What does CR9 stand for?

Full name: Cristiano Ronaldo [1] dos Santos Abero.

Nicknames: Ronaldo, Ronnie, Ronnie

Nicknames of fans: Ronaldinho, Xiaoxiao, C Lang, C Ronaldo, Luo Shuai, CR, Baby, Man, CR7, CR9.

Cantonese translation: Cristiano Ronaldo (Cristiano Ronaldo)

Birthday:1February 5, 985

Nationality: Portugal

Place of birth: Funchal (the capital of the Portuguese Madeira Islands in the North Atlantic)

Height: 185cm

Weight: 78 kg

Constellation: Aquarius

Zodiac: Rat (according to the lunar calendar)

Current club: Real Madrid

Former club: Manchester United Sporting Lisbon

Club jersey number: 9

National team jersey number: 7

Position: left and right avant-garde, left and right winger, center

European Cup experience: runner-up in 2004 European Cup; Top 8 in 2008 European Cup

World Cup experience: 4th place in the 2006 World Cup.

Captain of Portugal for the first time: friendly match against Brazil on February 6, 2007.

Captain of Manchester United for the first time: March 2008 19

The total income in 2009 was 654.38 million euros.

1998 joined Sporting Lisbon;

In 2002, he moved to the first team of Sporting Lisbon.

On August 8, 2003, he transferred from Sporting Lisbon to Manchester United for 654.38+022.4 million.

On June 27th, 2009, he transferred to Real Madrid for 80 million pounds, which is the highest transfer fee in football history.

First Premier League: On August 6th, 2003, 16 represented Manchester United's 4-0 home victory over Bolton.

.

In the early morning of June 27th, Beijing time (Spanish local time 26th), Real Madrid club official website reported that the team officially announced that Cristiano Ronaldo had joined the club and signed a contract for six years. The contract between the two parties will take effect on July 1 day. At the same time, Manchester United also announced the completion of the transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo in official website, and confirmed that the transfer fee was 80 million pounds. The transfer fee of 80 million pounds has also rewritten the highest record in football. According to Spanish media, Cristiano Ronaldo's annual salary will reach 6.5438+0.3 million euros, 5.5 million more than when he played for Manchester United.

[Edit this paragraph]

Cristiano ronaldo personal information

Full name: Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Abero

Date of birth: February 5th 1985 (1985-02-05) (age 24).

Place of birth: Madeira Fonchard, Portugal

Height: 1 .85m (6ft1inch)

Kicking position: right wing, forward

Club information

Current club: Real Madrid Club of France

No. 9

youth club

1993– 1995 CF andor inha

1995–1997cd countries

1997–20065438+0 sports CP

Senior club

20065438+0–2003 Sports CP 25 (3)

2003-2009 Manchester United 237 (9 1)

national team

In 2003, Portugal scored 54 (20).

His favorite movie: The Sixth Sense.

His favorite TV program: Who doesn't want to be a millionaire?

His favorite actress: Angelina Jolie.

His favorite colors: white and red.

His favorite number: 7.

His favorite cola: Coca Cola.

Hair/eyes: light brown/brown

Religion: Christianity-Catholicism

Mother: Maria dolores dos Santos Aveiro

Father: Jose Dinitz Aveiro (1954–London, September 5, 2005)

Brother: Hugo Aveiro (1975)

Sisters: Elma Aveiro (1974) and Katia Aveiro (1976).

Uncle: Alex Aveiro

Car: Silver Porsche, Red Ferrari 435

Advertisement: Appeared in several Nike advertisements.

Appeared in Suzuki's TV advertisement.

He doesn't smoke!

Scored 1 0,000 league goals against Middlesbrough FC.

Filmography:

2006 World Cup in Germany (2006) (mini) TV series ... himself.

Manchester United: Playing like a champion (2003) (5) ... himself

[Edit this paragraph]

Sina Sports News announced in Manchester United official website that it accepted Real Madrid's offer for Cristiano Ronaldo (80 million pounds, about 94 million euros), and many European media responded quickly, on the one hand, because Cristiano Ronaldo has been the focus of the European transfer market in the past two years, and on the other hand, because the price offered by Real Madrid is really amazing.

Florentino's new Galaxy warship formation has taken a step further.

