After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Rebellion, towns all over the country took the opportunity to become bigger and stronger.

The five dynasties of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Friday were called "Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Later Zhou" in history. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty to establish Hou Liang, which was the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 923 AD, Li, the son of Li Keyong, king of Jin, occupied Taiyuan, destroyed it and established the later Tang Dynasty. The five kings after the late Tang Dynasty were all descendants and subordinates of Li Keyong. After the expansion of the army and the rectification movement in the Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong. However, after the civil strife, Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to attack and destroy, and established the post-Jin Dynasty. Soon, the relationship between Qi and Jin deteriorated, and the Khitan army went south to destroy the latter Jin and establish the Liao Dynasty. At the same time, Liu Zhiyuan established the later Han Dynasty in Taiyuan and recovered the Central Plains. Guo Wei usurped the post-Han Dynasty and established the post-Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong tried to weaken the later Zhou Dynasty to monopolize the whole country, but Chai Rong died in the Sixteen Countries of the Northern Expedition. It was later usurped, established in the Northern Song Dynasty and ended in the Five Dynasties.

As far as the ten countries are concerned, in the early days of Jiangnan, Wu was the strongest, Li _ usurped the throne to establish Nantang, followed by He Min. Huguang is occupied by Jingnan, Nanchu and Nanhan. The Southern Tang Dynasty had the strongest national strength, and successively attacked and destroyed Min and Chu. However, its national strength was defeated in the next week because of repeated wars and defeats. There are pre-Shu and post-Shu in Shu, and the country is rich and strong, second only to the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, it was addicted to happiness and finally died in the Central Plains. The Northern Han Dynasty is the only one of the ten countries located in the north, which was founded by Liu Chong, the younger brother of the late Han Emperor Liu Zhiyuan. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin and his brother Song Taizong swept the pack one after another, and finally conquered the Northern Han Dynasty in 979, basically unifying the whole country and ending the situation of the ten countries standing in the balance.

The Tang Dynasty perished.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and took the opportunity to make Zhu Quanzhong, the Emperor of the Back Beam, bigger and stronger in all the provinces. However, after the Huang Chao Rebellion, there was a situation that "fireworks could not be seen for thousands of miles" in the Tang Dynasty. Chaos spread to the south of Huaihe River, and local leaders fought against the enemy. Wu Chu in ten countries was established one after another. Until Tang Zhaozong put down the rebellion in Qin Zongquan with the efforts of Zhu Quanzhong.

Li Keyong and Li influenced the politics in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Five Dynasties, while Li Keyong's descendants and subordinates became the monarchs in the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty. For some reason, Zhu Quanzhong and Li Keyong disagreed, and the two sides fought from the palace to the buffer region. Use the power of North Korea to suppress Li Keyong, use the opposition between Li Keyong and Li, subdue all the buffer regions in Hebei, and annex the territory of the United Front Army and the Self-Qing Army. Territorial expansion makes Zhu Quanzhong much stronger than Li Keyong. But our Fengxiang envoy Li threatened in Guanzhong, but failed because of the interference of Li Keyong and He.

After he succeeded to the throne in 88 AD, prime minister Cui Yin and eunuch Han fought for power and profit. Cui Yin was imprisoned by Han Quan, the eunuch of Tang Zhaozong, and urgently summoned Zhu Quanzhong for help. While forcing Li to take refuge, Han led an army to besiege Fengxiang. The following year, Fengxiang army ran out of food and grass, so Li had to kill eunuch Han and others to make peace. Zhu Quanzhong took the opportunity to control the power of North Korea, slaughtered hundreds of eunuchs, and sent troops to control C.

