I know the moral education and traffic safety lesson plans of the middle class.

Middle school traffic safety moral education I know the design intention of the teaching plan;

Middle-class children are lively, curious and imitative, which is the most likely group to cause traffic accidents. Although they are generally supervised by adults when they go out, a little carelessness will seriously affect their children's physical and mental health, and even lead to tragedy, and the chances of crossing the road and moving alone will increase. Through this activity, let children know the close relationship between traffic lights and safety signs and people's lives. Initially develop the consciousness of consciously obeying traffic rules and improve the ability of self-safety.

Activity objectives:

1, know signs such as signs and understand basic traffic rules.

2. Know several common traffic signs and understand the close relationship between traffic safety signs and people's lives.

3. Experience the importance of traffic rules in game activities, cultivate the consciousness of consciously observing traffic rules, and improve the ability of self-safety.

Activity preparation:

1, children's song "Children learn common sense" animation.

2. Pictures of traffic safety signs, sign cards of traffic lights and a homemade steering wheel.

3. Courseware: Children's traffic safety propaganda film "On the way to school".

4. Layout: crossroads, crosswalks, parking lots, etc.

Activity flow:

First, import 1, look at the picture and make children think.

Teacher: Children, let's see what happens in the picture. Photo 1: Several children are crossing the guardrail in the middle of the driveway. Figure 2: A man crossed the guardrail and was knocked down by a speeding car. Teacher: "What did you see just now, children?" "What causes dangerous things to happen?" Summary: What a dangerous and terrible thing it is. For our own safety, we must obey the traffic rules.

Second, know the signal signs and several common traffic signs.

1. Know the signal lamp and talk about its function.

Teacher: Today, the teacher invited a little guest to teach us some basic traffic rules. Let's have a look! Teacher: The little guest in the animation told us how many colors there are in the signal lamp. (Three kinds, red, yellow and green) The red light stops, the green light goes, and the yellow light is on. Wait a minute.

2. Simulate the game and experience the role of traffic lights.

Teacher: Let's play a little game, "Children who obey the rules". Please pay attention to the traffic lights when crossing the road.

Conclusion: Children really obey the traffic rules and believe that peace will be with you.

3. Know several common traffic signs.

Teacher: On the main road where cars shuttle, there are many traffic signs besides signals. The teacher brought several kinds today. Do you want to see them?

Play the logo picture and ask: What logo is this? What do you mean? What should we do?

Let the children recognize this symbol, and the person who answers correctly will get a star of wisdom.

Third, watch the traffic safety propaganda film "On the way to school"

Teacher: Children know so many traffic safety signs. The teacher rewards you for watching an animated film "On the Way to School". Some children in cartoons are right and some are wrong. We have to watch carefully! (Watch the traffic safety propaganda film "On the way to school") Fourth, after watching the cartoon of the simulation game, let's play a game. Boys play drivers, girls play children and go to school together. Pay attention to the traffic signals and signs along the way and obey the traffic rules. (Remind children not to make mistakes in cartoons) Change roles and play again.

Summary: Today, our children learned a lot of traffic safety knowledge, and everyone performed well.

Shall we invite aunt traffic police to play games with us next class? "Good" Fifth, the activity extends to watching the traffic police's command gestures, learning to make several common command gestures (straight hand gestures, stop hand gestures, left hand gestures, right hand gestures), and learning to be a small traffic police who directs traffic.

Brief comments on the activity:

Make full use of existing resources and use multimedia courseware to show in the activity, which is intuitive and easy for children to accept. With the participation of the game, children have a personal experience, really understand some basic traffic rules, and learn traffic safety knowledge in a happy experience.

Nave class, fire safety I know that the teaching of the key and difficult parts of the lesson plan is the key to a class, and the level of teachers' classroom teaching is mainly reflected in the prominence of key points and the breakthrough of difficult points. Generally speaking, the main knowledge that students should master in a class is the teaching focus of this class, and the difficulty of students' understanding and acceptance is the teaching difficulty.

How much do you know about traffic safety? According to the syllabus and related teaching guidance, arrange the learning content for one month or one week, and then make the classroom teaching plan for each class according to the learning content. If multimedia teaching is needed, PPT courseware should be made.

