What kind of disinfectant is good for swimming pool?

He' nan Jin Rui water treatment equipment co., ltd

Selection of disinfectant for swimming pool water

The choice of disinfectant should meet the following requirements: it has the function of continuous sterilization; (1) does not cause water and environmental pollution, and does not change the water quality of the pool; (2) no or little irritation to human body; (3) Low corrosiveness to building structures, equipment and pipelines.

Common disinfection methods for swimming pools

A, pure chemical disinfection method

The method of adding chemical disinfectant is usually chlorine-containing disinfectant. Commonly used chlorine-containing disinfectants are: (1) liquid chlorine (2) calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder) (3) sodium hypochlorite (efficient bleaching powder and bleaching water) (4) sodium dichloroisocyanurate (excellent chlorine) (5) trichloroisocyanuric acid (strong chlorine) (6) bromochlorohydantoin.

(1) liquid chlorine

Advantages: It contains 100% available chlorine, and has strong sterilization ability and continuous sterilization ability, and has the ability to remove algae, odor and odor. Widely used, mature technology, low investment and operation cost of disinfection system, often used for disinfection in water plants.

Insufficient: General dose is ineffective for viruses, pathogenic insects, etc. And cannot oxidize complex compounds such as general pesticides. It is greatly influenced by PH value and reacts with some organic substances to produce unpleasant chlorine smell. Liquid chlorine as disinfectant causes obvious secondary pollution to human body and environment, and chlorine-containing disinfectants and by-products are harmful to human health. It is dangerous to use and requires special safety equipment. Liquid chlorine should have professional safety measures during storage and transportation. After joining the swimming pool, it is particularly acidic. It needs to add a lot of alkali to adjust the pH value, so liquid chlorine is rarely used in swimming pools now.

(2) bleaching powder

Advantages: wide application. Its main component is calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2], which contains 25%-30% available chlorine. Calcium hypochlorite is a disinfectant widely used in swimming pools. Hypochlorous acid, an effective component, can penetrate into cells, oxidize sulfhydryl genes of cell enzymes and destroy cell metabolism. Can be applied to water with different water quality conditions, and has good sterilization effect. In acidic environment, its bactericidal power is strong and rapid, and high concentration can kill spores.

Disadvantages: unstable, can be decomposed by light, heat, humidity and CO2, and should be stored in a dark and dry place for no more than 1 year. Because of its corrosion and bleaching, it is not suitable for metal instruments and colored textiles. If the storage time is too long, it should be prepared according to the actual available chlorine content. Moreover, there is residue after bleaching powder reaction, which blocks the pipeline and affects the water quality. Now it is gradually eliminated.

(3) Sodium hypochlorite

Alias efficient bleaching powder. Pure product is white powder, usually gray-green crystal, which is unstable in air. Sodium hypochlorite has the smell of chlorine and can be mixed with water. The solution is alkaline. The pH value of the emulsion stock solution is as high as 12, which can be reduced to 7~9 with the increase of the dilution of the aqueous solution. Sexual instability, accelerated decomposition when exposed to heat. It can bleach and corrode objects.

Advantages: Its available chlorine content is generally 10%- 12%, which is less dangerous than liquid chlorine and has good disinfection effect.

Disadvantages: chlorine in bleaching water is extremely unstable, and its available chlorine will gradually decrease with the influence of environment, temperature, humidity, light and storage time. Because it decays very quickly, it can't be stored on site for a long time, and it is corrosive, so it is difficult to store and operate. The requirements for equipment are very high, and the daily maintenance of equipment is also very difficult. Sodium hypochlorite will greatly increase the pH value of pool water, which needs to be adjusted by adding a lot of acid.

(4) sodium dichloroisocyanurate

Advantages: sodium dichloroisocyanurate is also famous for chlordecone, and its molecular formula is (C3C 12N3O3)Na, abbreviated as SDIC. It is a widely used organochlorine disinfectant, containing 60%-64.5% available chlorine, and has the advantages of high efficiency, broad spectrum, stability, high solubility and low toxicity. The aqueous solution can be used for spraying, soaking and wiping, and can also be used for directly disinfecting pollutants and treating excrement such as feces, and has the same use as bleaching powder. When it is mixed with paraformaldehyde dry powder and ignited, its gas can be fumigated and disinfected. It can also be synthesized with coagulant No.92 (adding iron powder, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide). Based on aluminum hydroxide) in the ratio of 1: 4, it can be used for disinfection of drinking water. It can be mixed with sodium nitrate to prepare various disinfection and cleaning liquids, such as Dijingmei and Youchlorine. Can quickly kill viruses, bacteria and their buds, and can effectively prevent infectious diseases such as hepatitis.

