Climatic characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Tianjin Three Gorges geographical area

1, China's geographical location and characteristics: ● Latitude location and advantages: China's territory spans a vast latitude from north to south, most of which are located in the mid-latitude area, belonging to the (northern temperature) zone, and a small part is in the (tropical) zone, but not in the (cold zone). The huge climate difference provides favorable conditions for the development of (various agricultural economies). ● Land and sea location and advantages: (1) is located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean, which makes the vast area in the east of China (under the influence of humid air flow in summer monsoon, precipitation) rich and is beneficial to (agricultural) production; (2) The eastern region has both land and sea, which is conducive to friendly exchanges with overseas countries; The western region (deep into Eurasia) enables China's land transportation to communicate directly with other countries (Central Asia, West Asia and Europe), which facilitates foreign countries (exchanges and cooperation). (3) There are many excellent harbors along the coast, which are convenient for development (marine industry). China has a territory of 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, next only to Russian and Canadian. Lulin 14. The counterclockwise directions are North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. The land border is more than 20,000 kilometers. There are six countries across the sea: Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. 2. Population of China ● Total population in 2000: 654.38+295 million. ● The outstanding characteristics of China's population: large population base and rapid population growth. ● Characteristics of population distribution in China: The population distribution is uneven, bounded by Heihe River in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan. The population density in the eastern region is high, while that in the western region is low. The western part of China is sparsely populated, but rich in resources. What problems should be paid attention to in the development of the western region? The western region has resource advantages, but the natural environment is relatively fragile. At present, the contradiction between man, land, water and soil is quite acute, and the development of the western region must be based on environmental protection, and it is not possible to develop first and then treat it. National population policy: family planning. ● Content: Control the population and improve the quality of the population. 3. Ethnic Groups in China ● There are 56 ethnic groups in China, of which the Han nationality is the most populous and the Zhuang nationality is the most populous among the ethnic minorities. ● Distribution characteristics of Han nationality: Han nationality is distributed all over the country, with the most concentrated in the central and eastern regions. ● Distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities: mainly concentrated in the northeast, northwest and southwest. The largest minority is Zhuang nationality. Ethnic distribution characteristics: large mixed residence, small settlement. ● Ethnic customs: Mongolian Nadam Congress, Dai Water-splashing Festival, peacock dance Group Dance, Tibetan, Tibetan calendar year, Korean Dragon Drum Dance, etc. 4. Terrain of China ● Terrain characteristics of China: the terrain is complex and diverse, and the mountainous area is vast ● What problems should be paid attention to in the development and protection of mountainous areas: (1) The mountainous areas are rugged, the traffic is inconvenient, and the infrastructure construction is difficult. (2) When developing and utilizing mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to the construction of ecological environment to prevent and avoid mountain disasters such as collapse, landslide and debris flow. ● Topographic features of China: The topography of China is high in the west and low in the east, with a stepped distribution. The dividing line of stairs is altitude. The main terrain type is the main terrain area. The first step is the first step, and the second step is Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain. The second and third steps are Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain. The hills, mountains, plains and basins below 500m above sea level in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the second step of Qaidam Basin, 1000-2000m Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin are alternately distributed in the southeast hills, northeast plains, North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Impact of rivers and traffic: (1) Impact on climate: China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, which is conducive to the humid air flowing from the sea to the inland of China and bringing abundant precipitation to the vast areas of China. (2) Impact on rivers: the topography of high in the west and low in the east will inevitably cause rivers in China to flow into the sea from west to east; When the river flows from a higher step to a lower step, the drop is large, resulting in huge water energy. (3) Impact on traffic: The big river flowing eastward connects the traffic between the east and the west of China, which facilitates the connection between coastal areas and inland areas; The mountain range at the junction of stairs has become a huge obstacle to the east-west traffic in China. Topographic regions on the west side of the eastern mountain range ① Northeast Plain of Inner Mongolia Plateau in Daxing 'anling; North China Plain of Taihang Mountain Loess Plateau; Middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in Wushan Sichuan Basin; Topographic regions on both sides of Hengduan Mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan Basin or South Mountain of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau ⑤ Kunlun Mountain, Tarim Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ⑤ Tianshan Mountain, Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin ● The four plateaus (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) have the highest altitude in China. The largest plateau (Inner Mongolia Plateau) has a flat surface, endless loess (Loess Plateau) and a wide range of river valleys (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has a rugged surface and remarkable karst landforms ● The basin with the largest area in great basin is (Tarim Basin), the basin with the highest altitude is (Qaidam Basin) and the basin with the highest latitude is (Junggar Basin). The basin with the best conditions for developing agricultural production is (Sichuan Basin) ● Main mountain ranges: East-West: Tianshan Mountains in the yinshan mountains-Kunlun Mountains-Qinling Nanling Mountains-Northeast-Southwest: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountains-Wushan. North-south trend of mountains in Taiwan Province Province: northwest-southeast trend of Hengduan Mountains: Qilian Mountain Range Arc Mountains: Himalayan Mountains 5. Climate in China According to the active accumulated temperature, China can be divided into five temperature zones from north to south. Cold temperate zone, middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone; In addition, there is a plateau climate zone with higher terrain. ● According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can be divided into four dry and wet regions: dry and wet region, semi-humid region, semi-arid region and arid region. Vegetation: forest, grassland, grassland and desert. Agricultural type planting (paddy field agriculture) planting (dry land agriculture) animal husbandry ● The dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area: (Daxinganling), (Yinshan), (Helan Mountain), (Bayan Kara, (Gangdise Mountain) ● Name the reasons for the differences in geographical phenomena: The special "land of plenty" landscape in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China benefits from the monsoon climate with the same rain and heat. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are roughly at the same latitude as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but the reason for the great climate difference is the high altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Arabian Peninsula are at the same latitude, and the great difference in climate is due to the influence of land and sea position and summer monsoon. The latitudes of Beijing and Urumqi are roughly the same, but the precipitation is quite different. Different fruit trees grow in different temperature zones because of different land and sea locations and summer monsoon; Different temperature zones have different internal cooking systems; The architectural structure of traditional folk houses in north and south is also different. The reason is that the latitude factors of vegetation in the east and west are different; The types of agriculture in the east and west are different, with farming in the east and animal husbandry in the west; The roof structure of east and west houses is different, with many pheasant roofs in the southeast and many flat roofs in the northwest. (Different precipitation) makes our country extremely rich in crops and various animal and plant resources. (The climate is complex and diverse) ② Different natural resources and tourism resources are formed (the climate is complex and diverse) ③ People's eating habits are also different, for example, Sichuan, Hunan and other places are cold and humid in winter and like to eat Chili; Southerners love rice, while northerners love pasta. (The climate is complex and diverse) People's clothes are also colorful because they have adapted to the climate (the climate is complex and diverse). For example, Tibetan robes in Tibet are designed to adapt to the climatic characteristics (topography) with large daily difference in Tibet; ⑤ Architectural features vary from place to place. The slope of the roof in the north is small, the wall is thick, and the slope of the roof in the south is large (temperature and precipitation); 6. That's right. ……( 1)①7; ②7、8; ③4、5、6、7、8; ④4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9(2) More summer and autumn and less winter and spring (3) Guangzhou and Harbin; The rain belt in China is advancing from south to north. (4) Because the rainy season in southern China starts early and ends late, the rainy season is long; The rainy season in northern China starts late, ends early and lasts for a short time ● Disastrous weather (cold wave), (typhoon) and (flood and drought disaster) caused by monsoon climate ● Main climate characteristics of China (1) Look at the picture and read the climate characteristics of China: climate characteristics (complex and diverse climate) and (monsoon) climate are remarkable. (2) Sanming has a subtropical monsoon climate. Comparison of the list of Yangtze River and Yellow River projects Tanggula Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the source of Bayan Kara on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, tuotuo, flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hu Qing, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia provinces, and flows through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin and the Yangtze River. Taohe River, Huangshui River, Weihe River and other Ganjiang rivers are located between Qinling and Nanling, and between Yinshan and Qinling. Harnessing water energy (upstream) and shipping water energy (upstream) and building shelter forests in the middle and upper reaches (omitted, see the table below) ● The causes of disasters in various sections of the Yellow River and the basic scheme for harnessing them. Grassland degradation and desertification are the main disasters in the upper, middle and lower reaches of rivers. Drought is often the cause of disasters in rivers above ground. The middle reaches of the Yellow River flow through the Loess Plateau with many tributaries. The loess plateau has loose soil layer and serious vegetation destruction. In heavy rain, a lot of sediment flows into the Yellow River with the rain. When the Yellow River enters the lower reaches of the plain, the channel widens and the slope slows down. The river's velocity slows down, and the