Why do electric cars consume electricity quickly in winter?

Due to the cold weather, the temperature of the battery itself will decrease. When charging, reaching the intermediate body temperature is much slower than charging in summer, and only when it reaches this temperature can it be fully charged. Therefore, it is better to put the car indoors when charging.

When a car runs in cold weather, it also consumes electricity. When the battery itself discharges, the temperature is affected by cold weather, so it is difficult to completely discharge, so the running distance in cold weather is shorter than that in summer.

The battery capacity of electric vehicles is only 60% of that in summer at 0 degrees in winter. Due to the cold weather, the electrochemical reaction inside the battery is incomplete, leading to discharge. Generally speaking, how many kilometers a car battery can ride refers to the mileage that falls at room temperature (20 degrees). So I feel that the mileage of electric vehicles in winter is obviously shorter than that in summer.

Extended data:

Precautions for battery use of electric vehicles in winter:

Pay attention to the charging method

When choosing a charger, it is best to use a charger with correct charging termination devices (such as anti-overcharge time device, negative voltage difference (-dV) cut-off charging device and anti-overheating induction device) to avoid shortening the service life of the battery due to overcharge. Generally speaking, slow charging can prolong the service life of batteries more than fast charging.

When the new battery is charged for the first time, it will definitely take a long time to ensure full charge. For lead-acid batteries, regardless of the distance, they should be charged immediately after use, and charged while discharging. Don't think about charging until the battery is completely exhausted. If the car is not used for a long time, it should be recharged once a month. This can not only protect the battery, but also prolong its service life.

Pay attention to discharge method

The depth of discharge is the main factor affecting the battery life. The higher the discharge depth, the shorter the battery life. In other words, as long as the discharge depth is reduced, the service life of the battery can be greatly prolonged. Therefore, we should avoid over-discharging the battery to extremely low voltage.

First of all, you should not be overloaded or overweight (such as riding with people or loading heavy objects). When the instrument shows that the power is insufficient during driving, it is necessary to ride by manpower, because deep discharge will greatly consume the battery life.

Secondly, don't start the car directly with the motor at rest. It's best to start it with your feet. Don't discharge with high current. When the electric bicycle starts, carries people, gets on the bridge, goes uphill and runs against the wind, it needs pedal assistance to avoid instantaneous discharge of large current as much as possible, and avoid impact damage to the battery, which will affect the continuous driving mileage and service life of the battery. High current discharge easily leads to crystallization of lead sulfate, thus destroying the physical properties of battery plates.

Third, try to avoid sudden braking. Frequent sudden braking will affect braking flexibility and consume battery capacity. Don't drive too fast. The faster the vehicle speed, the greater the battery loss.

Finally, it is forbidden to mix batteries with different capacities, chemical structures or different charging levels, as well as different old batteries, which will lead to excessive discharge and even reverse charging of batteries.

If batteries with different capacities or old and new batteries are used together, liquid leakage and zero voltage may occur. This is because in the process of charging, some batteries are overcharged, some batteries are not fully charged, some batteries with high capacity are not fully discharged when discharged, and batteries with low capacity are overdischarged. This vicious cycle will damage the battery and lead to liquid leakage or low (zero) voltage.

Baidu encyclopedia-electric vehicle battery

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