Age characteristics and hobbies should be considered when choosing teaching materials. Only by choosing the teaching content that is suitable for the characteristics of the times and can arouse interest can we pre-empt and fundamentally achieve the purpose of education.

How much do you know about the design background of middle-class traffic safety and reflection activities?

The young child is very weak. It is the responsibility of society, schools and families to educate children to protect themselves from accidental injuries. There have been many accidents on school buses, and rural children's awareness of traffic safety is still very weak. The good habit of obeying the rules and the ability of self-protection are as inseparable as twin sisters. With the development of society and the improvement of traffic facilities, traffic is getting closer and closer to people's lives, which brings convenience to our lives.

moving target

1. Know some basic traffic safety knowledge, know how to recognize road signs and cross the road safely.

2. Experience the fun of playing games and develop a good quality of consciously obeying traffic rules.

3. Cultivate children's clear oral expression and discrimination.

Teaching emphases and difficulties

Activity focus: identify traffic lights.

Difficulties: crossing the road safely.

Activities to be prepared

Traffic lights on the road, red, yellow and green lights (homemade), Song recorded "Traffic Lights". crossroads

Activity flow:

1. Import activity.

Teacher: We're going to cross the street. How can we get there? (The child answers)

The child crossed the road at the zebra crossing, sat down in his seat and invited the traffic police to enter.

Question: Where did you go when you crossed the street just now? (On the zebra crossing)

2. Watch the video, let the children talk about their feelings after watching it, and discuss how to obey the traffic rules.

(1) Question:

Did you see how the people in the video crossed the road? (Children answer according to what they see in the video)

Are they doing the right thing? Why? Then how can we cross the road safely? (Children answer according to previous experience)

(2) Introduce the correct method of crossing the road.

When children walk on the road, they must obey the traffic rules, take the right sidewalk (show pictures), cross the road and take the zebra crossing (pictures), and pay attention to the traffic lights (pictures), so that the red light stops and the green light goes.

3. Discuss how to cross the road without traffic lights and zebra crossings.

(1) Put up a picture to ask questions.

Look, children, are there any traffic lights on this road? (no)

Is there a zebra crossing? (no)

We have to cross a road like this. How can we get there?

(Children answer according to previous experience)

(2) Explain the method of crossing the road safely.

4. Summarize with children's songs and remember the knowledge of crossing the road safely.

Children, walk in the street and obey the traffic rules.

No chasing, no fighting, take the sidewalk.

Cross the street, take the crosswalk and look both ways.

Stop at the red light and go at the green light. Follow the instructions and don't run around.

Ask the children to read children's songs together.

5. The game "Crossing the Road"

Children watch the traffic lights, drive and cross the road by zebra crossing. The teacher is watching.

Role assignment: four small traffic policemen

Traffic light controller

6. Summarize and issue badges.

Did anyone violate the traffic rules and give children who obey the traffic rules a badge of "civilized angel"

Teaching reflection

Crossing the street is a common thing in children's lives, and they also have their own life experiences. Of course, boring explanations can't attract children's attention, so how to keep children interested in activities is a problem that we have been thinking about when designing activities. Because the outline points out that it is necessary to make full use of the natural environment and the educational resources of the community to expand the living and learning space of young children.

In the implementation of the whole activity, in order to fully tap the children's existing life experience. We dig consciously by increasing the difficulty of the problem. How to cross the road without traffic lights and zebra crossings? How to cross the road safely in case of traffic jam or special circumstances? In the exchange and discussion, the children boldly shared their existing life experiences with everyone, and their subjectivity was brought into play. Moreover, through summing up and explaining, children's life experience and knowledge are organically combined to form interaction, which strengthens children's memory of knowledge. At the end of the activity, we set up a game to let the children internalize the knowledge of crossing the road safely into their own actions through the game, and urge them to urge people around them to abide by the rules by issuing badges, so as to truly perform the duties of civilized messengers.

Of course, there were some problems in the activity. The children were so excited that at the end of the game, some people disobeyed the command and ran around. The preparation before the activity is not sufficient, and the consideration is not comprehensive enough, because the teacher's role in the whole activity is the host, who is responsible for guiding the topic, dispatching emotions and coordinating the atmosphere, which requires high comprehensive quality of teachers. Therefore, if you want to master the classroom skillfully, you need to continue to work hard.

