Interpretation of ancient poems

On May 19, it rained heavily in Liuji.

The wind drives the heavy rain to sprinkle the high city, and the cloud presses the thunder lightly. I don't know where the dragon went after the rain, and a pool of grass was full of frogs.

Appreciation: This poem vividly depicts the natural scene before and after the thunderstorm which is unique in summer. The first two sentences try to describe the momentum of heavy rain: dark clouds overwhelm the city, the wind and rain suddenly, lightning and thunder, and heavy rain pours. The last two sentences describe the scene after the rain cleared: after the thunderstorm, the grass became greener, the pond rose and frogs croaked.

Liu Hua Zhang Hongfan

The scarlet pouch is dyed crimson, and Lv Yun's pile moistens the fragrance. The bumblebee mistakenly thought that the branch was on fire and rushed over the low wall.

Appreciation: In summer, pomegranate flowers are extremely bright red, and the green branches are covered with red. Even the bees made a mistake, thinking that the branches were on fire, and quickly flew over the low wall while the wind was still blowing. Use the "mistaken identity" of bees to contrast the beauty of Liu Hua in summer, and write with humor.

See Yuan Mei.

Cowboys ride on the backs of oxen, and songs echo in the forest. Suddenly want to catch the song of the tree, immediately stop singing and stand by the tree silently.

Appreciation: The weather is hot and cicadas in the forest are noisy. In order to catch cicadas, the shepherd boy suddenly stopped singing for fear of scaring cicadas. Show the weather characteristics in summer and the innocence and cuteness of the shepherd boy to the fullest.

Akira Yamanaka explains Hideyoshi

Deep in the mountains in June, the wind blows cold on the clothes. From a distance, in the city, fire and dust are flying on the face.

Watching moonlight by the river.

Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide.

Rudder (Yan) travels thousands of miles with the waves, and there is no moon on the river!

The river flows around diàn, and the flowers and trees in the moonlight are like Xi à n.

Frost flows in the air, you can't fly, but you can't see the white sand on the pavilion.

There is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a lonely moon in the sky.

Who saw the moon by the river for the first time? When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year?

Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar year after year.

I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River delivering water.

The white clouds have gone, and Qingfeng is at a loss.

Who will go boating tonight? Where do you miss Mingyue Building?

Poor people wander upstairs for the moon, so they should leave someone to fill the mirror.

The curtain of the jade pot can't be rolled up, but the anvil (zhēn) was brushed up (a "finger") and returned.

At this time, I don't know each other. I hope China will shine on you every month.

Hongyan flies in the sky, and fish Long Qian jumps in the water.

Last night, I dreamed that the idle pool had fallen, and the poor spring had not returned.

In spring, the river flows away, and the river falls in the moon and the west (for rhyme, so read xiá).

Oblique (this is the first sentence, so it doesn't rhyme, so read xié) the moon is full of sea fog, and (pronounced jié) the poem xiaoxiang is infinite.

I don't know how many people return to the moon, and the moon (a kind of "flower") shakes the trees all over the river.

Cut plums

Li Qingzhao

Red lotus root is fragrant and jade is lingering in autumn. I can untie Luo Shang and go to the Dutch boat alone.

Who sent the brocade book, the word geese returned, and the moon was full of the West Building.

Flowers from Shui Piao to water, a kind of acacia, two places of leisure.

There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.

It's hard to go.

Lipper

There are 1000 bottles of sake, 10,000 coins of jade plates.

I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.

I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.

I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.

It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, a lot of roads, and today's safety.

One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.

Invite for a drink

Lipper

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?

Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?

Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .

Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.

Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .

Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.

Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.

What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.

The sober and sage of the old days were forgotten, and only the drinker kept his name.

Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners

Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .

Five flower horses, golden jubilee, give them to boys in exchange for good wine, and I will share with you the sorrow of the ages.

Climb the balcony

Du Fu

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.

Leave an idea

Yuan Zhen

Once I tasted the vast sea, I felt that the water in other places was pale; Once you have experienced the clouds in Wushan, you feel that the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.

Hurried through the flowers, lazy to look back; This reason is partly because of the ascetic monk, and partly because of who you used to be.

Seven step poem

Cao zhi

Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the pot.

We are born from the same root. What's the hurry?

