from the top of the stationary slope. The phenomenon of the three experiments is shown in the following figure, comparing the distance that the car moves along the horizontal plane.

First pass (towel surface), second pass (cotton surface) and third pass (wood surface)

Please observe the experimental phenomenon, think and answer:

(1) In order to draw a scientific conclusion, in the three experiments, the speed of the car when it moves to the bottom of the inclined plane is _ _ (choose "equal" or "unequal"), that is, the car should be released at _ _ _ _ _ _ on the inclined plane.

(2) In the three experiments, the maximum time of friction on the horizontal plane is _ _ _ _, which shows that the friction on the car is related to the _ _ _ _ _ of the contact surface.

(3) Further reasoning shows that if the horizontal plane is absolutely smooth (that is, the car is free from friction), the car will do _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

29.(5 points) Explore the relationship between fluid pressure and flow: As shown on the right, take two pieces of white paper, let them droop naturally in parallel, and blow hard on the two pieces of paper; The phenomenon you have observed is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The preliminary conclusions you can draw from this experiment are: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The picture on the right shows the car bought by Xiaoli's family. She found that the shape of a car is similar to the wing of an airplane, so the speed of air above the car is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the speed of air below the car, so the pressure of gas above the car is _ _ _ _ the pressure of gas below the car, which makes the car's pressure on the ground _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the gravity of the car. (optional "greater than", "equal to" or "less than")

30.(6 points) In the experiment of "Measuring bulb electric power with ammeter and voltmeter", the bulb was marked with the words "2.5V". Xiao Li designed the experimental circuit diagram, as shown in Figure A. She also connected some experimental circuits, as shown in Figure B.

As shown in the figure. (1) Please draw extra wires on Figure B to make it a complete experimental circuit. Requirements: When the slider P of the sliding rheostat slides to the right, the light bulb lights up. second

(2) Before connecting the circuit, the switch should be _ _ _ _ _ _; When it is confirmed that the circuit is connected correctly and ready to close the switch, the slider P of the sliding rheostat should be moved to the _ _ _ _ end (select "left" or "right").

(3) After connecting the experimental circuit, Xiaoli turned on the switch and found that the light bulb was not bright, the ammeter had no indication, and the voltmeter had indication and was close to the power supply voltage. Please help her analyze the possible causes of circuit failure: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) After troubleshooting, Xiaoli slides the rheostat to make the bulb glow normally. At this time, the pointer of the ammeter is as shown in Figure C, and the pointer is _ _ _ _ A, so the rated power of the light bulb is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ W. The third/third of ten days' work.

Four, comprehensive (* *16 points)

3 1.(4 points) In the circuit shown on the right, r1=10Ω, R2 = 20ω, after the switch is closed, the voltage is 6V, then

What is the reading of (1) ammeter?

(2) 2) What is the power consumption of R2 working for 5 minutes?

32.(5 minutes) On March 24th, 2008, the Beijing Olympic flame was successfully collected in Olympia, Greece, and began to be relayed in Greece. The picture shows China swimmer Luo Xuejuan holding the torch. If her speed in the torch relay is 2.5m/s, how long will it take to run 200m at this speed? The "Xiangyun" torch of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games in her hand is 72 cm long and 985 grams in mass. How strong is she to hold the torch?

33.(7 points) The forest is a huge natural "oxygen bar" because green plants can release a lot of oxygen under photosynthesis. In order to measure the ability of plants on the earth's surface to absorb solar energy, Xiaoming did the following experiment: put 6kg of water in a washbasin, [the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2× 103J/(kg? ℃)]。 The surface area of water is 0. 1m2, and the temperature rises 1℃ when the sun shines vertically for l5min. Please calculate:

(1) How much heat did 6 kg of water absorb in the experiment?

(2) If the ability of surface plants to receive solar energy is equal to that of water, how many joules of solar energy do green plants receive per square meter per second?

(3) How many liters of oxygen can a 100m2 green space release per second? (Suppose that the solar energy absorbed by green plants under photosynthesis can release 0.05L of oxygen per l03J. )

Hengyang city in 2008 junior high school graduation exam

Physical reference answers and grading standards

First, multiple-choice questions (2 points × 12=24 points)

1.D 2。 B 3。 A 4。 B 5。 A six. A seven. C 8。 A nine. C 10。 B

1 1.A 12。 A

II. Fill in the blanks (2 points × 10=20 points)

13. Magnetic field cutting magnetic induction line 14.88.6 53.2

15. Floating unchanged 16. Information energy

17. concave passes through convex.

18. The forces are mutual, and the feet are subjected to the inertia or kinetic energy of the ball.

19.500 N 250 N 20。 Friction density

2 1. liquid temperature. The surface area of the liquid 22. Equal to equal to.

Three, drawing, experiment and inquiry (***40 points)

23.(6 points) (1) The center of gravity is 1 and the vertical point is 1.

(2) The incident angle meter with refraction angle less than 65438 0 point and the arrow and solid line meter at 65438 0 point.

(3) Mark the "+"and "-"poles of the power supply, and get 2 points.

24.(5 points) (1) Urban area

(2)① Most of the city centers are cement roads and buildings, with low specific heat and rising temperature;

(2) Urban cars emit a lot of exhaust gas; (Write a reasonable score of 2 points)

(3) Build more green spaces in the city center. (2 points)

25.(6 points) (2 points per space) Nickel-chromium alloy has a long length.

26.(3 points) (1 minute per space) Relationship between current, voltage and resistance of conductor with stress area under pressure.

27.(4 points) (2 points for each guess)

① The voltage of fruit battery is related to the type of fruit;

② The voltage of fruit battery is related to the distance between two electrodes;

③ The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the depth of the two electrodes inserted into the fruit;

④ The voltage of the fruit battery is related to the size of the fruit. (As long as the guess is reasonable, 2 points each)

28.(5 points) (each air separation) (1) is equal to the same height (2) and a uniform straight line (3) with roughness.

29.(5 points) (65438+ 0 point per grid) Two pieces of paper will be close together. The greater the gas velocity, the smaller the pressure.

Less than less than

30.(6 points) (1 min) as shown in the figure (1 min)

(2) Disconnect (1 point) the left side (1 point)

(3) The bulb is open (1)

(4)0.3( 1) 0.75( 1)

Four, comprehensive (* *16 points)

3 1.(4 points) Solution: (1) Current through R 1

............................ (2 points)

(2) Electric energy consumed by resistor R2:

.................... (2 points)

32.(5 points) Solution: (1) According to ........................ (2 points).

Gravity of the torch (2 points),

F = g = 9.85n Newton ................................... (2 points)

33.(7 points) Solution: (1) According to ……………………………… (1minute).

... (2 points)

(2) Let the solar energy absorbed by green plants per square meter be Q 1.

Then q1= ........................... (2 points)

(3) Let 100㎡ green space absorb solar energy per second as follows:

Q Total =100q1=100× 280j = 2.8×104J .................. (1min).

Therefore, the amount of oxygen released by 100㎡ green space per second is:

..................... (1 min)