Use scissors safely. I know the teaching plan. 1. Activity objective:

1, guide children to master the correct use of scissors and learn to cut arcs.

2. Let children experience the joy of paper-cutting activities through activities.

Two. Activity category: 1

Third, the activity preparation:

1, red, yellow and blue paper.

2, tape recorders, tapes, scissors, glue sticks, rags.

Fourth, the focus and difficulty of the activity:

Key points: Teach children how to use scissors correctly and let them learn to use scissors safely.

Difficulties: improve children's hands-on operation ability.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity flow:

(A) pay attention to the baby magic, lead to the theme.

T: "Note that babies are naughty. They are crawling on my head. Look, what have they become? " (rabbit's ear)

T: "They climbed, climbed into my waist. What have they become now? " (skirt, belt)

T: "Note Baby has changed so many interesting things. Now it wants to ask the children for help. They want to turn into colorful flowers in spring. Think about it, children. How can we help them? " (You can tear, cut and fold flowers)

This way of magic is full of mystery, and children are very interested in magic. I choose the form of "note baby magic" to concentrate children's attention, mobilize the excitement of the cerebral cortex, and let children quickly enter the state and concentrate better. Boldly imagine that the note has become a rabbit's ear, skirt, etc., and develop children's creativity.

(B) scissors doll magic

1. Show me the scissors. "Let's watch scissors do magic!"

The teacher demonstrated how to use scissors. "My little hand turned into a small pistol, and scissors came to sleep in the hole. Scissors opened their mouths wide and were busy with their work. Click-click-what color did the scissors cut out? " (safflower)

3. Take a square piece of paper. Let's fold the square flowers in half and then fold them in half. Turn it into a small square, hold a corner of the small square and open it up. ) The square flower turns into a hill, and the scissors are going to climb the mountain. Click click, it climbed from this corner, climbed the curved hillside and climbed to that corner. What did Fang Hua become this time? (round flowers, flowers with petals)

Let the children take out their little hands and have a try. Let children master the correct use of scissors in the form of poetry, which can be accepted by children quickly, and also exercise the coordination ability between children's organs. )

(3) Children's operation and teacher's guidance (in music)

Now, please use your scissors to cut, cut, change and cut out flowers of different colors. Children who cut fast can cut more. Small scissors also whispered to you: "Please close the mouth of scissors after use, or its mouth will be tired.". "

(4) Let the children summarize what you have learned through this lesson. What should you do when you use scissors to make yourself use scissors safely?

Activity reflection:

Cutting circular arcs with scissors is the key and difficult point of this activity. Small class children are not very good at hand control, and some children cut broken lines, so cutting arcs is the starting point of this activity. However, under the guidance of the image language of "small scissors climbing the hillside", the children easily practiced arc cutting. Because of their first attempt, there is also a big gap between them. Some children have been able to create hollow patterns on the basis of flower arrangement. Because it is the first attempt, we should give more encouraging comments on children's works and give full play to their initiative and enthusiasm.

How much do you know about traffic safety in kindergartens (1) teaching material analysis?

Teaching material analysis's writing requirements: three operational requirements: (1) analysis of curriculum standards; (2) Analysis of the position and function of each lesson content in the whole curriculum standard and each module (each textbook); (3) Analysis of the difference and connection between the content of each lesson in senior high school and the related content in junior high school textbooks.

(B) student analysis

Writing requirements for students' analysis part: three operational requirements: (1) analyzing students' existing cognitive level and ability; (2) analyzing students' learning problems; (3) Analyze students' learning needs and learning behaviors.

(3) Teaching objectives

Teaching goal writing requirements: three operational requirements: (1) determining knowledge goals; (2) Determine the ability, method training objectives and teaching implementation strategies; (3) Determine the teaching choice point and teaching implementation strategy to guide students' emotion, attitude and values.

Does the middle class have little knowledge of traffic safety? A few tips on traffic safety, I hope I can help you!

1, cross the road safely

We go to school, school and outdoor activities almost every day. Be sure to walk safely, there is a lot of knowledge here! Many pedestrians died under the wheels of cars because they didn't master the essentials of crossing the road safely.

