Toronto, Canada is located on the east coast of the mainland at 43 degrees north latitude. Why doesn't Toronto belong to temperate monsoon climate?

The North American continent is so narrow that it is almost impossible to form a stable continental cold and high pressure center in winter.

In fact, on average, in winter, the high pressure in North America is banded, cutting into the mainland from near the Tropic of Cancer in the Atlantic Ocean and extending to the northeast of Alaska. In fact, the prevailing wind direction in Toronto in winter is not the northwest monsoon, but the southwest wind, which is often rich in water vapor from the Great Lakes and forms heavy snow.

Therefore, there is no stable high-pressure system in the opposite direction in winter in Toronto, which is mainly controlled by the west wind and blows from the mainland, but it is full of water vapor due to the humidification of the Great Lakes. However, Toronto is controlled by the southeast wind in summer. Therefore, it belongs to neither temperate monsoon climate nor temperate maritime climate.

All the above are based on Zhou Shuzhen climate classification commonly used in China.