What causes dry and cracked skin in winter? Gods help me

Dryness: the enemy of skin in winter. The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat. The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum. Due to the water absorption and barrier functions of the stratum corneum itself, as well as the natural moisturizing factors contained in the stratum corneum, such as amino acids, lactates and sugars, the stratum corneum maintains a certain content. water to keep the skin moist. The appearance of the skin is related to the moisture content of the stratum corneum. Normal skin stratum corneum usually contains 10%-30% moisture to maintain the softness and elasticity of the skin. However, as age increases, the moisture content of the skin's stratum corneum will gradually decrease. When the moisture content of the skin's stratum corneum is less than 10%, the skin will appear dry, tight, rough, and desquamated. So what are the causes of skin moisture loss, dryness and loss of luster? Generally speaking, the main internal and external conditions that cause the skin's natural moisturizing structure to lose balance are: ●With age, the skin ages, its moisturizing effect and barrier function gradually weaken, and the content of natural moisturizing factors decreases; ●Dry and cold climate, the humidity is relatively high Low, such as autumn and winter; ●Certain skin lesions, such as psoriasis, ichthyosis, etc.; ●Environmental and chemical factors, such as washing powder, soap, dishwashing liquid and other detergents and alcohol and other organic solvents, as well as long-term air conditioning Environment, etc.; ●Eating and sleeping habits, such as partial eclipse, little drinking water, insomnia, etc.; ●Dry skin. Since the skin is in direct contact with the external environment at all times, if not protected, it will be more or less dehydrated, which directly affects the appearance of the skin. At this time, in addition to ensuring a normal and healthy diet to ensure protein and vitamin supplements, as well as trying to avoid the influence of external adverse factors and actively treating skin diseases, you should also use appropriate moisturizing cosmetics as needed. Seven rules to fight back dryness ●In winter, although people like to take hot baths. However, the water temperature that is beneficial to the skin is warm water, because hot water will completely wash away the natural oil on the skin, and this natural oil is much more effective than using skin care products after you bath to resolve dryness. ●Bathing in winter should generally not exceed 15 minutes. ●If you must take a hot bath, use bath liquid or mild soap whenever possible. After bathing, moisturizer should be applied to all parts of the body while the skin is not completely dry. Doing this helps penetrate the emollient ingredients into the upper layers of the skin. ●When men shave in winter, it is best not to use shaving cream and can use shampoo instead. ●In those parts of the body that are prone to dryness and cracking, it is best to use stronger skin care products, such as Vaseline. Unlike ordinary skin care products, Vaseline can "seal" the skin and reduce water evaporation, which is very effective in protecting dry skin. ●After washing things or washing hands, you should use some hand cream that can retain moisture. ●When you are at home, your skin is exposed to more places than outdoors. Using a humidifier is a good way to solve dry skin. There are many skin troubles in winter. The skin is prone to itching, chapped hands and feet, and frostbite. When the northwest wind blows, human skin will also be affected by the drop in temperature. Whether it is overt sweating or covert sweating, the lubrication of human skin will be greatly reduced. The secretion of sebaceous glands is also greatly reduced. Except for babies, most people's skin will be dry. At this time, some common skin diseases in winter also began to rage among some people. Many people, especially the elderly, complain that the skin all over their body or in front of their calves is itchy, dry, and scales fall off, making it dry and unbearably itchy. When you go to a hospital dermatology department, you are often diagnosed with winter pruritus or sebaceous eczema. So, why do some people’s skin become particularly dry in winter? Dry skin is related to the skin's water loss, and the lack of skin moisture is related to the skin's natural sebum. The lipids on the skin surface are like a coat, preventing the evaporation of skin water and keeping the skin moisturized. The skin of the elderly becomes thinner and the surface The lipids in the skin are also reduced, making the skin naturally dry. The cold wind in winter can increase the loss of water and further disrupt the lipid balance of the epidermis, making