[Edit this paragraph]

Nickname as a child: Kluivert (Kluivert of the Netherlands became famous at that time)

Childhood idol: diego maradona

Current idols: Ronaldo and Henry.

The most wanted celebrity: mike tyson.

Favorite city: Funchal, the capital of Madeira Islands.

Favorite music: dance music

Favorite drink: a kind of juice called Santar.

Favorite food: "Bacalhau a Braz" (a Portuguese food, mainly composed of cod, supplemented by potatoes and scrambled eggs)

Favorite colors: white and red.

Favorite movie: The Sixth Sense

Favorite program: Who wants to be a millionaire (prototype of Happy Dictionary)

Favorite actor: Michelle Van Damme.

Favorite actress: Angelina Jolie.

Favorite singers: Ricky Martin and jennifer lopez.

Favorite "Charlie Angel": Drew Barrymore.

Dream car: aston martin

The most intolerable mistake: betrayal

Habits before competition: wear a cross around your neck and kiss three times before each competition.

Leisure time: watching movies and walking with friends, sometimes staying at home alone.

Recently bought CD: The Silent Age by Ricky Martin.

Published autobiography: Instant (* * * 176 page)

The origin of the name

Ronaldinho's father named his son Ronald in memory of the famous American President Ronald Reagan. However, this is not because Ronaldinho's father is interested in politics. On the contrary, he was attracted by Reagan's film performances before he entered politics.

If Ronaldo loves to cry, will you believe it? But it's true. C Ronaldo is one of the six crying superstars in Europe. Speaking of crying, I'm afraid no one can match Manchester United's star Cristiano Ronaldo. By hand index, this gentleman shed tears at least six times: he lost to Greece in the final of the European Championship in 2004, was replaced by injury in the final of the World Cup in 2006, scored a key penalty in the final of the World Cup in 2006 and lost to Greece in the semi-final of the World Cup in 2006. Beat Chelsea on penalties in the 2007-08 Champions League final, and was eliminated by Germany in the final of this European Championship14. For a person, crying six times in four years is nothing, but for a superstar like C Ronaldo, crying in public at such a high frequency shows that his psychological quality needs to be improved. ...

God favors people who are self-reliant.

Cristiano Ronaldo comes from Madeira, a beautiful Atlantic island belonging to Portugal. Like Ronaldinho and Ronaldinho, Ronaldinho was born in a poor family. Ronaldinho's father is a gardener of a football club. Ronaldinho has two sisters and one brother. Ronaldo's father influenced young Ronaldinho in football. The football he plays in the backyard is his inseparable friend. "Seriously, I don't know why I love it so much, but this is my job." Ronaldinho said this. However, Funchal, who is not rich, doesn't have many suitable venues to play football. "I will be very relaxed and happy-at Christmas and birthday, what I want most is football. Although our family had no money, I would be very happy if we could get a ball. I've always wanted to sew football by hand because they can play for a long time. I have my own stadium, which is concrete, and that is the main street. I am always playing football, and sometimes I play truant to play football. " He began to change his tricks and learned never to admit defeat. "The children playing football in the street are older than me. I can only shake them and move on. Of course, they often push me down or shovel me. This is a spiritual provocation. You can't give up You must stand up and beat him with football. " Ten years have passed, and now, in any stadium in the world, Ronaldo is still doing the same thing, knocked down by his opponent again and again, getting up again and again and continuing to break through.

Ronaldinho's outstanding performance quickly attracted the attention of the local national club, so Ronaldinho became famous in the national team. At that time, team coach Mendongka recalled: "Ronaldo is the best young player I have ever seen, and I can't even believe his skills." At that time, we often won 9 or 65,438+00 goals, and C Ronaldo often scored half of the goals. " 1998, the Portuguese powerhouse Sporting Lisbon was also impressed by Ronaldo's talent. They introduced Cristiano Ronaldo, who was only 13 a year, at a low price of 1500. Probably Sporting Lisbon didn't expect that after five years, Ronaldinho's worth has increased by nearly 1 1,000 times.

Ronaldinho's Madeira country accent became the laughing stock of his counterparts in the capital during his first few months in the Lisbon Athletic Youth Team. For this reason, he once felt inferior and clashed with his teammates who imitated his speech more than once. Ronaldinho said: "My accent is very strong, because I come from a small island, which is different from other children. In retrospect, it's not bad. It taught me how to support myself. I learned to be independent when I was very young. " To make matters worse, Ronaldinho was almost kicked out of the team because he grew too fast, because the coach thought his movements were too clumsy.