When crossing the road, choose a place with a crosswalk. This is a safe zone for pedestrians to enjoy the right of way. In this area, the speed of motor vehicles generally slows down, and drivers pay more attention to the dynamics of pedestrians. When crossing the road where there is no crosswalk, you should pay special attention to avoid passing vehicles. The easiest way to avoid vehicles is to look at whether there is a coming car on the left first, and if there is no coming car, walk into the driveway; See if there is a car coming on the right. You can cross the road safely when there is no car coming.

It is very dangerous to cross the road without crossing the crosswalk, crossing casually or crossing the road when cars are coming and going.

Step 2 take the bus

When taking public transport, you should abide by public order, pay attention to social morality and pay attention to traffic safety.

When waiting for the bus, you should queue up in turn, stand by the road or wait on the platform. You should not be crowded in the driveway, let alone stand in the middle of the road to park. When getting on the bus, wait for the bus to stop at the station, let the passengers get off first, and then get on the bus in order. There is no hurry. After getting on the bus, you should take the initiative to buy tickets and give seats to passengers who are old, weak, sick, pregnant or with babies. When the vehicle is driving, hold the handrail properly, and keep your head and hands out of the window to avoid being rubbed by passing vehicles. Walk in turn when you get off the bus, don't push hard. After getting off the bus, you should immediately step onto the sidewalk. If you need to cross the roadway, you should cross the sidewalk; Never cross the front and rear of the car. It's not safe.

This road is not a playground.

Roads are built for convenient transportation. The traffic on the road is endless. The traffic is very busy. If we casually play, frolic and chase on the road and regard the road as a "playground", it is not allowed to open a "playground" on the road after school to play football and badminton, which will not only hinder the passage of vehicles, but also be injured by vehicles. Jumping "rubber band", skipping rope and kicking shuttlecock on the sidewalk will bring difficulties to pedestrians and hinder traffic. Chasing and fighting on the road, jaywalking in front of cars and even throwing stones at each other are more prone to accidents. Other students, because they don't know the danger of playing on the road, even stop cars, chase cars, pick up cars and throw stones at cars for fun. This is the most dangerous move. Once you are hit by a car, the consequences are unimaginable.

The road is not a playground, so you can't play on the road. We should remind each other, boldly discourage them, and be "propagandists" to maintain traffic safety.

4. Avoid turning to the vehicle

When the car's turn signal flashes, it warns people that the car is going to turn. We should pay attention to avoid turning.

The steering of modern cars depends on the front wheels. With the rotation of the front wheel, the car body gradually changes direction. When a car turns, it often takes up more space than the inherent width of the car. The track of the front wheel does not coincide with the track of the rear wheel, that is, the front and rear wheels do not walk on the same arc, but have a certain distance difference. This is the "inner wheel difference" of the car turning. Because of this "inner wheel difference", when the car turns, the front wheel can pass the things on the road, but the rear wheel can't.

After understanding the basic principle of car turning, we should not get too close to the car when we meet a turning car on the road. Don't think that if the front of the car can pass, there will be nothing. In fact, if you get too close to the turning car, you are likely to be knocked down by the rear.

5. Common sense of riding a bike

China has the largest number of bicycles in the tenth world, and is recognized as the "kingdom of bicycles" in the tenth world.

Bicycles are light and flexible, convenient in speed, simple in maintenance, free from fuel, waste gas pollution and noise, so they are particularly popular. The bicycle relies on the rider's feet to step on the pedal, and the rear wheel is driven by the chain to roll forward. When traveling, you need to hold the handlebar with both hands, grasp the center of gravity and control the direction. So the stability is poor and the safety is poor. If you touch it, it will fall, and if you fall, it will hurt you.

In order to ensure traffic safety, the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Traffic Management clearly stipulates that children under the age of 12 are not allowed to ride bicycles on the road. When you reach the legal cycling age and are ready to ride a bike, you must seriously study the rules of cycling and master the basic essentials of cycling.

Bicycles must first keep parts in good condition, complete safety facilities, complete number plates and certificates. Before departure, check whether the bells, locks, brakes, wheels, pedals, chains, braces and cushions are in good condition and effective.

When learning to ride a bicycle, you should choose roads or squares and playgrounds with few people and cars. It is forbidden to learn to ride a bike in areas with heavy traffic.

When you master the riding skills and can ride alone, you should also master several riding rules:

First, it is strictly forbidden to drive in order in non-motor vehicle lanes. When driving on the road without dividing non-motor vehicle lanes and motor vehicle lanes, you should try to drive on the right. You can't ride a bike in the middle of the road. Don't count cars side by side, drive in the opposite direction.