It controlled the Central Plains and Guanzhong area, but it did not become the * * * Lord recognized by all the buffer regions like the Tang Dynasty, and its main sphere of influence did not leave North China, so it can only be said to be a buffer region-type court. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, in the early days, some regimes still regarded the Tang Dynasty as a separatist party, some were honoring the Five Dynasties, some were defending their own territory or claiming the title of emperor for the world. No matter what their diplomatic strategy was, these vassals were all independent, and the ten representative regimes that existed at the same time or successively were called ten countries by the History of the New Five Dynasties and later historians. The semi-independent regimes subordinate to Hou Liang in the Central Plains include Yiwu, Beiping, Chengde, Wang Zhao, Lulong and Liu Rengong. Independence includes Fengxiang, the State of Qi in Li Jianli, the King of Qi and the State of Jin established by Hedong and Li Keyong. In terms of Shu, we abandoned the times and established the former Shu by Wang Jian, the king of Shu; In Huguang area, Gao Jixing, the Jingnan Army occupying Jiangling, became independent in the later Tang Dynasty, Wu 'an Army of Hunan established Chu State in Yin, and Qing Army of Guangdong and Guangxi established Liu Jianli Nanhan. To the south of the Yangtze River, the Huainan Army, which occupied Huai and Wu, established Wu in Yang Xingmi, Liu Qian in Zhejiang and Min in Fujian. In addition, the independence of Thaad, a famous composer in Vietnamese history, is the beginning of Vietnam's separation from China. The Dingnan Army of the Tangut was also independent in Zhou Xia, northern Shaanxi. Guiyijun, located in Guazhou, Hexi, once established Jinshan Prefecture. At this time, Jin, Qi and Wu still retained the title of Tang Dynasty, and the former Shu proclaimed himself emperor, but none of them admitted it, and the rest of the regimes surrendered one after another.

Liang Taizu carried out many powerful reforms in view of the disadvantages of the late Tang Dynasty. He was extremely disgusted with eunuchs, and even refused to return to Beijing for eunuchs who had taken refuge in the south. He hated the high-ranking officials in the Tang Dynasty, appointed frustrated literati such as Li Zhen and Jing Xiang, followed Li Zhen's advice, and killed 30 high-ranking officials such as Prime Minister Pei Shu and Cui Yuan, which is known as the curse of a white horse. These frustrated literati, who value reality over fame and fortune, are the representatives of the five generations of politicians. The economy attaches importance to agricultural development and is committed to reducing taxes; Strict with the army. If a general dies, all his soldiers will be beheaded, which is called "team beheading". However, in his later years, Mao lived a luxurious life, even ignoring the ethics, and often called his son's wife into the palace to accompany him. In terms of diplomacy, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, except for the surrender of enemy countries such as Jin, Qi and Wu, almost all countries and buffer regions still retained the title of Tang Dynasty. Among them, Li Keyong of the State of Jin was the sworn enemy of the late Liang Taizu. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the late Liang Taizu's northern expedition to the State of Jin led to a stalemate with Li Keyong in Luzhou, known as the Battle of Luzhou in history. After Li Keyong's death, his son Li won with the help of Li and Zhang. 90 years later, Liang Taizu suspected that Cheng Dejun was closely related to Jin, led an army invasion, and forced the Iraqi king to defect to Li. Li led the army to defeat the white elephant and successfully rescued the German army, but his strength was greatly damaged, which was called the Battle of the White Elephant in history. Shouguang, a vicious person in northern Gong Liu, is a strong enemy of Jin. In 909, he was made the Prince of Yan by Hou Liang and established the Yan State. In 9 1 1 year, he became emperor, known as Yan Jie in history. The following year, Li sent Zhou Dewei to crusade against Liu Shouguang and personally led the army to rescue him, but he was defeated by Jin. The next year, Liu Shouguang was finally defeated.

Zhu Quanzhong was critically ill after his fall. The second son Zhu was dissatisfied with Zhu Wen's intention to establish his adopted son Zhu Youwen as a prince and took opp.

In 923, Li proclaimed himself emperor in Weizhou, calling for the restoration and establishment of the Tang Dynasty. History is called the late Tang dynasty, and soon it went south. Liang Wang Zhang Yan was captured to contain Yunzhou, and Tang Jun was successfully contained near Liu Yang. The two sides have been facing each other for a long time, and Tang Jun is short of food and grass, showing signs of imminent retreat. But people slandered Wang, so he was replaced. Later, Tang led an army to attack Bianzhou, and Bianzhou was deserted. On the day when the city was breached, Hou Liang had no choice but to ask Huang Fulin to kill him, and Hou Liang died.

The rise and fall of late Tang dynasty

After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang became the capital. At this time, the three towns in Hebei have been decided, and their national strength is stronger than that of the later Tang Dynasty. Li surrendered to the later Tang Dynasty, which named him King of Qin. After Li died in 924 AD, Li Jiji, the eldest son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, became an envoy of Fengxiang and formally annexed Qi. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Qianshu attached importance to agriculture, mulberry planting and water conservancy, which made Qianshu very powerful economically and militarily. However, after Wang Jian's death in 9 18, his son, Wang Yan, was arrogant, extravagant and cruel. 95 years later, Guo Chongtao and Wang led troops into Chengdu, Wang Yan surrendered, and the former Shu perished.