Ronaldinho received five years' rigorous and scientific training in Chet Training Camp in Alcaud, a "Football DreamWorks" for cultivating soccer talents such as Figo, and the club also gave him scientific training. In training, you will often see Ronaldinho resting outside the court. The club predicts his future height through physical examination and monitors his exercise. Through unremitting efforts, Ronaldinho began to become the best among his peers. When Ronaldinho came to Lisbon from Madeira Island, the venerable old Portuguese coach Aurelio Pereira said, "From the age of 1 1, I thought that this player might become a superstar in the future. Ronaldo showed all the potential to be a superstar at an early age. His achievements today don't surprise me. I don't think I have the magic power to discover and create a genius, but experience tells me that he will become a superstar ... whenever I watch him play football, it's like watching a child from Lisbon competitive youth training school play football. "

Ronaldinho is the first player to join the second and first teams of U 16 (teams under sixteen), U 17, U 18 and other clubs in the same season, becoming the only player in the history of the club to participate in five different levels of competition in one season. In September, 2002, he scored two goals on his debut in Portuguese Super League, and his score of three goals in 25 games a season is good enough for a child of 17 years old.

Inheritance No.7 Legend

The young Ronaldinho quickly attracted the attention of Europe. Queiroz, a Portuguese Manchester United assistant who briefly coached La Liga giants Real Madrid, later recalled: "I have been paying attention to Cristiano. Every time we discuss whether to sign him or quaresma, I will emphasize my point of view. We can't sign two people. I believe Cristiano. In the summer of 2003, when I left Manchester United to coach at Real Madrid, I listed him as the first target. He was the first on the transfer list I submitted to Real Madrid Sports director valdano. But now it seems that we are very lucky that he joined Manchester United. "

On August 6th, 2003, Sporting Lisbon played a friendly match with Manchester United in the new stadium named "Albarad -2 1" to commemorate the official opening of the new stadium rebuilt for the 2004 European Football Championship. Ronaldinho's outstanding performance helped Sporting Lisbon beat Manchester United 3-/kloc-0. He left a deep impression on Manchester United players at that time, and they strongly recommended Ferguson to sign this talented player on the plane back to Manchester. "Cristiano did a very good job and all doubts were eliminated," Queiroz said. "Alex (Ferguson) must make a quick decision after the Lisbon game. Otherwise valdano and I will get him. "

On August 8, 2003, Manchester United announced that it had signed a five-year contract with Cristiano Ronaldo, with a transfer fee of 654.38+022.4 million. Ronaldinho became the first Portuguese player in Manchester United history. His transfer fee also broke the record of 8.5 million pounds for young Premier League players held by another Portuguese, Viana, a year ago.

"Christian? He is great and I think his skills are too extravagant for a Premier League defender. " Figo's comments quelled people's doubts about Ronaldinho's value12.24 million. Portuguese legend Sebbio praised him: "As a player, he can do whatever he wants. Sometimes his ball control skills make me applaud, but I still don't understand how he did it. " Sebbio even painted a brilliant future for Ronaldinho: "He is not only a football player, he will become one of the symbols of football. No matter which league he plays for, no matter which team he plays for, he will make the most important contribution. "

Legendary superstar George Best is Manchester United's No.7. During his 65,438+07 coaching career, Ferguson took this jersey as a symbol of the club's top stars-George Best, Bryan Robson, cantona and Beckham. Now, whether Ronaldinho can continue this legend is expected. Ronaldinho said: "After I joined, the coach asked me which number I wanted, and I said No.28, but Ferguson said,' No, you will get No.7.. This famous jersey gives me extra motivation and I have to work hard to deserve this number. "

Before the match against Bolton on August 16, 2003, most comments about Cristiano Ronaldo were in Portuguese, but after that 29-minute match, English became the dominant language. Ferguson, who has always been harsh, made no secret of his praise for the Portuguese: "He seems to be a new hero in the hearts of fans, and I have to use him carefully, because you know that he is only 18 years old now, and I have to look after and protect him carefully." In the 2003-04 season, Ronaldinho made 39 appearances in various competitions and scored the first goal in the FA Cup final against Millwall, which made great contributions to winning the Cup for Manchester United. At the end of the season, Ronaldinho was voted by Manchester United fans as the club's "Sir Busby's Best Player Award".

