Ying Zheng, First Qin Emperor of Songshan Island: The First Emperor of China and the Founding Emperor of the Qin Dynasty.

Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng, surnamed Zhao, also known as Zhao. He was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao. A famous politician, reformer and strategist in the history of China, the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty who unified China, the son of Wang Xiang of Qinzhuang, acceded to the throne at the age of thirteen and proclaimed himself emperor at the age of thirty-nine. He reigned for 37 years. Qin Shihuang established a system, the central government implemented three public officials and nine officials, and the local government abolished the enfeoffment system, replacing it with the county system, unifying words and weights and measures, attacking Xiongnu in the north, invading Baiyue in the south, and building the Great Wall of Wan Li. It pushed China into the era of unification, created a new situation of autocratic centralization, had a far-reaching impact on China and world history, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years. Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the first emperor in the ages". Qin Shihuang's name was Ying Zheng, the son of King Zhuang of Qin. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, he succeeded to the State of Qin, then destroyed the six countries and unified China, and was called the first emperor. He was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He reigned for 25 years, 12 years, and died at the age of 49. Buried in Yili. Qin Shihuang, who won the surname, was a famous minister. Born in Zhao, also known as Wang Xiang, son of Qin Zhuang. In 246 BC, Ying Zheng, who was only 13 years old, inherited the exclusive right to poison the king of Qin from the prime minister and empress Xuan. In 238 BC, while he was away, he mobilized the army to rebel. He crushed the rebellion, killed the virus and imprisoned the Queen Mother. The following year, Lv Buwei was dismissed from his post. Later, Lv Buwei was forced to kill people, and Liao Wei and Li Si were appointed. Since then, Ying Zheng has inherited a series of policies of reform, innovation and encouragement of agricultural war since Qin Xiaogong. Then, Ying Zheng adopted the strategy of Reese and others, bought off the ministers of the six Kanto countries with a large sum of money, alienated their relationship between monarch and minister, and made friends with them. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year 10, six countries, namely Korea, Wei, Chu, Yan, Zhao and Qi, perished one after another, ending hundreds of years of separatist wars since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and establishing the first unified feudal central government in the history of China. After seizing power and unifying the world, he created the title of "Emperor", called himself the first emperor, and declared that his descendants were called II, III and even eternity, imagining that the rule of the Qin Dynasty could last forever. All state affairs are decided by the emperor, and important central and local officials are appointed and removed by the emperor. The central government implements the system of "three publics and nine secrets". Subsequently, Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system since Shang and Zhou dynasties and implemented the county system. On the basis of the original laws of Qin, he absorbed some provisions of the laws of six countries and formulated and promulgated unified laws. Move the nobles of the former six countries to Guanzhong and Bashu to prevent their separatist activities. Economically, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business was implemented to promote the development of feudal private ownership of land. During the thirty-one years of the emperor's reign, landlords and peasants who occupied land were recognized and protected by the government as long as they declared the amount of land and paid taxes. According to the system of weights and measures formulated by Shang Yang, the system of weights and measures was unified throughout the country. In order to develop the national land and water transportation, Qin's "half Liang" money was used as the currency, and the "same car" was implemented, and the Chidao and the area from Xianyang to Yanqi and the straight road from Xianyang to Jiuyuan were built. Five-foot road was built in the southwest, and a lingqu connecting Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River was dug. In terms of culture and ideology, seal script was formed.

In the same year, General Meng Tian led an army to attack the Xiongnu in the north, recovered the Hetao area in Inner Mongolia today, and moved the capital to the mainland to build a city. By the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the number of counties in Qin increased from 36 at the beginning of reunification to more than 40, making Qin's territory extend to the sea in the east, west to Longxi, north to the Great Wall and south to Xiangjun. During the reign of Ying Zheng, hard labor and severe punishment were practiced. In addition to paying two-thirds of the harvest tax, the people have to bear heavy corvee and military service. He recruited more than 700,000 people and built the luxurious Epang Palace and the tomb of Mount Li in the south of Weishui. He also recruited farmers to connect the original Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan, extending from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east. This is the Great Wall of Wan Li. It is a great project in ancient China and the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of the working people in ancient China. At that time, more than 6.5438+0.5 million people were conquered for military service and forced labor. Not enough men or even women were arrested to pay their rations. Many people were tortured to death. In order to prevent the people from resisting, he ordered the collection and destruction of civilian weapons, and also stipulated that one person should be sentenced to death and his relatives should be executed. This is the so-called "family massacre". A family breaks the law and neighbors are guilty of the same crime. This is called "sitting together". At any time, people may be accused of breaking the law, sentenced to hard labor, or beheaded, nose cut and executed. Criminals escorted to the government abound. Zheng was overjoyed and lavish. During the reign of 12, he made five large-scale cruises and carved stones along the way to show his immortal achievements. In order to seek immortality, alchemist Xu Fu sent thousands of boys and girls to the East China Sea to find immortals. It consumes huge financial and human resources and deepens people's suffering. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, due to the tyranny of Ying Zheng, class contradictions intensified and a small-scale peasant uprising appeared. In 2 10 BC, Ying Zheng's last military parade was accompanied by Prime Minister Reese, CRRC Fuling Zhao Gao and his favorite youngest son Hu Hai. He crossed the Qiantang River and arrived in Wuzhong, Huiji County. On the way back, I fell ill in Pingyuan Tianjin. On the sand dunes, the illness turned to safety. Knowing that he was dying, he ordered Reese and Zhao Gao to draft letters and give them to his eldest son, Fu Su, urging Fu Su to rush back to Xianyang immediately to preside over the funeral. When Reese drafted the imperial edict and submitted it to Ying Zheng for review, Ying Zheng was already dead. Because Fu Su discouraged Ying Zheng from burying Confucianism, he was exiled to Beijing by Qin Shihuang and sent to Mengtian, Shang Jun as a prison. Zhao Gao and Meng have been at odds, fearing that Fu Su's succession and Meng's reuse would be bad for him, so he withheld the testamentary edict and conspired with Hu Hai to usurp the throne. He forced Reese to collude with them, forged his will, accused Fu Su of not being able to make meritorious deeds outside, but resented his father and ordered him and Meng Tian to commit suicide. Meng Tian was suspicious and refused to commit suicide. Fu Su was loyal and believed it, so he committed suicide. Zhao Gao kept it a secret, put Ying Zheng's body in the car, closed the door and pulled the curtain on the car, so that officials thought that Qin Shihuang was still alive and typed this book outside the car every day; While leading the brigade to drive the corpse truck back to Xianyang. Due to the hot weather, the body rotted and stinked. Zhao Gao sent someone to pick up a batch of abalone, and each car ordered a stone of abalone to confuse the body odor. Then he sent out obituary and made Hu Hai emperor. Qin Shihuang is the floorboard of Ying Zheng, the first emperor in history. Since ancient times, the evaluation of Qin Shihuang has been mixed. However, looking at Qin Shihuang's life, it played a great role in promoting the development of China's history. He is a successful emperor in the history of China, and his contribution is indelible.