After the Tang dynasty, it was strong abroad, strong at home and strong abroad. After the Tang Dynasty made Luoyang its capital, it recruited eunuchs to replace Li and appointed Li Xiji and other conservatives. Just like politics in the late Tang Dynasty, state affairs became increasingly corrupt. After the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Zong thought that his foundation had been established, and he did not engage in politics and indulged himself. He took the stage name "Li Tianxia" and was proud of the actor's respect for Xin Mo and actor Jin Jing. At that time, the army was huge and the treasury was tight. However, his wife, Empress Liu, intervened in the political affairs and was greedy for money, returning half of the taxes to the harem, which caused the court to temporarily deduct military food to make up for other expenses, which caused great concern. Soon, Tang Jun of Shu was called a mutiny.

Although Guo Chongtao completed the task of destroying Shu, Ji was dissatisfied that he could not go deep into the military. He tipped off the court with the intention of framing Guo Chongtao. Tang intended to make a decision after investigation, but Queen Liu ordered Li Jiji to put her to death herself. In 926 AD, Guo Chongtao was killed, Tang Jun's army was distracted, and various places began to mutiny. Queen Liu didn't want to work with her property, which made the situation worse. Soon, Wei Bojun rebelled in Weizhou under the leadership of Zhao, and Li Jue, the general of the Tang Dynasty, was pacified. After that, Tang had to send Li Si away to settle down. In Weizhou, Li Siyuan, with the support of the Ministry and the Rebel Army, led troops to March south to the later Tang Dynasty. Tang Jun didn't want to fight for the post-Tangzhuang Sect, Bianzhou and Luoyang were trapped one after another, and the post-Tangzhuang Sect was shot to death by an arrow in the civil strife. After capturing Luoyang, Li Siyuan killed all the rebels and proclaimed himself emperor, that is, Zoroastrianism in the later Tang Dynasty, and Li Jiji, the eldest son of the later Tang Dynasty, committed suicide in Chang 'an.

During the reign of Ming Sect in the late Tang Dynasty, the bad politics of Zhuang Sect in the late Tang Dynasty was abolished, and the state administration gradually stabilized. He killed eunuchs and appointed scholars; Cancel many redundant institutions and set up three financial institutions; Advocate thrift, build water conservancy projects and care about people's sufferings; Strengthen the central military force, establish guards and pro-troops, and suppress buffer towns. This is one of the rare stable periods in the Five Dynasties. Historians call Mingzong in the late Tang Dynasty the monarch after Zhou Shizong in the Five Dynasties, and some of his systems were also inherited by the Song Dynasty. However, in his later years, the Tang Dynasty fell into civil strife again. Thirty-three years later, Tang Gaozong was seriously ill, and his son Li.

At the end of the late Tang Dynasty, Emperor Shi Jingtang had a disagreement with the other side as early as Ming Zong in the late Tang Dynasty. After the late Tang Emperor succeeded to the throne, he was very suspicious of Shi Jingtang, and Shi Jingtang was afraid of mutiny. After 96 years, Tang Gaozong transferred Shi Jingtang to Tian Pingjun, and ordered Zhang Jingda and Yang Guangyuan to lead the army to urge the levy. Shi Jingtang listened to the advice of Sang and Liu Zhiyuan, defected to Qidan, and called Deguang, the son of Liao Taizong. Later, sixteen states were ceded to Qidan, losing 300,000 silks every year. When Zhang Jingda heard of the mutiny, he led an army to besiege Taiyuan, and Shi Jingtang couldn't hold on any longer. At that time, Zhao Dejun of Lu and Yelu Deguang of Qidan were interested in cooperating and conspiring with the Central Plains. Shi Jingtang was frightened, and Sang Han Wei was anxious to see Yeludeguang. Sang knelt in front of the Khitan account and begged, which made Lu Ye Deguang give up the cooperation plan with Zhao Dejun. Ye Deguang led the army to clear up. After the founding of Taiyuan, he helped Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty, that is, the late Emperor Gaozu of Jin Dynasty. 1997, 8 Jin j and qidan army went south, and Yang Guangyuan, Zhao dejun and other towns surrendered one after another. Jin Jun invaded Luoyang alone, and the emperor of the later Tang Dynasty set himself on fire and died, and the later Tang Dynasty perished. In the late Jin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu made Bianzhou his capital and ceded sixteen states to Qidan. Since then, the Khitan State has had the greatest influence on the Five Dynasties.