Second, when riding to the intersection, take the initiative to let the motor vehicle go first. Stop at a stop signal at a red light at a stop line or crosswalk. It is forbidden to push or detour to run a red light.

Third, when you change lanes by bike, you should reach out and signal. Extend your left hand when turning left; At the same time, you should choose to turn when there is no traffic before and after, and you must not turn sharply when the motor vehicle approaches, fighting for the road and grabbing the line; Do n't turn around

Fourth, bicycles should be parked on the road in an orderly manner according to the location and scope stipulated by traffic signs; Parking on a branch road without traffic signs shall not affect the normal passage of vehicles and pedestrians.

Fifth, when riding a bicycle, the load should not exceed the body, the width should not exceed the handlebar, and the height should not exceed the rider's shoulders. Cycling is not allowed to bring people on city roads.

Sixth, cycling is not allowed to chase each other on the road.

The activity goal of "I know safety signs" lesson plan is 1, to know some common signs in life, to know some basic safety knowledge, to know some emergency handling methods, and to improve the ability of self-protection.

2. Through activities, further cultivate children's language expression ability and creative imagination.

Activities to be prepared

1, children should observe common traffic signs and safety signs before activities.

There are many small signs and pictures suitable for different children.

Activity flow:

1. Show the children the pre-arranged Logo photo exhibition.

2. Let the children talk about where you know these signs.

3, know a few signs

First, beware of the signs of drugs.

B, the teacher asked: What is this sign? What does this mean? Remind us of what?

Finally, tell the child that things with this sign are highly toxic and don't touch them.

C, the same form should show "beware of electric shock sign", "arson sign" and "crosswalk sign".

4. Logo recognition competition

Divide the children into four teams, presided over by the communication department. The content of the competition is as follows:

A. Name the sign: Children have a small sign map and ask them to look at the map and name the sign. For every correct sentence, a star is awarded, and the group with more stars wins.

B, label the picture. Show the pictures separately, please observe them and choose the corresponding signs to paste. Each group can answer first, each post will be awarded a star, and the winner will be the more stars.

C. summarize the awards.

In recent years, with the sharp increase in the number of private cars in China, traffic accidents have also increased significantly. The latest statistics show that in the first half of this year, there were 228,657 traffic accidents in China, resulting in 236,483 injuries and direct economic losses of 960 million yuan. Therefore, how to improve the traffic safety awareness of Chinese citizens and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents is an urgent problem to be solved at present.

I know the weather change [design concept]

Scientific teaching activities that fully embody the spirit of the Outline and the Guide focus on young children. It not only pays attention to the acquisition of scientific knowledge, but also pays attention to the cultivation of scientific literacy and scientific interest. The teaching activity of "changeable weather" takes "changeable" as the theme. Through different designs of three links, children can actively discover changeable weather, feel the close relationship between weather and life, and attract their attention to the weather. The first step, using the multiple transformations of weather and symbols, vividly understand the changes of weather, and connect with the third step to reflect the theme of "changefulness"; The second step is to set up a meaningful situation and connect the weather with children's lives in the form of pictures, so that children can find out and know what to do in different weather during the process of solving problems. At the same time, share different ideas among peers through exchanges and discussions; The third link is not only a link to the previous experience, but also a foreshadowing for the follow-up attention.

[Target Default]

1. Understand weather symbols such as sunny, rainy, snowy and foggy, and find that the weather is changeable, which arouses people's attention to the weather.

2. Know what you need to do in different weather and feel the close relationship between weather and life.

[Activity preparation]

Ppt courseware group operation board (including clear rain, snow and fog symbols, √×? Symbols, picture slot settings, etc. 8 life pictures in each group (bask in the quilt, flying kites, ships, planes, umbrellas, sunglasses, hats, masks) [Teaching process]

What is the weather like today? (Take sunny days as an example, and combine the children's answers. ppt shows pictures of sunny days. If you were asked to record a sunny day with a symbol, how would you record it?

Let's take a look at how to record in life-show clear weather symbols (comments: importing nature from today's weather arouses children's interest, and using children's existing recording experience to establish a connection between weather and weather symbols, and understand that weather symbols can be used to record the weather in life, from weather to symbols). Second, know all kinds of weather symbols and find that the weather is changeable. Know all kinds of weather symbols (1.