dryness inevitable. Skin pruritus: Dry skin is the culprit. Primary skin pruritus is undoubtedly the most common winter skin disease. This disease can occur in both men and women, old and young, but it is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially the elderly. Patients may experience itching all over their body. During the day, they may be distracted due to external interference and have no time to take care of it. At night, the itching becomes unbearable, as if there are ants crawling all over the body, which is unbearable. If you eat something "hairy", or drink alcohol or coffee, it will become more itchy and unbearable. However, when checking the skin, there is no primary rash. Only secondary damage such as skin scratches, blood scabs or pigmentation caused by scratching can be seen. If it lasts for a long time, secondary tinea skin lesions may develop. This disease is mainly caused by dry skin. When we take off our cotton sweaters and trousers in winter, we can often see a lot of tiny flakes of skin bouncing off our bodies, and we wear more and tighter clothes in winter, so foreign matter irritates the already sensitive skin, causing itching. In addition, some people may aggravate itching if they do not handle it properly. For example, washing with hot water can temporarily relieve the itching, but the itching becomes even worse. Because hot water is irritating to the skin itself, and more sebum is removed, causing the skin to become drier. The key to the occurrence of pruritus in winter is dry skin and cold exposure. Therefore, a certain humidity should be maintained in the house. You can place some green potted plants or put a basin of water to increase the air humidity.

When bathing, the water temperature should be around 32°C. It is not advisable to rub or use too much soap. Avoid scratching. You can apply lotion all over the body after bathing to keep the skin moist. It is recommended to apply moisturizing cream or moisturizing lotion every day. When needed, first-generation anti-allergic tablets can also be taken orally to achieve an anti-itching and sedative effect. In the diet, try to consume more foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots, cabbage, etc., and consume less coffee, cola, and spicy and sour foods. Chapped hands and feet: Chapped hands and feet are more likely to occur in housewives who are cleaning workers. Chapped hands and feet are also a very common skin disease in winter. This disease is more likely to occur in people who are exposed to fat-soluble or alkaline substances, such as car mechanics, cleaners, chefs, and housewives. The skin of patients' hands and feet often becomes dry and cracked due to lack of moisture. In severe cases, the cracks can reach the deep muscle layer, causing obvious pain and even affecting the movement of the hands and feet. The skin lesions range from wrinkles to cracks to chapped. They are cracks of varying lengths and depths, and are more likely to occur on the fingers. And the flexors of the palms, heels, soles of the toes, sides of the feet, etc. The main method of prevention and treatment is to regularly apply oil on the skin to moisturize the skin before chapped in winter. Once chapped, the thick and hard epidermal cuticle at the chapped area can be thinned, then soaked in hot water for 10 minutes, wipe dry and then apply 15% Urea ester or 10% sulfur salicylic acid ointment, etc. It is advisable to wear protective gloves when working outdoors in winter. Chilblains: Chilblains will occur when the temperature gets cold. Chilblains are more likely to occur in children and women. They will occur as soon as the temperature turns cold in winter. They will heal quickly in the spring and summer of the following year. The most common areas are the extremities, such as fingers, back of hands, face, and auricles. , toes, heels, etc., local congestion, purple-red, raised edematous erythema can be seen in the affected area. The surface is tight, swollen and shiny, and the local skin temperature decreases. When the ambient temperature is warm, obvious itching or burning sensation occurs locally, and Once frostbite ruptures, you will feel pain after the ulceration. The principles for preventing and treating chilblains are as follows: ● Strengthen physical exercise to promote blood circulation, and rub hands and feet regularly to prevent congestion. ●Pay attention to dryness and warmth of hands and feet, and wear loose and warm gloves and shoes and socks. ●The frozen parts should not be grilled or soaked in hot water immediately. In addition, winter is also the season when ichthyosis and psoriasis are prone to occur. Some skin infectious diseases, such as scabies and pediculosis, often occur when personal and environmental hygiene is poor. Five-step skin