The sterilization effect is not enough, which is greatly influenced by the use conditions, and it is sensitive to eyes and skin and has an odor. It can be used as an impact treatment agent and cyanuric acid as a stabilizer, which is stable under ultraviolet rays and suitable for outdoor swimming pools, but it will lead to the problem of excessive stability when used in indoor swimming pools.

Trichloroisocyanuric acid Trichloroisocyanuric acid is commonly known as strong chlorine essence, the molecular formula is C3N3O3Cl3, and the abbreviation is TCCA. It is a chlorinated derivative of isocyanuric acid, with effective chlorine content as high as 90%, mainly granular and flaky, and has strong bactericidal ability.

Advantages: Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum and rapid disinfectant promoted internationally at present, which can effectively and quickly kill various bacteria, fungi, spores, molds and cholera orphans. It has a special effect on killing hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus, and also has a good disinfection effect on sexual virus and AIDS virus.

Disadvantages: its dissolution is slow, and it may not keep up with the consumption rate of residual chlorine when the swimming pool load is high, which leads to the decrease of disinfection ability. Its pH value is low, and it also needs a lot of alkali adjustment. Trichloroisocyanuric acid contains cyanuric acid as a stabilizer, which is stable under ultraviolet rays and suitable for outdoor swimming pools, but it will lead to the problem of excessive stability when used in indoor swimming pools. At the same time, the use of trichloroisocyanuric acid will inevitably produce harmful chlorination by-products, which is also the same disadvantage of chlorine-based chemicals.

(6) Advantages of bromochlorohydantoin: bromochlorohydantoin is commonly known as bromine tablet (BCDMH for short), and its molecular formula is C5H6BrClN2O2. Its effective components contain chlorine and bromine, which are generally crystalline powder and white tablets. Bromine preparation is more stable than chlorine preparation, with milder smell and less sensitive to pH change. Disadvantages: Bromine tablets are expensive, and the sterilization speed is slow because they are slightly soluble in water. Bromine preparation is corrosive at high dose and has strong irritation to human skin, eyes and cells. Under the condition of swimming pool, bromate will be produced, which is a known carcinogen. Bromine is widely used in outdoor swimming pools because it has no suitable ultraviolet stabilizer.

(7) The molecular formula of chlorine dioxide is ClO2, which is a yellow-green gas with pungent smell and is volatile. At -5 ~ 95℃, the quality is stable and it is not easy to decompose. It can be activated after adding acid to produce free chlorine dioxide. It is not a chlorine-containing disinfectant, but actually a peroxide disinfectant.

Advantages: Chlorine dioxide has strong oxidation effect, which can make amino acids in microbial protein oxidatively decompose, leading to amino acid cleavage and protein decomposition, thus causing microbial death. It is an efficient disinfectant, which can kill various microorganisms, including bacterial propagules, spores, fungi, viruses and even protozoa. Disinfection is quick and lasting, with few disinfection by-products, effective killing and water quality control effects, wide range of PH and water quality, and strong ability to oxidize organic matter.

Deficiency: Chlorine dioxide itself and its disinfection products are also toxic, and by-products will produce chlorate and chlorate, which will cause mutation, abnormal sperm, abnormal chemical composition of blood and urine, and affect liver function and renal failure. Organic matter has a certain influence on disinfectant, and the sterilization effect is mainly affected by the concentration of activator and activation time. Chlorine dioxide needs on-site generating equipment, which has large investment and high operating cost. On-site reaction needs to use dangerous chemicals as raw materials, which all form dangerous hidden dangers.

Disadvantages of Chlorine-based Chemicals Disinfection (1) Chlorine-based chemicals have certain toxicity, and chlorine-containing organic substances in water can irritate people's eyes and skin, thus causing red eyes and rashes. Long-term contact with pool water will cause hair discoloration and yellowing, skin redness, vaginal itching, endocrine disorders and other problems. (2) Chlorine preparation will react with organic substances in water to generate a variety of chlorinated organic substances, such as chloroform, chloroform, etc., which are recognized as carcinogens and mutagens. In particular, children are in the developmental stage, and contact should be avoided as much as possible. (3) Corrosion of swimming pool structure, equipment and pipeline; Require a high level of operation and management, otherwise safety accidents will occur; (4) After adding chlorine preparation, the pH value of water will inevitably change, which makes people feel uncomfortable, so it is necessary to add alkaline or acidic substances to neutralize it. (5) Chlorine preparations are dangerous in transportation, storage and use.

Second, ultraviolet disinfection ultraviolet radiation is a low-energy electromagnetic radiation, with an energy of only 5eV and poor penetration. The energy of ultraviolet irradiation is low, which is not enough to cause atomic ionization, but only to generate excitation, so that electrons are in a high energy state without leaving. Ultraviolet rays penetrate water and act on nucleic acids and protoplasmic proteases, causing chemical changes and microbial death. Generally, 253.7nm is the representative wavelength of germicidal ultraviolet. Ultraviolet lamp is widely used in health and epidemic prevention, medical treatment and industrial disinfection because of its convenient use and certain sterilization effect.

