What's the weather like on Mars? How much do you know about Mars?

In the solar system, Mars is the fourth largest planet and the second asteroid after Mercury. It is one of the four major terrestrial planets in the solar system. Westerners call Mars the myth of Mars, the god of war in Roman mythology, also known as? Red planet? ; In ancient Chinese, because Mars shines like fire, its position and brightness often change, which makes people elusive, so it is called "flicker". Its orange appearance is because its surface is covered with hematite (iron oxide). The diameter of Mars is about half that of the Earth, and its rotation axis is tilted, and its rotation period is close to that of the Earth, but period of revolution is twice as large as the Earth. In most cases, the brightness of Mars will reach -2.9, but it is darker than Jupiter.

The atmosphere of Mars is mainly carbon dioxide, which is thin and cold, spreading all over craters, canyons, sand dunes and gravel, and there is no stable liquid water. The southern hemisphere is an ancient highland covered with craters, and the northern hemisphere is a younger lowland plain. On Mars, there is Mount Olympus, the largest mountain in the solar system, and the largest Mariner's Canyon. Mars has two natural satellites: Phobos and Phobos, which are irregular in shape and may be captured asteroids. Mars has four in-orbit probes, namely, the Mars Odyssey, the Mars Express, the Mars Global Probe and the MAVEN Mars Probe. There are many rovers and landers on the surface, such as Curiosity, Insight, Mars Pathfinder, Phoenix, Spirit and Opportunity. According to the observation evidence, Mars may have covered a large area of water before, and a phenomenon similar to groundwater gushing was observed. The Antarctic ice sheet has partially retreated, and radar data show that there are a lot of water ice under the polar and mid-latitude surface.

Between 687 Earth Days and 1.88 Earth Years or 668.6 Mars Days, the average distance from Mars to the sun is 1.52 AU (astronomical unit). The average time of Mars Day is 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35.244 seconds, which is 1.05438+0255438+0. Mars is a visible earth with a brightness of -2.9, which is only darker than Venus, the moon and the sun, but it is darker than Jupiter most of the time.

The shortest distance is about 55 million kilometers and the longest distance is over 400 million kilometers. Close contact between them occurs about once every 15 years. 1988, the distance between Mars and the earth will reach about 58.8 million kilometers, but in 20 18, the distance between Mars and the earth will reach 57.6 million kilometers. But on August 27th, 2003, the distance between Mars and the Earth was only about 55.76 million kilometers, the latest time in 60,000 years. However, according to astronomers' calculations, during the 800 years from 1600 to 2400, the distance between Mars and the Earth can only rank third. According to the calculation results, by September 2, 2366, the distance between them was about 557 10000 km. By August 28, 2287, the two will be closer, with a distance of about 55.69 million kilometers. Generally speaking, the year when Mars is close to the Earth is the best time to land on Mars and observe it on the ground.