care method for skin cleansing in winter: It is advisable to keep the skin fresh. Cleansing the skin is the first step in maintaining the skin and is the key to maintaining the skin. Cleansing the skin can promote the metabolism of the skin, increase the absorption function of the skin, prevent skin diseases, and delay skin disease. Aging and wrinkle development. To clean the skin, you can simply wash it with water, or you can use facial cleanser, cleansing cream, etc. Washing your face with water is the basis, 2 to 3 times a day. In winter, use facial cleanser to wash your face once a day or every other day for normal skin, once every 2 to 3 days for dry skin, and once a day for oily skin. In short, it is better to keep the skin fresh. The water used to wash your face is best boiled water cooled to about 36 degrees; for oily skin, the temperature can be slightly higher, about 38 degrees; for dry skin, the temperature can be slightly lower, about 34 degrees. You can also wash it off with warm water and then rinse it with cold water to reduce pores. However, people with sensitive skin or dry skin should not wash their face with simple cold water. When washing your face, you can use your fingertips to massage from the inside out, and finally dry it with a soft towel. The facial cleanser should be mild in nature and the amount should not be too much. Apply it thinly to the entire face and massage for about 5 minutes. Moisturizing: Appropriately increase the amount of skin care products used. In winter, the weather is dry and the temperature drops. The skin metabolism has not fully adapted to the changes in climate, which reduces the secretion of sweat glands in the skin and makes the skin look very dry. Researchers from the Shanghai Dermatology and Venereous Disease Hospital conducted a large-scale epidemiological survey on Chinese women in three major cities: Shanghai, Harbin and Guangzhou. The results showed that the capacitance of the skin of Shanghai women in winter was significantly lower than that of the other two cities. , indicating that Shanghai women’s epidermis contains less water in winter and becomes dry and flaky. At this time, it is necessary to appropriately increase the amount of skin care products used so that the skin can be fully nourished and maintained. Skin care products should choose cream cosmetics with great moisturizing function and strong moisturizing effect. Not only the facial skin needs maintenance, but the skin on the limbs and trunk also needs moisture and nutrition. You can choose body lotion or moisturizing lotion, and apply a thin layer on the skin after bathing every day. It can keep the skin soft, smooth, elastic, delay aging, and can prevent and assist in the treatment of certain skin diseases, such as atopy. Dermatitis, winter pruritus, ichthyosis, etc. Sunscreen: Choose sunscreen with a low index. In winter, although ultraviolet rays in the sun are not as strong as in summer, and medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays (UVB and UVA) are weakened, ultraviolet rays are still the most common cause of skin aging and darkening. reason. Therefore, you should also pay attention to sun protection in winter, and choose sunscreen with SPF and PA values ??that are not too high, such as SPF8, PA+. Special reminder is that when it snows in winter, the intensity of ultraviolet rays may be higher than in summer. The SPF and PA values ??of the selected sunscreen should be higher, SPF15 and PA++ or above. Anti-wrinkle: pay attention to the balance of nutrition between work and rest. The weather is dry in winter. If you do not pay attention to moisturizing the skin, it will cause a large amount of moisture loss in the skin, which is easy to form temporary wrinkles, that is, an increase in small wrinkles. Once small wrinkles appear, there is no need to be anxious. Just maintain a cheerful mood, pay attention to the balance between work and rest, and have a reasonable nutritional intake. Eat more lean meat, milk, eggs, fresh fruits and vegetables, etc. in your daily diet, and choose appropriate skin care products. Use this product and insist on facial massage to promote facial blood circulation, improve skin nutrition, and reduce small wrinkles.

Diet: Eat more alkaline foods and less acidic foods. The weather is dry in winter. You should drink more water at ordinary times to replenish the moisture loss of the body and skin. In addition, a reasonable dietary structure can improve physical fitness and delay aging. Since the body fluids of the human body are weakly alkaline, eating more alkaline foods such as vegetables, fruits, soy products, milk, etc. can make the skin delicate and shiny. Pay attention to reducing the intake of acidic foods, such as meat, fish, chocolate, onions and garlic, etc.