Yanmen satrap

Li he

Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.

In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.

The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.

I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.

gum arabic

When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches.

People who want to miss them collect more, and Mix red beans have attracted people's attention.

Persuasive learning

Yan Zhenqing

Night light, five chickens,

It's time for men to read.

Black hair didn't know to study hard,

Bai Shoufang regrets studying late.

Common sense of ancient poetry:

1. rhyme: rhyming words at the end of a verse sentence, such as the moonlight in front of Li Bai's "Thinking of a Quiet Night", are there already frost? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. The land of light and frost is rhyme.

2. Rhyme: Poetry rhymes to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. For example, Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking" uses rhyme.

3. The structure of metrical poems: * * eight sentences, with one or two sentences as the head couplet, three or four sentences as the parallel couplet, five or six sentences as the neck couplet and seven or eight sentences as the tail couplet.

4. The rhythm and rhythm of ancient poetry:

Judging from the sentence pattern, the four words of ancient poetry are generally two and two; Five words are two, two and one; These seven characters are two, two, two, one,

In a sense, sometimes there are special circumstances due to ideographic needs, such as: Shila | Wuyue | Gai | Chicheng, and this is it.

Two, two, one, two

Because there are no punctuation marks in ancient poems (punctuation marks were added by later generations), one line is one sentence.

[Edit this paragraph] Two poetic sentences in middle school textbooks

On the Style of Ancient Poetry —— Also on the Two Poetic Styles in Middle School Textbooks

There are many styles of ancient poems in China, and there are different views on the classification and appellation of ancient poems. Especially for Yuefu, ancient style and ballad poetry, it is even more confusing. Because, from the formal point of view, Yuefu style and ancient style are both five-character styles, and seven-character ancient poems and ancient songs are all seven-character styles, so it is difficult to distinguish them. But since ancient times, people have unanimously recognized their differences in content, technique and style, and established their names.

In the second topic "Discussion and Practice" of Five Poems of Grade Eight (Volume II) published by People's Education Press, it is said that "The hut was blown down by autumn wind" and "A song to bid farewell to the field in the snow-secretary Wu goes home" are all poems with free form, fluent language and unrestrained style. Please talk about the similarities and differences between these two poems from the aspects of sentence pattern, narration and lyricism. "

The ninth grade (1) knowledge composition "How to read" said: "Du Fu's" Shi Qu Guan "has a wide meter, which is called ancient style ..."

The name here doesn't conform to the habit. People used to call Du Fu's Caotang "an ancient poem with seven words", while Cen Can's Bai Xuege was called "a poem with seven words". The editor also clearly saw the difference between the two poems, so this problem arose. Although Du Fu's "Three Officials and Three Farewells" are all five-character poems, people are used to calling Shi Hao officials "new Yuefu" instead of "ancient style". In order to understand this problem, it is necessary to make a brief review of the style of China's ancient poems.

China's earliest poetic style was The Book of Songs with four characters, and then the Chu Ci style represented by Qu Yuan's Li Sao (also known as Sao Style Poetry) appeared, which lengthened sentence patterns with the conjunction "zhi" and the modal particle "xi", such as "Xi, the descendant of Emperor Levin" (Li Sao) and "Wu Gexi is wearing a rhinoceros armour". Therefore, The Book of Songs and Songs of the South became the source of China's poems.

In the Han Dynasty, Yuefu, an organization specialized in collecting all kinds of poems and songs, appeared, and the most influential one it collected was folk poems, which we can still see today. Its biggest feature is strong reality, popular and lively, and its form is mainly five words. For example, the long songs in the eighth grade (1) textbook and "Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall" and "Joining the Army in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" in the high school textbook are authentic Han Yuefu. The content and style of Yuefu folk songs in Han dynasty influenced the poetry creation of literati at that time and later generations. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were 19 ancient poems representing the maturity of literati's five-character poems, which absorbed many characteristics of Yuefu folk songs and promoted the development of ancient poetry. Especially in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, the development and evolution of Han Yuefu formed two main forms.

