Where is the hometown of osmanthus fragrans in China?

Xianning is located in the hinterland of central China, bordering northern Jiangxi in the east, Xiaoxiang in the south, Jingchu in the west and Wuhan in the north. Xianning Mountain is an important channel connecting the north and the south. Xianning has beautiful scenery, pleasant scenery and rich products. Osmanthus fragrans ranks first in China, bamboo is famous in China, ramie is famous in Jingchu, and tea sells well in Europe and America, enjoying the reputation of "hometown of Osmanthus fragrans" in China.

Xianning is an ancient and magical land. Unearthed cultural relics prove that in the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago, people lived and multiplied here, creating a splendid ancient civilization. The appellation of Xianning originated in the fourth year of Jingdezhen in Song Zhenzong (1007). Before that, Xianning changed its name several times. Six years ago (20 1 year ago), it was called Shaxian (easy to move). In 554, the imperial edict of Emperor Liang Yuan was Shazhou, and the great cause of Yang Di the Great (605-6 17) was Jiangxia. In 768, Dali, Tang Daizong was called Yong 'an for three years. The fourth year in Jingdezhen, Song Zhenzong (1007). In order to avoid the taboo of Yong 'an Ling, Yi ..

Xianning has a long history and outstanding people. In this fertile soil, many people with lofty ideals have been bred and many touching stories have been interpreted. Xianning people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the revolutionary struggle under the leadership of China * * * Production Party, countless revolutionary ancestors shed their heads and shed their blood, wave upon wave, defending this beautiful mountain and river with blood and life, and established immortal feats.

Xianning is now under the jurisdiction of Ezhou in Sui Dynasty, and later it was placed in Jiangzhou (Jiujiang) in the east and Jingzhou in the west. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was placed under Wuchang Prefecture. In the Republic of China, Jianghan Road was attached first, and then the first administrative supervision area was attached. 1949, Xianning (now Xian 'an), Tongcheng, Chongyang, Tongshan, Yangxin belongs to Daye District, Liyang. The other four counties belong to Xiaogan District. Tongshan was revoked and merged into Chongyang in 1958, and the original county system was restored in 1959. After the cancellation of Xiaogan District 1959, the counties under its jurisdiction were transferred to Wuhan City. Tongcheng was abandoned and 1960 was merged into Chongyang. Cancel Jiayu and merge into Wuchang; Puyin was abolished and merged into Xianning. 196 1, restore the original county system. In the same year, Xiaogan District was re-established. Except Yangxin, other counties still belong to Xiaogan District. 1965 Xianning district was established, which governs Xianning, Jiayu, Puyin, Tongcheng, Chongyang, Tongshan, Yangxin and Sun Yicheng. Wuchang. 1975 Wuchang was incorporated into Wuhan. 1979 Hubei is included in Huanggang area. 1983 Xianning county changed to city. 1985 puyin county changed to city. 1997 Puyin City was renamed chibi city. In the same year, Yangxin County was included in Huangshi City. +.55438.66666666666

Historical evolution of Xianning city

Xianning has a long history. Xianning belonged to Jingzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties and Chu in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period. In the 23rd year of Qin Dynasty (224 BC), Chu was divided into four counties, and Xianning was a southern county. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu belonged to Jiangxia County. In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376), Xianning belonged to Wuchang House, the chief secretary of Huguang. The government of the Republic of China abandoned Taoism. Xianning belongs to Jianghan Road, Hubei Province. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), it belonged to the Commissioner's Office of the Southern Hubei Administrative Office, the first administrative inspection area of Hubei Province. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the administrative divisions have changed several times. Before 1952, Jiayu and Chibi belonged to Mianyang area, and the rest belonged to Daye area. 1952 and then merged into Huanggang and Xiaogan, and Xianning District was established separately. 199865438+In February, Xianning District was revoked with the approval of the State Council, and Xianning City was formally established in March. Jurisdiction over Xian 'an District, Jiayu County, chibi city, Tongcheng County, Chongyang County and Tongshan County.