sediment it carries is deposited, which makes the river bed gradually rise. Harness planting trees and grass, and carry out comprehensive management of soil and water conservation. Strengthen the Yellow River levee. Characteristics of China's natural resources: (rich in total resources), (but insufficient per capita). Types of land resources: main topographic types: cultivated land in monsoon dry-wet area or non-monsoon area, eastern plain in semi-humid area, forest in hilly basin in humid area of mountain meadow and non-monsoon area, semi-arid plateau, unused land in western semi-arid area, basins and plateaus ● The basic national policy of China's land is to "cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land." ● Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China and its influence on social and economic development ● At present, the freshwater resources used by human beings are mainly rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater ● Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in China: in time, there are more in summer and autumn, and less in winter and spring; Space: There is no southerly wind in the north. ● Solve the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in time and space: The construction of reservoirs can effectively control the seasonal variation of runoff and water quantity. For example, the Three Gorges and Xiaolangdi water control projects. ● One of the effective methods to solve the unbalanced regional distribution of water resources: inter-basin water transfer. For example, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Luanhe River Diversion Project and the Yellow River Diversion Project. ● One of the main ways to solve the water shortage problem in China is to save water and protect water resources. China traffic ● Overall distribution pattern of China traffic network: dense in the east and sparse in the west ● Main railway lines in China ① Lanxin Line ② Qingzang Line (unfinished) ③ Baolan Line ④ Beijing-Kowloon Line ⑤ Baocheng Line ⑤ Chengkun Line eastward: Baojing Line (Beijing-Baotou)-Baolan Line (Baotou-Lanzhou); Longhai (Lianyungang-Lanzhou)-Lanxin Line (Lanzhou-Urumqi); Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi (Hangzhou-Zhuzhou)-Hunan-Guizhou (Zhuzhou-Guiyang)-Guikun (Guiyang-Kunming) line north-south direction: Jingha line (Beijing-Harbin); Beijing-Shanghai line (Beijing-Shanghai); Beijing-Guangzhou line (Beijing-Guangzhou); Beijing-Kowloon Line (Beijing-Kowloon) and Liujiao Line (Jiaozuo-Liuzhou); Baocheng Line (Baoji-Chengdu)-Chengdu-Kunming Line (Chengdu-Kunming) Major transportation hubs and railway trunk lines in China: Beijing: (Jingha Line), (Beijing-Baotou Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line) and (Beijing-Kowloon Line). Xuzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Shanghai Line). Zhengzhou: (Longhai Line), (Beijing-Guangzhou Line). Lanzhou: (Longhai Line), (Jingbao Line) and (Baolan Line). ● Reasonable choice of transportation mode according to needs (omitted) 9. China agriculture ● Agricultural regional distribution: the difference between the east and the west: the 400 mm isorainfall line in the west; Plains, valleys and oases with irrigation water sources in the east of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet; Semi-humid and humid plains; Natural forest areas in the northeast and southwest; Differences in planting between the eastern coast of the southeast artificial forest region and the north and south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: regional cultivated land type crops planting (several crops a year) main crops grain crops oil crops sugar crops dryland north of Qinling-Huaihe River, three crops a year, two crops a year wheat peanut beet two crops a year paddy field south of Qinling-Huaihe River, three crops rice, One-year rape and sugarcane ● Three major cotton areas: ● Illustrate the necessity of developing agriculture according to local conditions with examples: (P 102 Figure 4. 16 Atlas P325) Using the advantages of local (natural conditions), it is one of the important contents of "adapting to local conditions" to arrange agricultural production departments or crops to be developed in the most favorable areas for their own development and growth. Agricultural production is also restricted by local (socio-economic conditions), which is also a factor that needs to be fully considered in developing agriculture. 10, China industry ● Industrial distribution characteristics: (along the coast), (along the river) and (along the traffic) ● Industrial spatial distribution: (1) Industrial bases with national significance along the railways such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Jingha and Beijing-Shanghai. (2) Industrial belt in the Yellow River Basin. (3) The economically developed areas along the Yangtze River centered on (Shanghai), (Nanjing), (Wuhan) and (Chongqing). (4) Coastal areas (Yangtze River Delta), (south-central Liaoning), (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan), (Pearl River Delta) and other core areas with the most developed economy. ● Develop high-tech industries: (1) Features: The proportion of employed scientific and technological personnel is significant; The cost of development and research is high; Product update is fast. (2) Distribution characteristics: it is mostly attached to big cities and has the characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration. (3) development focus: focus on developing high-tech industries in coastal areas (science park type); Border areas are dominated by (trade-oriented) industries; Inland areas focus on industries closely related to (national defense, military). ● High-tech industrial development zones are attached to big cities, and their distribution features are (large dispersion) and (small concentration) ● Explain the influence of high-tech industries on production and life: Shanghai: optimized and adjusted the industrial structure of industry. Beijing: Rapid growth has promoted and promoted economic development. (Zhongguancun's contribution to Beijing's economic development) Internet: Internet technology has changed people's life and production methods.