(Comments: Use ppt link to design symbols that can be changed randomly, which can be changed flexibly according to the weather of the day and the picture content in step 1) (2) Know and display various weather symbols (sunny, cloudy, rainy, foggy, snowy and dusty). What weather do you know besides sunny and rainy days? Can you find it from the symbol, too? Is there anything you can't understand? (Show corresponding weather pictures in combination with children's answers) (Comment: When children have a concept of symbols, switch from symbols to weather, find out the corresponding weather from many symbols, and initially feel the diversity of weather) 2. The symbols (1) with different degrees of understanding the same weather show three symbols of rain. Why are there three different symbols?

(2) Apart from rainy days, what weather will be represented by different degrees of symbols? (Combined with children's answers, ppt shows symbols of different degrees of weather such as snow and wind to expand the experience. Example: light snow, medium snow, heavy snow, blizzard. (Comments: From a single symbol to three symbols of different degrees, it is progressive on the basis of the previous link, and it is a change in different weather. This link is the change of the same weather to varying degrees. Through the conversion from symbols to weather, we can feel the changeable weather again. ) 3. Summing up that the weather has changed so much, sunny, cloudy, rainy, windy, rainy, snowy and dusty, there will be many different changes in the same weather.

(Comments: Summarize, upgrade in time and sum up experience) Third, cooperate to map and feel the relationship between weather and life 1. Match life pictures for four typical weather, know what to do in different weather (1), discuss matching methods, and understand cooperation requirements ①Ppt shows 8 life pictures: bask in the quilt, flying kites, ships, airplanes, umbrellas and sunglasses.

(2) How to show the operation panel (taking sunny days as an example) how to select all the pictures suitable for sunny days from 8 pictures? How to cooperate in groups of three? What if there are different opinions?

(The teacher combines the children's answers to sort out the collocation methods and cooperation requirements. For example, you can watch a picture together, or you can put it all on the table to discuss and watch it together; When you cooperate, you can look at it first, then pair it up and check it again. You can also have someone in charge of matching and someone in charge of introducing. If in doubt, can you discuss it or put it on the operation panel? (2) Children in a group of three cooperate to match pictures (Comments: Picture matching intercepts typical situations in children's lives, and skillfully presents the relationship between weather and life in the form of game matching, so that children can find it in the process of self-analysis and matching, rather than learning mechanically. ) 2. Communicate and discuss, feel the close relationship between weather and life (1) and share the experience of cooperation. Which group finished the fastest, and how did you cooperate?

(2) Exchange operation results. Which maps are suitable for x days? How did you choose? Why did you choose? Tell us what you think.

Expand or upgrade the experience according to the children's answers. ① For example, what can you bask in besides bask in the quilt on sunny days? Why are these things suitable for sunny days?

Example: Why is foggy weather not suitable for taking a boat or an airplane? Why is it suitable to wear a mask in foggy weather?

(3) Ask questions to arouse children's thinking. Example 1: Why are umbrellas suitable for sunny, rainy and snowy days? Are there any other things suitable for different weather conditions in these eight pictures?

(Comment: Communication reflects the collision of children's thinking process, because the result of pairing is not unique, so we can learn about children's different ideas through communication and share experiences among peers. This process is open and poses multiple challenges to children's thinking, analysis and expression. ) 3. Summarize that the original changing weather will affect our life. According to different weather conditions, you can make reasonable arrangements and choose to do something suitable for you.

(Comment: Summarize in time, then summarize and improve. ) 4. Introduce extreme weather, and arouse the interest of continuing to understand 1. Introduce extreme weather, show pictures of extreme weather or play video clips-sandstorms, typhoons, droughts, rainstorms, snowstorms and smog. Besides the weather we know, there are many extreme weather. Do you know them?

2. Aroused the interest of further understanding. Extreme weather will bring many disasters to our lives. Do you know what disaster will happen?

What caused so many extreme weather? What can people do to deal with extreme weather?

The changeable weather has left us with many problems. Let's go home together to find the answer and continue to communicate tomorrow.

(Comment: The change from ordinary weather to extreme weather is a further progress of "changefulness", which not only links previous experience and cognition, but also provides a basis for subsequent attention. )