Xianning has a glorious tradition of revolutionary struggle. Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty and Chen Youliang in the late Yuan Dynasty all used Xianning as a military base. Li Zicheng and Zhang, the leaders of peasant uprisings in the late Ming Dynasty, had fought in Xianning, Jiayu, Chibi, Tongcheng and Tongshan. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom generals Shi Dakai and Li Xiucheng sent troops to southern Hubei; The battle between Tingsi Bridge and Hesheng Bridge in Xianning wiped out Wu's main force and won a decisive victory in the Northern Expedition. During the revolutionary war led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), it was one of the revolutionary bases in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, and Soviet regimes were established in all counties.

Xian 'an District

Xian 'an District has a long history. Yong 'an County was established in the 13th year of Baota in the Southern Tang Dynasty (955), and it was renamed Xianning County in the 4th year of Jingde in the Northern Song Dynasty (1007). During the first revolutionary civil war, the Northern Expeditionary Army attacked Tingsi Bridge and Hesheng Bridge, defeating the main force of Beiyang warlord Wu. After 5438+0927, it became a part of the revolutionary base area of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, and the Soviet government was established in the red area east of the 000000606 railway. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, counties such as Hubei, Chongpu and Tongyang in Wuxian County were established in the marginal mountainous areas. After liberation in May, the county people's government was established. 10 month, changed to Xianning city. Xian 'an District of Xianning City was established in March .55438+0984.

Jiayu county

Jiayu, formerly known as Shayangbao, is located in the south of a large sandbar in the Yangtze River, also known as Shayangzhou. Xia, Shang and Zhou belong to Jingzhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States belong to Chu, and Qin belongs to Nanjun. Shaxian County was established in the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 BC1year) and belonged to it. In the 11th year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (953), Yueshan in the northwest was ruled by the county and was rich in "Jiayu". In the first year of the Republic of China (1932), it belonged to the first administrative supervision area. After liberation on May 25th, 195 1 was changed to Daye area 1952 and Xiaogan area1959,65438. /kloc-0 merged into Wuchang county in April, 1960, and belonged to Wuhan city; In June, 196 1, Xiaogan District was restored and owned. In June, 196 1, 1 1, it was renamed Jiayu county and belonged to Xiaogan area. Xianning area was built in May 1965 and belongs to today.

chibi city

Chibi belonged to Jingzhou in ancient times. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1 BC), it belonged to Shaxian County. In the second year of the Three Kingdoms (AD 223), Sun Jun was located near Xiliang Lake, where there were many grasses, hence the name Chibi. In the seventh year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 633), the county magistrate moved from Luxichuan to the present, and administered Xiuchuan. 46660.6666686666 1

Historically, there have been three great battles in Chibi. In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (208), Battle of Red Cliffs occurred on the northwest bank of Chibi (now Chibi Town, chibi city). In the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1854), in March, the battle between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolutionary Army and the Qing Xiang Army took place in Yanglou Temple, an important town in China. In August of the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), the Northern Expedition Revolutionary Army and Beiyang Army fought at Tiehaipo, Tingsiqiao (now Quankou Town, Chibi). During the Agrarian Revolution, Chibi was the revolutionary base in the border area of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi. The Central County Committee of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi is located in the Central Ping of Chibi. 65438+September 8, 20927, autumn harvest in southern Hubei.

Tongcheng county

Tongcheng, also known as Juan for short. Zhou is the land of Chu, and Qin belongs to Nanjun. Tongcheng County was founded in Xining, Song Shenzong for five years (1072). 1949 after its establishment, People's Republic of China (PRC) was subordinate to Hubei Daye Commissioner's Office and 1952 Xiaogan Commissioner's Office. Hexian county, Chongyang county. 1960 1 belongs to Wuhan. 196 1 Futongcheng County,1February, still belongs to Xiaogan Commissioner's Office. After August +0965, it belongs to Xianning Commissioner's Office.