The expansion of Jiangnan

When the Five Dynasties entered the late Jin Dynasty, their national strength was not as good as before, and they were often threatened by the Khitan. Wu and Nantang were powerful in the Jianghuai area. They adopted the strategy of uniting the northern Khitan countries to restrict the Central Plains, and conquered neighboring countries many times to strengthen their power, which posed a great threat to the Central Plains dynasty. Wu was founded by Yang Xingmi, China's ambassador to Huainan. As early as the rebellion in Qin Zongquan, Bi Shiduo, a subordinate of Qin State, led an army to attack Yangzhou. Yang Xingmi developed separatist forces in the process of resisting the enemy, and finally established the State of Wu. In 92, Yang Xingmi was made King of Wu by the imperial court, with Guangling as its capital and Jiangdu House as its title. During his reign, he encouraged farming and mulberry planting, stabilized the economy and gradually recovered the Jianghuai area. They supported the Tang Dynasty and were hostile to Zhu Quanzhong, the Xuanwu Army. Yang Xingmi died on 1995, and his son Yang W succeeded him. The following year, Nakagawa died in Jiangxi, and the philosophers were in civil strife. Yang took advantage of the situation to capture Jiangxi and unify Jianghuai. But Yang W likes to have fun and has doubts about heroes. The minister and Xu Wen mutinied and killed Mr. Yang. 1998, Xu Wen made Mr. Yang's younger brother emperor, got rid of people who wanted to stand on their own feet and completely mastered Wu's power.

After Xu came to power, he attacked many times and failed. He didn't hold peace talks until the end of Hou Liang War. After the fall of Ma Su, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Wu still used the title of "God Blessed" for his unrecognized orthodox position. It was not until 9 19 that Wu changed to Yuan Dynasty that he officially broke off relations with the Tang Dynasty. Only by gradually cutting off Yang's old home can he stabilize his power. However, Xu Zhixun, the eldest son of the dictatorship, was arrogant. He was bullied by Wu Wang and Yang Long, which led to a mutiny and was finally killed by his subordinate Zhu Jin. Xu Wen's adopted son, Xu Zhi's patent, DingLuan. Xu Zhi's patent made Xu Wen very filial and finally became the successor of Xu Wen's regime. Yang Long died of depression, and his son Yang Pu succeeded to the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in 927. 1997, Xu Wen died and succeeded Qi Wang. His adopted son Xu Qu Zhi succeeded to the throne and became the actual ruler of the State of Wu. Xu lived a simple life, respected Emperor Wu and generals, and won the hearts of the people. 1997, Chu Xu ascended the throne as Wu Ruidi, Wu Wu died, and the founding of the country was Qi, with its capital in Jinling, which was called jiangning house in history. In the same year, the late Tang Dynasty perished. Two years later, Xu Zhizhen claimed to be a descendant of the Tang Dynasty and changed his name.

In the southeast of the Southern Tang Dynasty, there are Wu Yueguo and Min Guo. The founder of Wu Yueguo is Qian Liu, the special envoy of Zhenhai and Zhendong, all from Hangzhou, whose territory is similar to that of Zhejiang Province. In 97 AD, Qian was named the King of Yue, that is, wuyue Taizu. During his reign, he promoted economic development and protected the environment and people; Serving the foreign sovereign state for five generations, and being sworn enemies with Wu and Nantang, this strategy was maintained until the national subjugation. In addition, he also sent envoys with the titles of Silla, Bohai and other kings, and all countries in the sea regarded him as their own monarch. Fujian was founded by Fujian observer Wang Chao. He and his brother Wang took control of Fuzhou and later served as special envoys of our Wuwei army. Its territory is roughly equivalent to today's Fujian Province. After Wang came to power, he was named King of Fujian in 909, that is, Emperor Taizu of Fujian. During his reign, he also advocated thrift, shared weal and woe with the people, surrendered to five generations, and made Fujian a fast country. After Taizu/Kloc-0 died in Fujian in 1995, his heirs, imperial clan and ministers were suspicious of each other and fought with each other, gradually weakening the country of Fujian.