Advantages: ultraviolet disinfection has the advantages of short contact time, high sterilization efficiency, no change in physical and chemical properties of water, no odor and other harmful by-products such as halogenated methane.

Disadvantages: before disinfection, the turbidity of raw water is required to be high, and a certain water flow thickness must be ensured. When the water depth is large, the sterilization effect drops sharply, and there is no continuous sterilization effect in the disinfected water. And ultraviolet disinfection also needs to use its specific device, and the water treatment capacity of each lamp is limited, and it needs to be cleaned and replaced regularly, which is also expensive, and there is recovery phenomenon, which affects the disinfection effect.

Third, ozone disinfection method Ozone is an unstable lavender gas at normal temperature and pressure, which has the ability to kill various viruses and bacteria, and has excellent effects on degrading various organic poisons, removing color, odor and odor, and improving water quality. Its mechanism of action is to destroy the dehydrogenase of bacteria, interfere with its respiratory function, oxidize various enzymes and protein, destroy the structure of cell membrane, and achieve disinfection effect.

Advantages: strong oxidation ability, can remove or reduce the odor, odor, color, metal ions and other problems in water, and has the function of helping coagulation and reducing turbidity. The sterilization effect is remarkable, the effect is quick, the disinfection effect is less affected by the water quality, the broad spectrum is efficient, and the side effect is small. (1) has fast reaction and small dosage. Ozone can quickly kill bacteria, spores and viruses dispersed in water, and can kill bacteria and viruses at very low concentrations. (2) ozone has strong adaptability, and has little influence on its disinfection performance when the pH value is 5.6-9.8 and the water temperature is 0-37℃; (3) no persistent residue is generated in water; (4) It can destroy the organic matter in the water, improve the physical properties and organ sensation of the water, decolorize and deodorize, and make the water blue without changing the natural properties of the water.

Insufficient: (1) Ozone has poor treatment effect on algae and red nematodes. After ozone treatment, organic macromolecules will break into the nutrient source of microbial metabolism. After treatment, the AOC (bioabsorbable organic carbon) in water will increase by 2-6 times, and the oxygen content in water will increase, which is beneficial to the reproduction of autotrophic microorganisms, and then the water quality will deteriorate to green. (2) There is no lasting effect, so it needs medication to help. Because the solubility of ozone in water is very low, and the half-life is very short, only 20 minutes, so in order to ensure the continuous sterilization in daily application, chlorine-based agents are often added for assistance. (3) Ozone disinfection equipment has high cost and high power consumption. When using ozone machine, it is usually equipped with oxygen generator, dryer and tail gas processor. These are the main reasons that limit the widespread use of ozone disinfection. (4) Ozone is toxic. As a strong oxidant, it is a good disinfectant. Because of this characteristic, ozone can react with almost any biological tissue, so we must pay attention to its quantity when using the ozone generator. However, it is difficult to monitor ozone with current technology. When ozone exceeds the standard, it will quickly react with cells, liquids and tissues in the respiratory tract, resulting in weakened lung function and tissue damage. Long-term exposure to ozone can cause neurotoxicity, dizziness and headache, and memory loss; It will oxidize vitamin E in human skin, leading to wrinkles and dark spots on human skin.

4. Copper-silver metal ion disinfection method The application of metal ion treatment method in swimming pool field has been quite mature in Europe, America and Japan, and it is the leader of a new generation of swimming pool treatment technology. Because the metal ion treatment method is purely physical disinfection, it does not produce any harmful by-products after treatment, and the water quality reaches the EU standard. Because the whole process does not produce waste gas, it has been recognized and recommended by the European Environmental Protection Agency. At present, it has been widely used in the international space station, the Olympic swimming pool and the private swimming pool of high-end villas. Action mechanism: ① According to research, bacteria or microorganisms in water are generally negatively charged, while silver and copper ions excited by Ankang system are positively charged, so copper and silver ions in water can flocculate with bacteria, viruses or microorganisms, and flocs are removed from the pool through the filtration system. (2) Silver ion has extremely high reduction potential, and it is the metal ion with the strongest bactericidal ability in nature. As long as every liter of water contains two parts per million of silver ions, most bacteria in water can be killed. When the bacteria are killed by Ag, Ag is released from the dead cells of the bacteria and then comes into contact with other colonies. The above process is repeated, which is also the reason why silver sterilization persists. (3) Copper ions have a strong inhibitory and killing effect on bacteria, especially autotrophic bacteria, and can kill bacteria such as Escherichia coli and dysentery in water, especially to prevent green algae pollution and beriberi infection through the floor. At present, all kinds of commonly used fungicides and algicides contain copper, which is based on the principle that copper ions can kill bacteria and algae.