One is "Ancient Yuefu" (also called "Old Yuefu"), which was created by literati with simulation. It borrows the title of Han Yuefu and writes new contents, just like old bottles and new wine, such as Cao Cao's Out of Xiamen (Part VII), Yang Jiong's Joining the Army and Li He's Wild Goose Gate. The characteristics of these poems are that although they follow the theme of Han Yuefu, the content is new and related to the original theme, such as "joining the army" related to military affairs, and "wild goose gate satrap" related to frontier fortress. The content of literati's quasi-Yuefu changed from narrative to lyrical in Han Dynasty. In terms of form and technique, it draws lessons from its vulgarity and elegance, adds literati color and improves artistic taste. Ancient Yuefu has two forms: five words and seven words. Seven-word Yuefu, an ancient poem, was first seen in Cao Pi's Ge Yan Xing in the Three Kingdoms Period, and it was not until Bao Zhao in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties that he wrote Quasi Difficult Travel (18) and so on. Yuefu poems can be sung, and the seven-character Yuefu style is mainly chanting. In terms of content and length, it is generally long, and it is like flowing water when chanting. It can freely change the rhythm, making its content changeable, its structure turning, its momentum magnificent and its feelings colorful. This kind of poetic style is suitable for carrying large ideological content and expressing warm feelings. It not only has the characteristics of popularity and liveliness in ancient Yuefu, but also focuses on expressing the voices of literati. Its form is mainly seven-character sentence pattern, and the miscellaneous words are colorful and cadenced, so people also call it "Gexing Style".

The other is mainly to learn from the narrative-oriented, realistic content characteristics and simple and popular expression characteristics of Han Yuefu to reflect the social reality at that time and attract people's attention to society. It no longer borrows the original name of Han Yuefu, but is named according to the different contents of the event. The so-called "life-threatening, hard to see." In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu was concerned about state affairs and reflected the social reality before and after the Anshi Rebellion with his pen. He wrote many such poems, such as Chedian (high school), Sanguan (Tongguan official, Xin 'an official and Shihao official) and Sanbie, which mainly inherited the tradition of Han Yuefu in essence. Later, Yuan Jie, Gu Kuang and other poets also wrote such poems. In the middle Tang Dynasty, realistic poets such as Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, in order to save the decline of the country at that time, used their own poems to reflect the shortcomings of social reality, so as to attract the attention of the rulers, vigorously advocated these poetic forms of Du Fu and Yuan Jie, and launched the "New Yuefu Movement" with the title of "New Yuefu". They themselves have written many "new Yuefu", with five or seven sentences in form. For example, Bai Juyi's "Looking at Wheat Cutting" (Part 9), selling charcoal Weng, Xinfeng folding arm Weng and Du Lingcuo are all narrative and popular "new Yuefu style". Answer in the Bamboo Grove said: "Ancient poetry and Yuefu have been divided since the Han and Wei Dynasties. Yuefu syllables don't pass on, and the Tang people borrow old topics and new meanings every time. At least Ling doesn't attack old topics, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", which are really Yuefu. " (Continuation of Poems in Qing Dynasty, 2225 pages, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983) Briefly points out the characteristics of new Yuefu poems.

There is another situation in literati's study of Han Yuefu, which mainly introduces the characteristics of Yuefu poetry into lyric ancient poems, reflecting the characteristics different from the previous five-character ancient poems. The representative work is Li Bai's "Ancient Style" (58 poems). From the formal point of view, "ancient style" is no different from five-character ancient poetry, but the lyrical content and way are different. When answering the difference between Yuefu and classical poetry in Zhao Zhixin's Yinpu in Qing Dynasty, he said: "There is a great difference between sound and emotion, and it takes more than half a minute to understand it here." (Qing Shihua 132, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1963) "Sound and emotion" refers to the difference in content, emotion and charm. "Ou Bei Shi Hua" further pointed out: "Beggars' Yuefu is more committed to women's thoughts, and violets are deeper than Yuefu, so they can also inspire couples to bid farewell to the injured. However, they are all subtle and ancient ... they are short and meaningful, leaving a legacy of national style directly. Shaoling has no such taste. " It can be seen that Du Fu's "new Yuefu" is different from Li Bai's "ancient style", although both are influenced by "Han Yuefu". In the collection of Tang poems, there are very few directly labeled "ancient style". "Ancient Style", "Five Words Ancient Style" and "New Yuefu" are free in form and don't talk about meter, so there is no problem of "wide meter".