Although he met with a lot of resistance at first-for his fancy ball style, the comments in the market have always been mixed. However, Ronaldo grew up under the careful cultivation of Ferguson. He helped Manchester United win the FA Cup twice in 2004 and 2006 and the Carling Cup in 2005-06. In 2006, he was selected as the best team in the Premier League, the best newcomer of the International Professional Players Association and the sports celebrity of the year in Portugal. Manchester United's new number 7 is on the way.

"The stadium is the place where his feet have the final say. Football can make him leave the chaotic and hostile environment and forget the cold weather in Manchester and the bad food in England. "

Ronaldinho really broke out after the World Cup in Germany. Because of Rooney's red card in the 2006 World Cup, he thought about leaving Old Trafford for Spain, but after the efforts of Sir Alex Ferguson, the Red Devils manager, he chose to stay at Manchester United. Later facts proved how right he was to stay.

In the 2006-07 season, Portuguese No.1 azazel completed a stunning transformation and led Manchester United to win the Premier League title four years later. He scored 23 goals in various competitions, including Premier League 17 goals, second only to Chelsea striker Drogba and Blackburn striker McCarthy in the scorer list, and was the midfielder who scored the most goals. This season, he won the 13 award, among which Premier League players, professional journalists' associations and fans were selected as the best players of the year, and the best newcomer selected by Premier League players was a record grand slam. This season is Ronaldo's perfect season, and the background of all this can not be ignored: less than 12 months ago, because of the World Cup storm, Ronaldo was still a public enemy of Britain, and he was greeted by tens of thousands of people everywhere in England except Manchester United's home court. Cristiano Ronaldo said: "After what happened with Wayne (Rooney) in the World Cup, I was booed every time I played away. There are some particularly difficult moments, which I think are unfair. But you must ignore it, otherwise you can't concentrate on the game. In the first few weeks, I will repeat to myself before every game:' Never mind, play football in your own way!' Boos will change your game and many players will get lost, but on the contrary, I think these boos are good for me. They can make me calmer. I take them as a tribute, at least for me. "He is not only skilled, but also has a brave heart." This is the sign of a great player. "His manager Sir Alex Ferguson commented. After the end of the 2006-07 season, Manchester United announced the renewal of Ronaldinho's contract to 20 12, with a weekly salary of 120,000.

The qualitative change of a season brought surprises. In the defending 2007-08 season, people originally only expected Cristiano Ronaldo to continue his performance last season, but he ushered in a volcanic eruption. This year, Cristiano Ronaldo helped Manchester United win the Premier League championship in succession and won the third Champions League trophy for the club in history. The Portuguese also scored 3 1 goal and 8 goals respectively to become the top scorers in the two events.

Regarding Cristiano Ronaldo, Best said: "Many players are called' the new best', but this is the first time I feel that this title is a compliment to me." Sir Alex Ferguson would never gamble with Ronaldinho on the number of goals scored in a season. To some extent, he has surpassed the God of Manchester United fans-Best. He is better than "the best". Nothing can stop this genius. 42 goals in a single season is the data of top centers. As a winger, Ronaldinho did it. More importantly, his scoring methods are varied, from continuous breakthrough shooting to long-distance volley; Single-handedness, scoring, fixed-point penalties or free kicks are everywhere-we can't help but mention Ronaldo's free kick. How did he do it? After the ball bypassed the wall, it quickly fell, and with a slight rotation in the horizontal direction, the opposing goalkeeper could do nothing-he was already familiar with such a difficult free kick. Regarding Ronaldo's free kick technique, Ferguson explained with a smile, "There is no secret, it is important to practice. As I learned in school, practice makes perfect. The child practices the most diligently every day, which is why he is so excellent. At this time we will have a cup of tea and let him practice by himself. He has been practicing and will play for 20 or 25 minutes after practice. There he is, standing behind a pile of balls. There is a wall in front, bang, bang, bang ... He kicks about 30 times at a time, so ... "

