The geographical location, terrain characteristics, and economic characteristics (industry and agriculture) of Japan, Russia, Australia, the United States, India, and Brazil

Japanese Geography 1. Geographical location

Japan is located at the eastern end of the Eurasian continent and belongs to Asia. It is an island country facing the sea on all sides, extending in an arc from northeast to southwest. To the east and south is the endless Pacific Ocean, to the west is the Sea of ??Japan and the East China Sea, and to the north is the Sea of ??Okhotsk. It faces North Korea, China, Russia, the Philippines and other countries across the sea.

2. Area and regional division

Japan is equivalent to Yunnan Province

The total area of ??Yunnan Province is 394,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4.1% of the total land area of ??the country. %.

Japan’s land area is: 377,748 square kilometers

The total land area: including small islands, it totals 377,835 square kilometers, of which 374,744 square kilometers are land area and 374,744 square kilometers are water area. It covers an area of ??3,091 square kilometers. Physical geography: Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, it is an arc-shaped island country extending from northeast to southwest. It faces China, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia across the East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Korean Strait, and Sea of ??Japan to the west. The land area is 377,880 square kilometers, including the four large islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu and more than 6,800 other small islands. The territorial sea area is 310,000 square kilometers. There is a territorial dispute with Russia over the "Four Northern Islands" (named "Southern Kuril Islands" by Russia), and a territorial dispute with South Korea over Takeshima (named "Dokdo" by South Korea). Mountains and hills account for 71% of the total area. There are more than 160 volcanoes in the country, more than 50 of which are active volcanoes and are famous earthquake areas in the world. Mount Fuji is the highest peak in the country and an active volcano, with an altitude of 3,776 meters. Hot springs are located all over the country. The rivers in the territory are short in flow and rich in water energy resources. The longest Shinano River is about 367 kilometers long. The largest lake is Lake Bipa, covering an area of ??672.8 square kilometers. Because it is surrounded by the ocean, it has a temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round. Compared with areas at the same latitude, there is no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and there are many plum rains in June. The average temperature in January is -6℃ in the north and 16℃ in the south; in July, it is 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation ranges from 700 to 3500 mm, with the highest reaching over 4000 mm.

3. Topography and topography

Japan is mountainous, and the mountains are distributed in ridges in the center of Japan, dividing Japan's land into the Pacific side and the Sea of ??Japan side. And hills account for 71% of the total area. Japan is located in the Pacific Volcanic and Seismic Belt, where frequent volcanic activities have brought great trouble to local people's lives. There are more than 160 volcanoes in the country, more than 50 of which are active volcanoes and are famous earthquake areas in the world. Therefore, it is said that it is a country of volcanoes and earthquakes. Mount Fuji is the highest peak in the country, with an altitude of 3776 meters. In the volcanic area, the scenery is beautiful and the hot spring resources are rich, making it a famous tourist resort.

4. Rivers, plains, and lakes

Most of Japan’s rivers originate from the central mountains and flow into the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of ??Japan to the east and west. Because Japan is narrow from east to west and the mountains are steep, the rivers are often short and rapid. During the rainy season and typhoon season, the amount of water increases and floods are likely to occur. To this end, Japan has built a large number of embankments and reservoirs for flood control. River water is widely used for domestic water, agricultural and industrial water, and hydroelectric power generation. Japan's plains are mainly distributed in the coastal areas downstream of rivers. They are mostly alluvial plains and are small in scale. The larger plains include Kanto Plain, Ishikari Plain, Echigo Plain, Noo Plain, Tokachi Plain, etc.

The largest lake is Lake Bipa, covering an area of ??672.8 square kilometers.

5. Coastline and Ocean

Japan’s coastline is 33,889 kilometers long. Since Japan is an island country, its coastline is very complex. The western side of the Sea of ??Japan has many cliffs and few ports, while the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean has many estuaries, forming many natural harbors.

The eastern Pacific side is surrounded by the Japan Warm Current (Kuroshio Current) from south to north, the Kuriloshima Cold Current (Oyashio Current) forms in the northeast, and the western Japan Sea side is surrounded by the Tsushima Warm Current and the Riman Cold Current. At the intersection of cold current and warm current, fish resources are abundant and it becomes a natural fishing ground. Because it is surrounded by the ocean, it has a temperate maritime monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. There are many typhoons in summer and autumn, and there are many plum rains in June. The average temperature in January is -6℃ in the north and 16℃ in the south; in July, it is 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation ranges from 700 to 3500 mm, with the highest reaching over 4000 mm. In recent years, the El Ni?o phenomenon, which causes sea water to heat up, has also had an impact on Japan. The main reason is that the duration of the rainy season is prolonged, which can easily lead to cold summers and warm winters.

6. Geomorphology and Geology

From the perspective of plate tectonics, Japan is located at the extinction boundary of the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, and is part of the western Pacific island arc-coast mountain-trench combination. . 68% of the country is mountainous. The highest mountain in Japan is the famous Mount Fuji, with an altitude of 3,776 meters. Since there are few plains, crops are grown on many mountains in Japan. The largest plain is the Kanto Plain. Japan is located in the Pacific Rim of Volcanoes and Seismic Belt. One-tenth of the world's volcanoes are located in Japan, and volcanic activities occur frequently across the country.