There are also two situations when the seven-character song style developed to the Tang Dynasty. Because "metrical poetry" appeared in the Tang Dynasty (also called "modern poetry" to distinguish it from "ancient poetry" that didn't talk about metrical poetry before), one kind deliberately introduced some syntax and techniques of metrical poetry into ancient poetry, and the other kind deliberately avoided it. Traditionally, people refer to the former as "Seven-character Song Style" and the latter as "Seven-character Ancient Poems".

On the basis of inheriting the magnificent poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, some poets in the early Tang Dynasty tried to introduce the sentence patterns and antithesis of seven-character rhythmic poems into their singing style, resulting in such famous works as Lu's Ancient Meaning Chang 'an, Luo's Poems on the Palace and Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River, which are magnificent in length and momentum, and their scattered sentences are mixed with metrical and antithesis, reflecting the vast society. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Gao Shi and others wrote a large number of frontier poems on this theme, such as Gao Shi's Travel, Cen's Bai Xuege Farewell to Wu Gui (eight times) and Ben Ma He Song Farewell to Feng, the general of the Western Expedition (nine times). These poems give full play to the characteristics of "early Tang style", with rich and magnificent content, unrestrained feelings, magnificent images, diverse techniques and unique language. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others incorporated narrative elements into this style and wrote such famous works as Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Story. Seven-character quatrains have made new progress. Until the early Qing Dynasty, Wu (No.Meicun) wrote Yuan Yuan Qu, He Yong Palace Ci, Xiao Shi Qing Men Qu, and Listening to the Female Taoist Bian Yujing Playing the Piano in this poetic style. He praised history with poems, paid more attention to skills in form, used colorful words, and formed a colorful and changeable artistic style, which was beautiful and touching, and even sung in seven words. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Wang Guowei and others had written poems such as The Summer Palace Ci in this style.

On the other hand, poets such as Du Fu and Han Yu consciously avoid the syntactic sentences of the seven-character Yuefu physical rhythm poems to reflect the quaint and simple style characteristics, and often adopt loose sentences and three-level endings (such as "San Mao", "Changlinding", "Sink Pool" and "Sigh"). In terms of content and style, this kind of poetry is often based on realistic themes and deep and depressed feelings, which is different from the rich romantic color of the previous kind of songs. However, it pays attention to the grandeur of content, the boldness and agitation of momentum and emotion, and the changeable structural transition, which conforms to the overall characteristics of the seven-character style. For example, Du Fu's Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage (eight times), Li Yi's Going to the Temple of Heaven to See the Sea at Night, Han Yu's Mountain Rock, Lu Tong's Poem of Eclipse, Mid-Autumn Festival Giving Zhang and Hengshan Temple Stopping, I'm going to write this poem at the gatehouse, and I'm going to urge you to send new tea, etc., all have such characteristics, which are customarily called.

There are many discussions about the difference between seven-character quatrains and seven-character ancient poems. In Liu Xizai's poems, the characteristics of these two types are divided into: "There are seven ancient poems, which can be said to be nearly two ancient poems. Close to the body, parallel, harmonious, beautiful and smooth; The ancient style is simple, awkward, thin and energetic. One is handsome and the other is muscular. This is the difference between Qi Liang and Han Wei, which is why the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty are different. " (Continued on page 2436 of Qing Shi Hua) The "ancient" here refers to the seven-character ancient style similar to the "autumn wind breaking the thatched cottage song", which inherits the simple and substantial characteristics of ancient poems in Han and Wei Dynasties; "Jin" refers to the seven-character swan song style developed from the "early Tang style" and inherits the ingenious and beautiful characteristics of the Qi and Liang Dynasties. It can be said that this is the fruit of two different flavors on the big tree of seven-character Yuefu poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.

The above is probably the basic overview of China's ancient poetry, which, together with the modern poetry with strict meter in the Tang Dynasty, has become the basic form of China's ancient poetry.

There are many classic poems in Runwu. This is the case with ancient poetry.

Ancient poetry is one of the cultural heritages of Chinese medicine. I hope you don't forget! Analysis: It vividly expresses the heat in summer, the shade in the mountains and the heat in the city.