Advantages: (1) Wide range of PH and temperature, wide range of water quality and low operating cost; (2) It is odorless and nontoxic, and excessive intake will not cause harm (it is an essential trace element for human body, and excessive absorption will be automatically excreted by human body). Does not irritate eyes and skin, and the water is clear and tasteless. ⑶ It can inhibit the growth of some algae and fungi for a long time, and does not need to add additional algaecide copper sulfate. (4) It does not affect the PH value of water quality, and it is unnecessary to add pH neutralizer. Because no chemical agent is added in the whole reaction process, no harmful by-products will be produced and no secondary pollution will be caused. 5. When fully contacted, most autotrophic bacteria can be killed at a very low concentration, and the sterilization ability is lasting, which is not affected by light and organic matter concentration; [6] Colloidal suspended solids such as bacteria and microorganisms, turbidity and organic chromaticity in water will be adsorbed by copper and silver ions, which has the function of sterilization and turbidity removal.

Disadvantages: (1) Due to the high cost of the whole set of copper and silver ion disinfection equipment, it is only widely used in the International Space Station, Olympic venues at home and abroad, private swimming pools in luxury villas, leisure clubs and hotels.

When the swimming pool is disinfected with disinfectant, it is best to put it in twice, once after the end of each day and once before opening 1-2 hours. This swimming pool disinfectant with trichloroisocyanuric acid as the main component belongs to chlorine-containing disinfectant and is volatile. The speed of volatilization is directly related to sunlight and temperature. In summer, the sun is fierce and the weather is hot, so the disinfectant is easy to volatilize. If the disinfectant is added after the end of each day, the efficacy of the disinfectant can be maintained for a longer time because the temperature is relatively low at night and there is no sunlight, so that the disinfection of the swimming pool water body is more thorough and effective; The next day, according to the different opening hours of each swimming pool, residual chlorine can be detected 1-2 hours before opening. If the residual chlorine is low, an appropriate amount of disinfectant can be added to make the residual chlorine meet the hygiene requirements. If the disinfectant is added too early, it will evaporate quickly, and the residual chlorine will not reach the standard when it is opened. Trichloroisocyanuric acid and a series of disinfectants based on trichloroisocyanuric acid, such as white powder, granules, tablets, blocks, cakes, balls, liquid packaging, etc., are the most ideal disinfectants with the best use, the widest application range and the largest processing export volume at home and abroad. Trichloroisocyanuric acid can completely replace all previous disinfectants in disinfection and sterilization effect and economic price. Achieve the effects of high efficiency, safety, broad spectrum and convenient use. Trichloroisocyanuric acid has been widely used at home and abroad in industrial circulating water treatment, drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, swimming pool treatment, industrial bleaching, public places, hospitals, families, seeds, breeding, disinfection and sterilization to prevent wool shrinkage, and has a killing effect on almost all fungi, bacteria, viruses and spores. The solid preparation is convenient and safe to store, transport and use; In addition to liquid chlorine, the chlorine-containing disinfectant with the highest chlorine content has high cost performance; At present, the most widely used chemicals for swimming pool water treatment and disinfection in the world; Sustained-release and instant tablet dosage forms are suitable for different types of drug delivery equipment and uses; The formula of chlorine-containing stabilizer can effectively inhibit the consumption loss of chlorine by ultraviolet rays and maintain the chlorine content of pool water. Sustained release type: 20-200g/tablet, with chlorine content of 85-90%; The drug effect can be maintained for 5~7 days after one administration; Uniformly and continuously adding, effectively preventing the fluctuation of chlorine content in pool water; Used in solid chlorine tablet dosing device, chlorine tablet floating cup, pool surface skimmer, integrated filtering equipment and other systems. We provide other medicines to maintain the water quality of swimming pools, specializing in solving the water quality problems of swimming pools, massage pools, spa pools and hot springs: 1, emergency treatment for the pool water turning green; 2, urea exceeds the standard; 3. Eliminate the chlorine smell in the swimming pool environment; 4. Kill green algae and water worms; 5. Improve the chroma and turbidity of water quality; 6. Solve the problem of metal ions in groundwater; 7. Restore the water quality to the original healthy level and increase the blue and bright color of the pool water; Physical and chemical properties of the product Name: trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA for short) commonly known as: strong chlorine essence and disinfectant specifications: the quality of this product meets the requirements of ZBG 16009—89-89 standard: effective chlorine content ≥90% Molecular formula: C3O3N3Cl3 Physical and chemical properties: this product is white crystalline powder or granule with pungent smell of hypochlorous acid, with a specific gravity of 0.96.