He can surpass others with speed, fake moves, score goals, punish free kicks, grab points, make-up long shots, heel goals, heel assists and hat tricks. On the whole, venables, a famous British coach, commented on Cristiano Ronaldo: "He has speed, strength, physical fitness, skill, consciousness and courage. He is not only physically strong, but also mentally strong. " Wenger, head coach of Manchester United's Premier League rival Arsenal, knows C Ronaldo's ability too well. He abandoned the cliche of "one of the best in the world" and directly put the first crown on Ronaldo. He said: "Cristiano is the best football player in the world at present, because he perfectly combines the two most difficult things in professional football-style and efficiency. I appreciate his efficiency in scoring goals. He plays winger, but he can score so many goals, which you can't deny. "

Ronaldinho said: "People often say that I need to play better in major competitions. I respect this opinion, but I don't think I need anyone to prove myself. I am very satisfied with my progress now, and I am glad that I am still improving myself. Compared with a year ago, I am better, definitely much taller than when I first came to Manchester United. I hope this momentum can continue. " Puffed up? Of course, just like some procrastination celebrations after his goal. But it is not surprising that such a shooter said something bullish. Henry commented on Ronaldo and said, "This year is the year of Ronaldo. He will be the world footballer of the year, and no one can compare with him. The way he plays football now is a mockery of his competitors. I respect him from the bottom of my heart, especially when I see him coming back from the World Cup. All the British wanted to kill him, hoping that he would fail, but he didn't. "

C Ronaldo scored all the goals in the 2007-08 season.

In 2007

September 19 Champions League Sporting Lisbon 0- 1 Manchester United 1 Goal.

On September 29th, Premier League Birmingham scored 0- 1 Manchester United 1.

10 06 Premier League Manchester United 4-0 Wigan 2 goals

65438+1October 23rd Dynamo Kiev 2-4 Manchester United 2 goals.

1 1.03 Premier League Arsenal 2-2 Manchester United 1 goal

1 65438+1October 27th Champions League Manchester United 2- 1 Sporting Lisbon1goal.

65438+February 3 Premier League Manchester United 2-0 Fulham 2 goals

18 February Premier League Manchester United 4- 1 Derbyshire 1 goal

65438+February 23rd Premier League Manchester United 2- 1 Everton 2 goals.

65438+Sunderland 0-4 Manchester United 1 goal on February 26th.

65438+February 29th Premier League West Ham 2- 1 Manchester United 1 goal.

the year of 2008

0 1.05 fa cup villa 0-2 Manchester United 1 goal

065438+1October 12 Premier League Manchester United 6-0 Newcastle 3 goals

065438+ 10 month 19 premier league reading 0-2 Manchester United 1 goal

065438+10.27 FA Cup Manchester United 3- 1 Tottenham 2 goals.

065438+ 10 30 Premier League Manchester United 2-0 Portsmouth 2 goals.

February 23rd Newcastle 1-5 Manchester United scored 2 goals.

March 2004 Champions League Manchester United 1-0 Lyon 1 goal.

March 15 premier league Derbyshire 0- 1 Manchester United 1 goal.

March 19 Premier League Manchester United 2-0 Bolton 2 goals

On March 23rd, Premier League Manchester United scored 3-0 Liverpool/KLOC-0.

On March 29th, Premier League Manchester United scored 4-0 Villa 1.

April 0 1 Champions League Rome 0-2 Manchester United 1 goal

April 06 Premier League Middlesbrough 2-2 Manchester United 1 goal

April 13 premier league Manchester United 2- 1 arsenal 1 goal

May 03 Premier League Manchester United 4- 1 West Ham 2 goals.

May 1 1 Premier League Wigan 0-2 Manchester United 1 goal.

On May 22nd, Manchester United scored 7-6 Chelsea 1 in the Champions League.

