Brief introduction of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Classification: Society/Culture >> Folk Tradition

Problem description:

Information about Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Analysis:

Architectural evolution

During the Warring States Period, Lingnan was called the land of Baiyue, and Guangxi was a part of Baiyue. In 2 14 BC, the Qin Dynasty unified Baiyue and established Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun in Lingnan, among which Guilin and Xiang Jun included most of today's Guangxi, hence Guangxi was called "Gui".

In the early Song Dynasty, most of Guangxi belonged to Guangnan West Road, which was later referred to as Guangxi Road. This is the origin of the name "Guangxi". Guangxi was established as a big book province in Yuan Dynasty, which was the embryonic form of Guangxi's establishment as a province. In the Ming Dynasty, Guangxi was one of the three ministries and envoys of the whole country at that time, and it was called Guangxi Chengxuan Department and Ambassador Department, so the name of Guangxi was fixed. In Qing Dynasty, Guangxi was established as a province. From the founding of Guangxi to the Republic of China, the provincial capital was in Guilin for most of the time, and only 19 12 ~ 1936 once moved to Nanning.

1949 65438+February 1 1, the whole territory of Guangxi was liberated. In the early days of liberation, Guangxi Province was founded with Nanning as its capital. 1958 On March 5, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established. Since then, although the administrative divisions of Guangxi have changed from time to time, the setting at the autonomous region level has not changed. From 1978, 65438+February 1 1 (the founding day of Youjiang Soviet and Red Army) is designated as the anniversary of the establishment of the autonomous region.

topographical features

Guangxi is located in the south of the motherland, 20 54 ′ ~ 26 23 ′ north latitude and 65 438+004 29 ′ ~ 65 438+065 438+02 04 ′ east longitude. It is adjacent to Beibu Gulf in the south, across the sea from Hainan Province, Guangdong in the east, Hunan in the northeast, Guizhou in the northwest, Yunnan in the west and Vietnam in the southwest. Its land area is 236,700 square kilometers, accounting for 2.5% of the country's total land area, ranking ninth in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Guangxi is located in the southeast edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with few mountains. The terrain inclines from northwest to southeast, surrounded by mountains, and is basin-shaped. The edge of the basin is mostly fractured, and the central and southern parts are mostly flat. In the total land area, mountains (above 400 meters above sea level) account for 39.8%, Rocky Mountains (above 400 meters above sea level) account for 19.7%, hills (above 200-400 meters above sea level) account for 10.3%, and platforms (below 200 meters above sea level) account for 6.3%. The existing cultivated land area is about 40 million mu, accounting for 1 1% of the national land area, and the per capita cultivated land is 0.82 mu.

Guangxi is a coastal area. Beibu Gulf covers an area of about 1.293 square kilometers. The coastline starts from Simi estuary at the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi in the east and reaches Beilun estuary at the border between China and Vietnam in the west. The coastline of the mainland is long1more than 500 kilometers. There are two types of coasts: alluvial plain coast and platform coast. There are 697 coastal islands with a coastline of more than 600 kilometers and a total area of 84 square kilometers. Weizhou Island is the largest island along the coast of Guangxi, covering an area of about 28 square kilometers.

climate

Guangxi belongs to subtropical monsoon climate zone. The main features are long summer time, high temperature, more precipitation, short winter time and dry and warm weather. The annual average temperature is 2 1. 1℃. The hottest month is July, with an average monthly temperature of 23-29℃. The most Leng Yue is 65438+ 10 month, and the monthly average temperature is between 6- 14℃. The annual sunshine hours are 1396 hours. Annual accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ reaches 5000-8300℃ for 270-340 days. The annual average rainfall is 1835mm. Fangcheng in the south of Guangxi, Jinxiu-Zhaoping in the middle of Guangxi, Guilin in the northeast of Guangxi and Rong 'an in the northwest of Guangxi are rainy centers, with annual rainfall above 1900 mm, while the left and right river valleys and the basin in the middle of Guangxi are the main arid areas, with annual rainfall of only1100-1200mm.

Population and nationality

At the end of 2003, the total population of Guangxi was 48.57 million, ranking 10 in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. The population density is 205 people per square kilometer, which is 70 people higher than the national average. Of the total population, the urban population is 14 1 10000, accounting for 29.1%; The rural population accounts for 70.9%.

Guangxi is one of the five ethnic autonomous regions in China. The main ethnic groups are 12, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui and Gelao, and there are 25 other ethnic minorities. The population of Han nationality is about 30 million, accounting for 6 1.6% of the total population in the region. Minority population180,000, accounting for 38.4%. Among them, the population of Zhuang nationality is more than150 thousand, accounting for 85.7% of the minority population in the whole region.

administrative division

Guangxi * * * has 14 prefecture-level cities; Counties (cities, districts) 109, including 7 county-level cities, 57 counties, ethnic autonomous counties 12 and 33 municipal districts; There are 748 towns, 5 15 townships and 6 1 ethnic townships at the grassroots level.

History and culture

Guangxi has a long history. In the late Paleolithic period, that is, 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, there were "Liujiang people" and "Qilinshan people" working and living here.

After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, a canal was dug to connect the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, which promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Guangxi and the Central Plains. In the Han Dynasty, there were markets in Cangwu, Bushan and Hepu, and Hepu became an overseas trade port. In the Tang Dynasty, there were regular fairs in urban and rural areas such as Guizhou, Liuzhou, Yongzhou and Rongzhou. In the Song Dynasty, there was an exchange of goods with merchants. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mining industry in Guangxi developed greatly, mainly including gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tin and iron. According to statistics, there were 27 mines/kloc-0 in Qing Shunzhi from six to eighteen years, ranking third in China.

Guangxi is the source and place of some important historical events in modern China, such as jintian uprising, the Black Flag Army's anti-French campaign, the battle of Zhennanguan, and a number of outstanding figures such as Hong Xiuquan, Liu Yongfu and Feng Zicai emerged. A great man led the baise uprising and founded He Qijun and Youjiang Revolutionary Base.

A long history has formed a colorful and unique national culture in Guangxi. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the rock paintings created by the ancestors of Guangxi along the Zuojiang River, the bronze drums created before the Han Dynasty, and the simple and elegant Gan Lan architecture, which can avoid damp heat and prevent the invasion of snakes and beasts, became the cultural representatives of Guangxi at that time. Zhenwuge in Ming Dynasty and Yufeng Bridge in Chengyang of Sanjiang Dong nationality have high scientific and artistic value. Guangxi is known as the "Song Sea", which mainly includes the Song City on March 3rd of Zhuang nationality, Danu Festival of Yao nationality, Huashan Lusheng Festival of Miao nationality, Slope Walking Festival of Mulao nationality, Fireworks Festival of Dong nationality and unique Camellia oleifera, among which the traditional Song Festival of Zhuang nationality on March 3rd of the lunar calendar is the most grand. 1985, the people of the autonomous region * * * designated the "March 3rd" Song Festival as a cultural and artistic festival, which later evolved into Guangxi International Folk Song Festival, and 1999 was changed to Nanning International Folk Song Festival. 1 1 is held in Nanning every year, attracting many Chinese and foreign folk art lovers.

Most people and regions in Guangxi (including many ethnic minorities) speak Chinese dialects, including Cantonese, Southwest Mandarin, Hakka, Pinghua, Hunan dialect and Fujian dialect, which is one of the provinces with the largest variety of Chinese dialects in China. Most ethnic minorities speak Zhuang language. The local folk arts mainly include Guangxi Opera, Zhuang Opera, coloratura, Cantonese Opera, Yong Opera, Guangxi Fishing Drum and Tonggu Music.