In 93 A.D., Fujian native Wang Zhidi proclaimed himself emperor in Jianzhou, with the title Yin. The following year, Jing Zong, the minister of Fujian, was killed, causing chaos in China. In 945, the country name of Wang Gai was Fujian. In the same year, Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty took the opportunity to attack Fujian, and Jianzhou was attacked by it, and Fujian died. However, wuyue took the opportunity to intervene, Fujian General Li Renda attached Fuzhou to wuyue, and Quanzhou and Zhangzhou were occupied by Qingyuan Army. In the end, Nantang only won Jianzhou and Tingzhou, and the relationship with Wu Yueguo continued to deteriorate. Soon, Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty sent pickaxes to attack and destroy Chu in 95 1 year, taking advantage of the civil strife in Chu. However, in the second year, due to Chu's rebellion against Ada, Nantang lost another territory in Hunan. Years of war in the Southern Tang Dynasty resulted in great loss of national strength, and most of the acquired land was lost. In addition, Yuan Zong in the Southern Tang Dynasty was both rigid and soft, arrogant and vicious, so that small groups competed with each other and had different political affairs. Zhou took the opportunity to send troops in the Southern Tang Dynasty in 957. After the defeat of Yuan Zong in the Southern Tang Dynasty, fourteen states north of the Yangtze River were ceded to the later Zhou Dynasty, and the title of emperor was cancelled, and it was only called Jiangnan Lord. Nantang was weakened. Prince Li Hongji, who had more military talent, also died after poisoning his uncle Li Jingsui, who wanted to seize power. Yuan Zong in the Southern Tang Dynasty had to change his sixth son, Li Yu, into a crown prince, but Li Yu was more bookish. In order to avoid the joint invasion of Jinling by Zhou Jun and Wu Yuejun, Yuan Zong moved the capital to Hongzhou, namely Nanchang House. 196 1 after the death of Yuan Zong, Emperor Taizong, Li Yu succeeded to the throne, and became the capital of Jinling House. At this point, Nantang could not threaten the Five Dynasties, but could only protect itself.

Civil strife in Huguang

Huguang area includes Jingnan, Nanchu, Nanhan and Jinghai. Jingnan, also known as Nanpingfu and bei chu, is located in the west of Hubei Province. The founder Gao Jixing was the general of Hou Liang Taizu. In 907, he was appointed as our special envoy to Jingnan and ruled Jiangling. Jingnan was small and weak, so it surrendered to its neighbors. His monarch, Gao Jixing, coveted tributes from various countries, intercepted and robbed them, and was only willing to return them under the threat of sending troops from various countries. He is called "Gao Laizi". After the demise of the Later Liang Dynasty, Gao Jixing became a vassal of the Later Tang Dynasty. In 924 AD, after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, he was named King Nanping, and the country was formally established, with Jiangling as its capital. His name is Xin. When the later Tang Dynasty destroyed the former Shu, Gao Jixing expressed his willingness to help cut Shu, but he didn't take any action. Later, he asked Don.

Chu was founded by Ma Yin, commander-in-chief of Wu 'an Army, also known as Nan Chu and Ma Chu. During the Qin Zongquan Rebellion, Qin deployed Sun Ru to attack the territorial secrets of Han in Huai and Han, and Sun Ru took Ma Su and some troops to Hunan via Jiangxi. After its establishment in 97 AD, Ma Yin became a vassal and was named King of Chu, namely Mu. Its sphere of influence includes today's Hunan and northwest Guangxi, and it was controlled by the five dynasties. At home, it put down the chaotic army and powerful princes, and adopted the policy of protecting the environment and ensuring people's safety, making Chu strong. After 97 years, Ma Yin was made King of Chu in the Tang Dynasty, and Tanzhou, the capital, was made Changsha County. During the reign of Ma Xifan, the king of Chu, the land expanded to the northeast of Guangxi and the country was quite prosperous. However, after the death of Ma Xifan in 947, the country was in chaos, and Chu supported the second son Ma Xiguang to succeed to the throne, which made the eldest son Ma dissatisfied and defected. In nine years, the horse successfully captured Changsha, which was the filial piety of the king of Chu. However, his debauchery led to the mutiny of Chu generals Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng. They supported the imperial clan Ma Guanghui as the military commander of Wuping, Ada as the army of Wuping, and led the army to occupy Langzhou. Soon Xu Wei also supported Ma Xichong to stay in Wu 'an army and exiled Ma Xichong. The horse calyx was once again detained in Hengshan. After the Chu State was divided into three factions: Ma Guanghui, Ma Xichong and Ma Xichong, Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty took the opportunity to send someone to pick the edge and captured Changsha in 95 1. Ma Xichong and Ma Xichong surrendered successively, and Chu died. At the same time, Guizhou was taken from south to north, occupying the whole Lingnan area. In the second year, Wu Ping stayed in Ada, unwilling to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, and sent Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng to capture Tanzhou. At this point, Nantang completely withdrew from Hunan. Ada was appointed as our ambassador to Wuping in the following week, but was abolished by Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng for opposing Wang Kui. Wang Kui was insatiable and was killed by his subordinate Pan Shusi. Wu Pingjun's position was finally inherited by Zhou Xingfeng. Zhou Xingfeng got rid of the bad politics of Chu, cared about the people and advocated honesty. Be strict with the general and kill him decisively. It was not until Zhou Xingfeng died in 962 that Hunan returned to stability.