Serious earthquakes occur several times every century; the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the Nisei Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake that occurred in recent years were both strong earthquakes with magnitude 6 or above on the Richter scale and attracted attention from all over the world. There are many hot springs in Japan and they have developed into tourist attractions.

Because the islands of Japan extend very long in the northeast direction, spanning about 20 degrees of latitude from north to south, there are many types of climate. The climate type is mostly temperate monsoon climate, and the southern Kyushu Island, Shikoku, and Ryukyu Islands (their ownership is disputed) have subtropical monsoon climate. The northern islands have warm summers and very long, cold winters, often with heavy snowfall. The central and western regions have relatively dry winters, rarely snow, and humid summers.

Japan is an island country and is deeply affected by the Kuroshio Current. It has a distinct maritime climate and beautiful cherry blossoms.

7. Japanese climate

Japan is deeply influenced by the Kuroshio, Oyashio and other ocean currents. It has an obvious oceanic climate with very small temperature differences throughout the year. Most of Japan has a temperate climate. However, because the islands of Japan extend very long from southwest to northeast, spanning about 20 degrees of latitude from north to south, the climate across the country is still very different and can be divided into six climate zones, respectively. Yes:

Hokkaido climate: Hokkaido is not affected by the rainy season and has less rainfall than other places in Japan. Summers are short and cool; winters are long and cold.

Sea of ??Japan climate: the scope is the western coast of Honshu Island. In winter, controlled by the Siberian high pressure, northwest winds blow. At the same time, the warm Tsushima Current passes through the Sea of ??Japan in winter and brings a large amount of water vapor, so there is often heavy snowfall. There is less precipitation in summer and sometimes unusually high temperatures due to foehn winds.

Central highland climate: typical inland climate. Cold in winter and cool in summer. There are large temperature differences between winter and summer and between day and night. Low rainfall

Pacific side climate: including most of the east coast of Honshu, Minami-Shikoku and Kyushu. Affected by the southeast monsoon in summer, there are strong plum rains and many typhoons. There is less snowfall in winter.

Seto Inland Sea type climate: including the Sanyo area, Kitakushikoku, Kinki and Kyushu local areas. The weather here is often sunny, with little rainfall, and it suffers from drought from time to time.

Climate of the Nansei Islands: the scope is the Ryukyu Islands. The climate here is subtropical, with hot summers and warm winters. Heavy rainfall. It is often hit by typhoons in summer.

Japan is a region with more precipitation in the world. The main causes include winter snowfall in areas on the Sea of ??Japan; continuous rainy season in June and July (May and June in Okinawa and Amami); and typhoons that land in or approach Japan from summer to autumn. The highest recorded temperature in Japan is 40.9 degrees, measured in Kumagai City, Saitama Prefecture and Tajimi City, Gifu Prefecture on August 16, 2007; the lowest recorded temperature record is -41 degrees, measured in January 1902 Measured in Asahikawa City, Hokkaido on the 25th. Russia

1. The country with the largest territory in the world: more than 17 million square kilometers.

2. Terrain dominated by plains and plateaus:

①Main mountain ranges: Ural Mountains and Caucasus Mountains.

②Two major plains: Eastern European Plain and West Siberian Plain.

③Plateau: Central Siberian Plateau and East Siberian Highlands.

3. Long and cold winter climate:

① Most areas have a temperate continental climate.

② There are obvious climate differences in different regions: the western part of the Eastern European Plain has a milder climate, Siberia has very cold winters, and the Arctic Ocean coast has a polar tundra climate.

4. Rivers and lakes:

①The longest river in Europe - the Volga River.

②The Ob River, Yenisei River and Lena River in Siberia.

③Lake Baikal and the Caspian Sea.

5. Abundant natural resources:

① Forest and water resources.

② Mineral resources: coal, oil, natural gas, iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, etc.

6. A multi-ethnic country: more than 100 ethnic groups.

7. Industries dominated by heavy industry:

①Heavy industries include steel, fuel and power, machinery, chemistry, aerospace, etc.

②The main industrial areas include Moscow Industrial Area, St. Petersburg Industrial Area, Ural Industrial Area and Novosibirsk Industrial Area.

8. Unstable agriculture:

①The temperature in the northern region is low, which is not conducive to agricultural production.

② Cereal output is unstable, with wheat and potatoes being the main agricultural products.

9. Developed transportation network mainly based on railways:

① Radial railway network with Moscow as the center.

②The Trans-Siberian Railway and the BKA Railway.

③Two major seaports: St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea coast and Murmansk (deep sea ice-free port) on the Arctic Ocean coast.

10. Development of the eastern region: construction of hydropower stations, railways, development of oil fields and natural gas fields. Australia is located between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean and consists of the Australian mainland, Tasmania and other islands and overseas territories. It borders the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea of ??the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas to the west, north and south, with a coastline of about 36,700 kilometers. It covers an area of ??7.692 million square kilometers, accounting for the vast majority of Oceania. Although it is surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 35% of the country's area.

The country is divided into three regions: eastern mountains, central plains and western plateaus. The country's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko, is 2,230 meters above sea level, and the longest river, the Melbourne River, is 3,490 miles long. Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with the lake level 12 meters below sea level. On the eastern coast is the world's largest coral reef, the Great Barrier Reef. The north is tropical and most of it is temperate. The annual average temperature is 27°C in the north and 14°C in the south. The inland areas are dry and drier, with annual precipitation less than 200 mm, and the eastern mountainous areas have 500-1200 mm.