Chongyang county

The hometown of Chongyang, Xiajun, was established in the early Western Han Dynasty. In the second year of Tang Tianbao (AD 743), it was changed to Tangnian County; In the Five Dynasties, Wu changed the Tang Dynasty to Zongyang; Chongyang County was first named in the eighth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 975), and it has been more than a thousand years. Chongyang county is one of the old revolutionary areas in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi. From 1924 to 1949, the proletarian revolutionaries and leading comrades of the older generation, such as Peng and Luo Ronghuan, successively organized and led the revolutionary struggle in Chongyang, and established Zhongyang Special Branch in 10, and Zhongyang County Committee in February of the same year. 1927, the first revolutionary armed force in the county-Chongyang County Peasant Self-Defense Force was established. This branch is represented by Luo Ronghuan and headed by Ye Reopen.

Tongshan county

Tongshan Zhou belongs to Chu, Qin belongs to Nan County, Han County and Jiangxia County. Later dynasties were subordinate to Jiangxia County, Wuchang County, Ezhou, Wuchang Army, Yuezhou and Wuqing Army, and governed Runguang, Yangxin, Yongxing and Fuchuan counties. In the second year of Song Gande (AD 946), Tongshan County set up two towns, Toarey Yang and Qingshan. Xingguo Prefecture and Wuchang Prefecture successively belonged to the First Administrative Supervision District of Hubei Province during the Republic of China. Tongshan was liberated in May 1949, and belongs to Hubei Daye Department. /kloc-0 was placed in Xiaogan area in June, 952. 1654381October Tongshan, Tongcheng and Chongyang merged to form Chongyang county. Tongshan County was restored in March of the following year. June 1959+0 1 was renamed as the county under the jurisdiction of Wuhan, and June 19 1 belonged to Xiaogan District. Since June 1965, it belongs to Xianning area. The major historical events after the establishment of Tongshan County are:1May 645. /kloc-in the spring of 0/854, the Li Xiucheng Department of Taiping Army killed Sun Jingyang, the county magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, at the foot of Dacheng Mountain; 1927 At the end of August, under the leadership of Tongshan County Committee, Tongshan farmers held an autumn harvest riot, seized the county seat, and established the revolutionary regime of workers and peasants and the revolutionary armed forces of farmers. 1938165438+1October 4th, the Japanese invaders occupied Tongshan county, and patriotic Kuomintang soldiers bravely stopped the Japanese invaders in Dachengshan and Jiugongshan. 1April, 945, the Eighth Route Army southward detachment defeated the Japanese army at Shankoupu; 1949 may 17 is Tongshan liberation day.

Geographical location of Xianning city

Xianning City is located in the hinterland of central China, commonly known as "southern Hubei". It is bordered by northern Jiangxi in the east, Xiaoxiang in the south, Jingchu in the west and Wuhan in the north. Its land span is13331'-14458' and 29 02 '-30 65438+ north latitude. Four domestic lines (Beijing-Guangzhou Line, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Highway 107 and National Highway 106) run through the north and south, and one river (Yangtze River) connects the east and west, with beautiful scenery, rich resources and convenient transportation, and is known as the "South Gate of Hubei". It is adjacent to Yangxin County, Huangshi City in the east, xiushui county, Jiangxi Province in the south and Pingping, Hunan Province in the south.

At present, it governs one city, two districts and four counties: Chibi, chibi city enjoys a high reputation; Qian Qiao Gui Hua Xiang in Xian 'an District; Chongyang county is an excellent city; Tongcheng county is the main road to welcome guests; Jiugong, Tongshan County, towering into the sky; Jiayu County's "Jiangdong Lock Key" is connected with the Wuchang; Hot spring (development) area is picturesque; This city is new; Charm doesn't need clever dressing.