The Southern Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Yin, a navy master in Qing Dynasty. In 907, he was named King Peng Jun by Hou Liang, and later he was named King Nanping and King Nanhai successively. After Liu Yin stabilized Lingnan, he reused local scholars to lay the foundation for the future establishment of the country. After the death of 19 1 1, Liu Yin was succeeded by his younger brother Liu Li. After the unification of Lingnan, Liu Lian proclaimed himself emperor in 9 17, that is, Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Han Dynasty. Yue, Du Panyu, Fu Ren. The name of the country changed to Han every other year, and the history is called Nanhan. Emperor gaozu reconciled with neighboring countries and carried out the imperial examination system. However, it is cruel and extravagant, and it takes pleasure in killing people every time. It favors eunuchs and even makes political affairs uneasy. In 92, Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Han Dynasty died, and his son Liu Xuan succeeded to the throne, that is, the Shang Emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty craved pleasure. At that time, Zhang Yuxian rebelled and was killed by his brother Liu Sheng the following year. Liu Sheng stood on his own two feet as emperor, that is, the middle Sect of the Southern Han Dynasty. During his reign, although he seized Rongzhou and Yongzhou of Chu, he advocated severe punishment and cruel means, killing the royal family, ministers and generals, leaving only eunuchs and maids in the Southern Han regime. After his death in 958, his son Herry Liu succeeded to the throne and became the heir of the Southern Han Dynasty. At the same time, the sea of tranquility began to break away from the rule of China.

Later Jin and later Han dynasties

When the ten countries gradually weakened or protected themselves, the late Jin in the north was often uneasy because of the threat of the Khitan country. At that time, the post-Jin Wang Chaogang was established, the finance was scarce, and the Khitan was insatiable, so many buffer towns were unwilling to obey. In order to solve the financial crisis, the late Jin Emperor Gaozu adopted Sa's suggestion.

1997, Tian Fantingguang rebelled against Weizhou, and Zhang Congbin, who went to quell the rebellion, also surrendered to him and killed Shi Chong Wa, the son of the late Jin emperor. Finally, when the allied forces of Fan and Zhang approached Kaifeng, Hou Yi and Du Zhongwei led the army to defeat and put it down. Yang Guangyuan intervened in state affairs on his own, and the late Jin emperors often succumbed to it. Later, he colluded with the Khitan rebellion and was defeated by Li Shouzhen and died. In 942 AD, Cheng Dejun An Zhongrong denounced the late Jin Gaozu for Qidan and demanded to attack Qidan. But in fact, this is a secret Khitan, trying to seize power. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Du Zhongwei led an army to attack An Chongrong, which was called the Battle of Zongcheng in history and sent his head to Qidan. In the same year, Tuyuhun, located in Daibei, refused to surrender to Qidan, and Bai Chengfu, the leader, led the troops to Hedong Liu Zhiyuan, and Qidan sent envoys to apologize. Great-grandfather at the end of Jin Dynasty finally died in these worries. His ministers, Feng Dao and Jing, considered how difficult the country was, and decided to establish a long monarch, so they succeeded their nephew as Yedu, the emperor born in the late Jin Dynasty.