[Edit this paragraph]

Cristiano Ronaldo played for the Portuguese national team below 17 (U 17), U 18 and U2 1. On August 20, 2003, he made his first appearance for the national team in a friendly match with Kazakhstan. Ronaldinho scored the only goal for Portugal in the first match of the 2004 European Cup in Portugal. In the semi-final against Holland, Ronaldinho's goal helped Portugal eliminate its opponents and reach the final of the European Championship. In the final, Dark Horse Greece defeated host Portugal 1-0 with a header in the second half and won the European Cup. Although 19-year-old Cristiano Ronal's first European Cup ended in failure, his skill and speed left a deep impression on the fans, which helped him to be selected as the best team in the 2004 European Cup. In 2004, when Ferguson made it clear after attending the European Cup that he didn't want to represent Portugal in the Olympic football match, and threatened that he might not be able to play in the main force, Ronaldinho said: "Considering that the Olympic Games is the only opportunity in an athlete's career or even life, I am proud to play for the Portuguese Olympic team, and I want to participate in the Olympic Games." Although Portugal went home after failing to qualify for the Olympic Games, he said it was his honor to play for the national team and he had no regrets.

In the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, he scored seven goals to help Portugal qualify for the 2006 World Cup in Germany, ranking second in the top scorer list. Cup final. In the 2006 World Cup group match against Iran, captain Figo gave Ronaldinho the penalty he made, and Ronaldinho calmly scored his first World Cup goal. He finally cooperated with his teammates to win the fourth place in the World Cup for Portugal.

February 6, 2007-The day after Ronaldinho's 22nd birthday, he was first appointed as the captain of the Portuguese team in the friendly match against Brazil. Once Figo and Costa were the backbone of the Portuguese team, but now Ronaldinho, who has taken over the captain's armband, obviously represents the hope of Portuguese football in the future. "In his youth of fifteen or twenty, he chased a wild horse, and he caught him and rode him." But Ronaldinho is also very uneasy about his future: "I don't think I am a genius. If you don't train today, you will regress tomorrow. " Relatives will help me steer, and I won't lose myself. "

The outstanding performance of the club did not fully show Cristiano Ronaldo's talent. Ronaldinho also performed well in the 2008 European Cup qualifiers, and his eight goals helped the team reach the final as scheduled. 565,438+0 times representing the Portuguese national team and 20 times breaking the opponent's door. Such impressive achievements have also made Ronaldo one of the most prolific shooters in the international arena.

Cristiano Ronaldo

Real Madrid official website officially announced on June 27th, 2009 that Cristiano Ronaldo had joined the club and signed a contract for six years.

On June/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/day, 2009, Premier League Manchester United announced that they had agreed to transfer Cristiano Ronaldo to La Liga Real Madrid for a world-record 80 million pounds (about/KOOC-0/.3/KOOC-0/.70 million US dollars).

A year ago, Real Madrid wanted to buy the 24-year-old "World and European Footballer of the Year", but Manchester United refused. After the end of the Premier League season, this team that won the European Championship trophy nine times finally succeeded at an incredible price.

Manchester United issued a statement on the same day saying: "Manchester United received an unconditional transfer offer of 80 million pounds from Real Madrid for Cristiano Ronaldo, setting a world record." The statement also said: "Christian once again expressed his desire to leave Manchester United. According to his request, after consulting with his representatives, Manchester United agreed to contact Real Madrid and Christian. The transfer is expected to be completed on June 30. " Real Madrid also confirmed this. They said in a statement: "The club hopes to reach an agreement with this player in the next few days."

Spanish giants Real Madrid just bought Brazilian midfielder Kaka from AC Milan this week, and it is reported that the transfer fee is about 68 million euros. Kaka is the first player that Perez signed after he returned to Real Madrid. Although UEFA disapproves of Real Madrid's profligacy, Real Madrid has no intention of stopping.

UEFA President Platini said: "This is really puzzling in the most difficult financial situation of football. These transfers are a serious challenge to the concepts of fair competition and financial balance. "

Although Cristiano Ronaldo himself has always said that playing in Real Madrid is his dream, Manchester United has always ignored the olive branch extended by Real Madrid and even threatened to report it to FIFA last year. Earlier this season, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson insisted that he would not even sell a "virus" to Real Madrid. However, Manchester United finally succumbed to the high price.

After Beckham moved to Real Madrid in 2003, 18-year-old Cristiano Ronaldo joined Manchester United from Sporting Lisbon. At that time, the transfer fee was only120,000. He quickly made contributions to the Premier League, helped Manchester United win the Premier League three times in a row, and scored in the Champions League final last year, contributing to Manchester United becoming a European champion. In June 5438+10, he beat Lionel Messi of Barcelona and Fernando Torres of Liverpool, and won the FIFA World Player of the Year title, becoming the first English club player to win this honor.