Xianning has jurisdiction over Xian 'an District, Jiayu County, chibi city, Tongshan County, Chongyang County, Tongcheng County and Hot Spring Development Zone, 1 1 townships, 52 towns and 5 offices, 1723 villagers' committees, 1438. Jiayu County governs 8 towns and Toudun Farm, including Luxi, Gaotieling, Guanqiao, Yuyue, Xinjie, Du Pu, Panjiawan and Jiezhou Bay. Chibi city has jurisdiction over 9 towns including Xindian, Zhaoliqiao, Cha 'anling, Zhonghuopu, Guantang Post, Shenshan, Chebu, Chibi and Liushan Lake, 3 offices of Puyin, Lushui Lake and Chimagang, and Huanggaihu 1 state-owned farm. Tongcheng County has jurisdiction over two townships, namely Sizhuang and Daping, and nine towns, namely Maishi, Guandao, Sandui, Wuli, Shinan, Beigang, Magang, Juanshui and Tanghu. Chongyang County has jurisdiction over four townships: Xiaoling, Tongzhong, Port and Gaojian, and eight towns: Shaping, Shicheng, Guihuaquan, Baini, Lukou, Jintang, Qingshan and Tiancheng. Tongshan County governs Dalu, Yangfanglin, Cikou, Xia Yan, Toarey Yang, Lin Nan Bridge, Huangshapu, Wang Chuang, Honggang, Dafan and Jiugongshan, 1 Jiugongshan Scenic Area Administration.

Terrain of Xianning city

Xianning city is located in the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, at the northern foot of the Shogun Mountain. Its natural area is 986 1 km2, including 27.8% in mountainous area, 55.8% in hilly area and 0/6.4% in plain area. Generally speaking, it has the advantages of "seven mountains and one water", which not only has the characteristics of mountain economy, but also has the convenience of non-mountain transportation. There are two mountain ranges in Damu, four lines (Beijing-Guangzhou line, Beijing-Zhuhai expressway, national highway 107 and national highway 106) run through the north and south, and the Yangtze River connects the east and the west. The terrain is very different. The highest elevation is Jiugong Mountain in Tongshan, Laoyafeng 1657.74 meters. The whole territory is dominated by low hills and plains. The larger water systems are rich water, land water and Ganjiang River, Gao Qiao River, Xindian River and Quankou River. The larger lakes are Axe Lake, Huanggai Lake and Xiliang Lake. The larger basin is Chongyang basin; Jiayu is a great plain, and the alluvial plain along the Chibi River is a part of Jianghan Plain. Alluvial soil has a deep and fertile soil layer, which is suitable for developing grain, cotton and oil production. Hilly areas are mostly acidic red soil, which is suitable for developing subtropical cash crops such as ramie, tea, rape, tung oil, citrus, osmanthus and mulberry. The mountainous area is yellow-red soil, which is suitable for the development of fir, pine and Phoebe bournei. It is a good place to develop animal husbandry. The geotectonics are located in three four-level structural units: Liangzihu sag (N) in the lower Yangtze platform fold belt (ni) at the eastern end of the Yangtze paraplatform (Ⅱ) and Tongshantai fold bundle (Ⅱ) in Mufutai sag. From Proterozoic to Cenozoic strata in this area are exposed, and magmatic activities are mainly concentrated.