Because the generals and people in the late Jin Dynasty were strongly dissatisfied with their sense of superiority, the emperor of the late Jin Dynasty listened to Jing's suggestion, gave up his submission to the Khitan and changed his name to Sun, in order to wash away his shame. Jingguang was very hostile to the Khitans. He killed the Khitan merchants, arrested the Khitan emissary to vent his anger, and repeatedly provoked the Khitan. This move aroused the anger of Khitan Khan Yeludeguang, who led the army south in 944 AD. At that time, there was a drought in Hebei, a plague of locusts, and the Khitan army attacked and plundered Zhou Bei and other places. The following year, Emperor Wu of Jin sent Du Zhongwei to the north and Deguang to the south. Finally, Du Zhongwei successfully defeated the Khitan Army in Baigou. However, after the war in Baigou, the late Jin emperor became increasingly arrogant and extravagant, and Feng Yu was in power, and took the road of public office through bribery, which led to political corruption. 96 years later, when Emperor Wu of Jin went through the customs, Du Zhongwei led the army to the Northern Expedition and fought with Deguang in the Hutuo River. At this time, Du Zhongwei wanted to seize power, but surrendered to Lu Ye Deguang. Ye Deguang took the opportunity to lead the allied forces into Kaifeng, and later Jin generals Li Shouzhen and Zhang Yanze surrendered one after another. In the end, the late Jin surrendered to Kaicheng, and the late Jin perished, which is called the Battle of Destroying Jin in Liao Dynasty. The following year, Lu Ye Deguang was renamed as "Da Liao", that is, Liao Taizong, and the Liao Dynasty was formally established. Emperor Taizong of Liao was confident in governing the Central Plains, but the predatory policy of "mowing the grass valley" and plundering slaves made the people of the Central Plains gather to resist. Among them, Liu Zhiyuan of Hedong Army listened to Zhang Yanwei's suggestion, claiming that Taiyuan proclaimed himself emperor because the Central Plains had no owner, and became the emperor of the later Han Dynasty after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Unable to suppress this situation, Emperor Taizong of Liao led his army back to the north on the grounds of hot weather. He ordered Han Xiao to stay in Kaifeng and Du Zhongwei to stay in the capital. Finally, Hu Lin died, and his younger brother and son Lu Ye wanted to inherit his throne, namely Liao Shizong.

Emperor gaozu began to recover the central plains after the Liao army returned to the north. After learning the news, he hijacked Li, the imperial clan of the later Tang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Kaifeng, and then returned to the north. After Emperor Gaozu sent Li to Kaifeng House, he also sent Gao Hangzhou and Murong Yanchao to surrender to Du Zhongwei in the battle of Weizhou, and the towns joined forces one after another. After the death of Emperor Gaozu in 1998, his son Liu Chengyou succeeded him in the later Han Dynasty, with yang xian, Guo Wei, Shi and Shi as his assistant ministers. At that time, Li Shouzhen, our river chief, rebelled, and Guo Wei put down the rebellion.

After Zhou Taizu ascended the throne, he got rid of some tyranny and practiced frugality, so that the population of Guo in China returned to the Central Plains. However, Liu Yun was killed, which made the former generals of the later Han Dynasty look down upon Zhou Ting. Liu Chong of Hedong Army learned that Guo Wei proclaimed himself and established the Northern Han Dynasty. With the help of Liao people, he claimed to be his nephew and waited for an opportunity to attack Zhou. Murong Yanchao, a former general in the later Han Dynasty, deliberately defected to Xuzhou Gongmei and Taining Army, which depended on the pacification of Zhou Taizu in the later Han Dynasty.

In 94, Zhou Taizu died, and his adopted son Chai Rong succeeded to the throne, which was later. Later, Zhou Shizong was the first monarch of five dynasties and ten countries. At the beginning of the succession, Emperor Liu Chong of the Northern Han Dynasty and General Zhou Yang of the Liao Dynasty went south hand in hand. At that time, Zhou Ting was frightened, and most of them advocated caution. However, Zhou Shizong was an incompetent general who got cold feet after personally defeating the Han-Liao allied forces, which was called the Battle of Gaoping in history. After that, the military system was reformed, the central imperial army was streamlined, and strong men were supplemented to form the "imperial army in front of the temple". Internally, he encouraged exile, reduced taxes and stabilized the domestic economy. Rectify official management, appoint literati, suppress military politics, and make the politics of the later Zhou Dynasty clear. 1955, abandoned the Buddhist temples in the world, bought a large number of bronzes and rectified the economy. Military and economic upgrading has laid an important foundation for China's future reunification.