The whole area is high in the south and low in the north. According to the national landform zoning, this area can be divided into three landform areas: Jianghan Lake Branch Alluvial Plain: located in the northwest of this area, which is a large area from Cha 'anling in chibi city to the north of Shuangxi in Xian 'an District. Mainly the Quaternary Pleistocene network clay red soil ridge topography and some Holocene gravel valley topography. It is rich in diving. The southwest end of this section is mainly hilly terrain, consisting of Silurian sandstone shale and a small amount of Carboniferous-Permian carbonate rocks (mainly limestone and dolomite). The altitude is 23m-280m, and the relative height difference is 50m-2m. The shallow part of Xian 'an City is Tertiary limestone (karst) conglomerate, with abundant groundwater and local karst development. There are many lakes in this area, the largest of which is Huanggai Lake. It is mainly a formed river valley with an open "U" shape in cross section. Damushan-Yushan hilly area: located in the middle of this area, north of Gaohu-Shadian line in Tongshan County and south of Chaanling-Shuangxi line. The eastern part of Yushan Mountain in Chongyang is dominated by eroded terrain, while the western part is dominated by karst terrain. Due to the influence of geological structure, Damushan compound anticline resulted in syncline valley of anticline mountain, while Tongshan compound syncline is the anticlinal valley of syncline mountain. The core of syncline is mainly composed of Triassic carbonate rocks. Between the back and syncline, it is mainly composed of sandstone and carbonate rocks from Sinian to Permian. The fault basin of Chongyang-Tongshan line is composed of Tertiary "red beds" (mainly purplish red siltstone), and basalt can be seen locally. The direction of the ridge line in this section is consistent with the direction of the tectonic line, which is nearly east-west. 300 meters above sea level to 1000 meters. The main peaks are Dayao Valley (elevation 126 1 m), Yushan (elevation 1029 m) and Damu Mountain (elevation 954 m). The relative height difference is 200-500 m, and its ridge is generally flat, with comb-like or feathery water system. The river is in the shape of "V" or "U". Karst caves and depressions developed in the Middle Triassic. Funnels, sinkholes and gullies developed in the Lower Permian, such as Mingshuiquan underground river in Xian 'an District, Taiyidong, Ordovician karst upwelling spring on both wings of Damushan anticline, Tongshan syncline, Chibi Suiyang syncline and Xian 'an Gao Qiao syncline. In addition, the karst phenomenon in Wenquan Buried Hill Forest Park is also very prominent. There are still hot springs in Shewu Mountain in Jiayu County and Wuhongshan Resort in chibi city. Mufushan erosion structure mountain area: located in the south of Tongshan Gaohu-Shadian line in this area, it is a dome-shaped folded fault mountain steep slope composed of granite and metamorphic rocks. Structurally, it is located in the north wing of Mufushan anticline, with the core of Lengjiaxi group's shallow metamorphic clastic rocks and early Yanshanian granite, the west end of Tongcheng rock mass, and the north wing of Sinian and Cambrian sand shale. Carbonate rock There are weathered fissure water and structural fissure water underground. Its ridge is steep and narrow, with an altitude of 900m-1500m. Jiugongshan Scenic Area is located at the eastern end of this section, with the elevation of Laoyajian, the main peak, at 1656m, and the relative elevation difference of 500m-800m. Rivers are strongly cut into trees, and valleys are V-shaped.

Climatic characteristics of Xianning city

Xianning belongs to subtropical continental monsoon climate, with mild climate, abundant precipitation and sunshine, four distinct seasons, the same season of rain and heat, and a long frost-free period. In winter, the north wind prevails and the weather is cold and dry. Summer is south, hot and rainy. Annual average temperature 16.8℃, extreme maximum temperature 4 1.4℃, extreme minimum temperature-15.4℃. Average annual precipitation 1577.4 mm, average annual sunshine hours 1754.5 hours, greater than O ~.

Spring usually starts from late March to late May and lasts about 60-70 days. In spring, the cold air activity is frequent, the warm and humid airflow is gradually active, the weather is rainy, and the cold damage is frequent, which is not good for spring sowing production and summer harvest crop growth.

Summer generally begins in late May and ends in late September, and the duration is about 120- 130 days. There are many rainy days in early summer, June and July. In the rainy period, there is much precipitation and high intensity, which often leads to floods. It is very hot in midsummer, and the precipitation gradually decreases after the fall, and sometimes there will be drought. After the "beginning of autumn" solar term, there is usually a period of hot weather, commonly known as "beginning of autumn".

In autumn, the weather system in this city is mainly controlled by high ground pressure. The weather is refreshing and the water drops are reduced, which is easy to cause drought and affect autumn sowing production. The first frost in autumn generally begins in late September and ends in 165438+1October, lasting about 50-60 days, and generally begins to appear in late October of165438+1October.

Generally, winter begins in late October of 165438+ and ends in late March of the following year, about 120 days. This city is often controlled by continental weather system in winter, with low terrain in the north and high terrain in the south. Cold air can push people straight, so it is cold and dry in winter. October is the coldest month in a year, and October and February are the whole year.