After stabilizing the country, Zhou Shizong intends to unify the world, with the goal of "opening the world in ten years, raising the people in ten years and securing the world in ten years". 1955, led the army to defeat Houshu and occupied Hanzhong, Qin Zhou. 1956, led the troops to defeat Nantang, acquired the land north of the Yangtze River, and forced Nantang to become a vassal. 99 years later, Zhou Shizong led an army to northern expedition to Liao Dynasty and recovered sixteen states. He successively captured Yingzhou and Zhou Mo. When I was about to recover Youzhou, I suddenly fell ill and was forced to move. Shortly after his death, his youngest son Chai Zongxun ascended the throne, that is, Emperor Gong of the later Zhou Dynasty. 1960, Zhao Kuangyin, the leader of the imperial army, led his troops northward on the grounds of pacifying the invasion of Northern Han and Liao States, and then there was a mutiny in Chen Qiao and Chen Qiaoyi of Kaifeng, and he was acclaimed as the emperor by the imperial army. Zhao Kuangyin Li Kaifeng, the deposed Emperor Gong of the Zhou Dynasty, died at the end of the Zhou Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. He founded the Song Dynasty, that is, Song Taizu.

When Song Taizu acceded to the throne, there were ten other countries, including Houshu, Northern Han, Southern Tang, wuyue, Southern Han, Jingnan, Zhou Shizong, Chai Rong, Hunan Wuping Army, Zhou Xingfeng and Minnan Qingyuan Army. Most of these countries or provinces took the Song Dynasty as the patriarch or surrendered to it. Facing the threat of Liao Dynasty, Song Taizu adopted Zhao Pu's strategy of "easy before difficult, south before north" to unify China. 1962, President Jingnan Gao died, and Zhou Xingfeng of Hunan Province died in the same year. The new presidents of these two countries are both young and incompetent. In the second year, Song Taizu took the opportunity to send troops to South Hunan on the grounds of Pingnan Uprising. On the way, I cut Guo on the false road and annexed Jingnan. Meng Changjun, king of Shu, heard that Jingnan and Xiangnan were annexed, joined the Northern Han Dynasty and rejected the division of Song Dynasty. However, in his later years, he was extravagant and enjoyed himself, failed in political reform, and the army had no fighting capacity. In 95 AD, Song Taizu sent Wang Quanbin and Cui Yan out of Fengzhou, Liu Guangyi and Cao Bin out of Zigui, Hubei, and into Shu at the same time. As a result, within 60 days, Meng Changjun, the emperor of Houshu, surrendered and Houshu perished. After the death of the country, Mrs. Hua Rui, her favorite concubine, wrote: "The flag was lowered on the city, and my concubine learned in the palace that the disarmament was 140 thousand, and none of them were men." L

Li Yu, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was a master of Ci. Although he has been worried, he is not good at political affairs. At that time, Nan Tang's younger brothers Li and wuyue, Minister Pan You and General Lin were able to fight against the later Zhou Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Li Yu became close to villains, killed ministers indiscriminately, feasted with ministers all day, worried and lamented, and the situation in the Southern Tang Dynasty was in chaos. 1975, Song Taizu sent Cao Bin and Wu Yuejun as supplements on the grounds that Li Yu, the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was ill and refused to enter the DPRK. Finally, Li Yu surrendered and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished. On the national side, Qian Hongzuo, a loyal monarch, took advantage of the civil strife in Fujian to buy Fuzhou, but the taxes were heavy and the people were in poverty. When money was captured, Song Taizu did not seize the land because he was very obedient to the Song Dynasty. The Qingyuan Army in southern Fujian stayed on the independent side. After his death, many parties fought for power and position, and Chen finally won. 1998, Qian and Chen surrendered to the Song Dynasty, and Wu Yueguo and Minnan Qingyuan Army died. The last country of the Ten Kingdoms, the Northern Han Dynasty, was ruled by Emperor Liu Jiyuan. In 99, Song Taizong in the Northern Song Dynasty sent Pan Mei to besiege Taiyuan, the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty, and repelled Liao's reinforcements. Liu Jiyuan surrendered and the Northern Han Dynasty perished. By the end of the Ten Kingdoms, China was basically unified and officially entered the Song Dynasty. However, sixteen counties have not been recovered. Shortly after the demise of the Northern Han Dynasty, Song Taizong, regardless of the opposition of his ministers, made a northern expedition from Taiyuan to Liao Dynasty in an attempt to recover sixteen states. At first, Song Jun captured Yizhou and Zhuozhou, but was defeated in the battle of Gaolianghe in Yanjing, thus entering the era of confrontation between Song and Liao.