Only by reading "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea" three times can we truly understand the greatness of "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea"

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Little known is that before the 1950 War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea started, there were three actions in the history of our country to send troops to the Korean Peninsula to "aid Korea and resist Japan". The outcome of the war has a decisive influence on the situation in Northeast Asia, and it is also directly related to our national luck.

Obviously, an in-depth understanding of the three wars to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea will help us fully understand the important role of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, and also help us understand why the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea is called the "founding war" of the new China.

Since the establishment of the Tang Empire, Koguryo and Baekje in the south of the Korean Peninsula have been attacking and oppressing the Silla regime in the north of Korea.

Silla turned to Datang for help, and Emperor Taizong Li Shimin sent an envoy to Koguryo to stop the northern invasion war, but Koguryo flatly refused.

Emperor Taizong was furious and decided to send troops to invade Koguryo. In the previous wars, the Tang Dynasty won a great victory, which seriously dealt a blow to Goguryeo's arrogance. However, due to terrain and weather factors, Tang Jun has not been able to win a decisive victory. In 662, when a small team returned to North Korea, it was ambushed by Koguryo's army, and General Pang Xiaotai died. This is the last victory before Koguryo's demise.

In 666 AD, Koguryo was in civil strife, and Tang Gaozong Li Zhi ordered General Li Ji to take command of the whole army and divide his forces to attack Koguryo. In the spring and summer of 668, Tang Jun joined forces, entered the gate of Pyongyang, surrounded Pyongyang for more than a month, and King Koguryo went out of the city to surrender. According to Sima Guang's History as a Mirror, Koguryo nobles, most rich families and hundreds of thousands of people were moved to all parts of the Central Plains and integrated into all ethnic groups in China. Since then, Koguryo has ceased to exist in the world.

Eliminating Koguryo and Baekje, which have been allied with Koguryo for a long time, has become Tang Jun's next goal.

The National History of Japan records that Japan (Japan) sent troops to the Korean Peninsula after reunification in the middle of the 4th century. By 369 BC, Baekje had become a dependency of Japan. It can be explained that the relationship between Japan and Baekje is extraordinary.

Therefore, the attack of the Tang Dynasty on Baekje meant that the first war between China and Japan was inevitable.

In 660 AD, Tang Gaozong Paisu, with 65,438+ten thousand troops, jointly launched an attack on Silla Baekje. In just 10 days, the army of the Tang Dynasty breached the capital of Baekje.

In desperation, Baekje's haunted house sent a letter to Japan, supporting Prince Fu Yufeng, who was taken hostage by the late Baekje King, to return to China as king, and asking Japan to send reinforcements to support Baekje's revival.

As the main squad of the Tang Dynasty returned to the DPRK, with the efforts of the haunted house Fuxin and Japanese reinforcements, several counties were once recovered.

Facing the new situation, Liu was ordered to lead the army into the Korean peninsula again. Tang and the new allied forces fought hard all the way, hand in hand with land and water, and went straight to Baijiangkou to start a decisive battle. Soon, more than 400 ships of the Japanese water army also extended to.

In 663, on the wide white river, the Tang Dynasty confronted the Japanese water army.

After the war began, Japan connected more than 400 wooden boats together. To capture the fighter plane, Liu used Zhuge Ming's method of "burning red cliff" to send rockets in succession and throw fire with the wind. For a time, "smoke rose to heaven and the sea was red." Burned to death, choked to death, abandoned the ship and drowned, and tens of thousands of Japanese navies were almost wiped out.

After the defeat at sea, Baekje and the Japanese army could not resist the attack of Tang and the new allied forces, and they were killed and went belly-up.

After the defeat, Japan was afraid that Tang Jun would attack Japan, so it had to return to the mainland and overhaul its fortifications.

This war directly contributed to Japan's modernization, and its core was to comprehensively copy the political, cultural and military systems of the Tang Dynasty, which also brought peace and tranquility to the Korean Peninsula for thousands of years.

1590 in July, Toyotomi Hideyoshi relied on conquest to end the long-term domestic warlord scuffle and achieve national reunification.

But the victory at home also made Toyotomi Hideyoshi arrogant. In his view, the Ming Dynasty and the Korean kingdom at that time, like various warlords in China, were simply vulnerable.

Therefore, he planned and formulated an ambitious mainland plan. According to his vision, Japan will use the Korean Peninsula as a springboard to invade China (Ming Dynasty) by force, take Beijing as the imperial capital of Japan, and enfeoffment the territory of Tianzhu (India) to its meritorious generals, with Ningbo as the general headquarters.

In his arrogance, 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi mobilized160,000 troops to enter the Korean peninsula in nine ways. Only 20 days later, the Japanese army occupied Seoul, the capital of North Korea, and quickly captured a large number of major cities in North Korea, heading for the border of the Ming Dynasty.

Encouraged by the victory, Toyotomi Hideyoshi became more arrogant. After capturing Seoul, he suggested that the Japanese capital should be moved to Beijing, and the land around Beijing should be dedicated to the Japanese emperor. He even ordered Toyotomi Hidetsugu to be Guan Bai of the Tang Dynasty (China), Japanese Guan Bai was controlled by Yuchai Xiuqiu or Yuduo Xiujia, and North Korea was ruled by Yuchai Xiusheng or Yuduo Xiujia.

At that time, China was in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and it was a period from strong to weak. However, in the face of the clamor of the Japanese and the urgent request of the King of Korea to send troops,1592,65438, on February 26th, the Ming court decided to send General Li to lead more than 40,000 troops to "resist Japan and aid Korea".

Although China's army is at a disadvantage in number, it has won in weapons, combat readiness, morale and strategy. After entering the DPRK, he was beaten continuously by the Japanese army. 1593, the Japanese army was forced to withdraw from Seoul and continue to retreat south.

After negotiation between the two sides, 1596, the Ming Dynasty sent an envoy to Japan, conferring Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the king of Japan, and declared the end of the first phase of the war.

However, Toyotomi Hideyoshi is unwilling to fail. That year, he started the war again on the grounds of improper titles in the Ming Dynasty. However, in June+10, 5438, the allied forces of China and North Korea used favorable terrain and tidal conditions to defeat the Japanese in the Liang Ming Strait, destroying more than 30 enemy ships and annihilating more than 4,000 Japanese troops.

1598 In August, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died of illness and ordered the Japanese army to withdraw from the Korean peninsula before his death.

Compared with the battle of Baijiangkou, our victory on the Korean Peninsula this time is not obvious. Fortunately, however, Japan's arrogant mainland conquest policy was suppressed and drowned out by victory.

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the Korean emperor on the Korean peninsula was weak and factional. Although nominally a vassal state of China, the penetration of Japanese and Russian forces is also very obvious.

Around 1894, the long-simmering Eastern School played the banner of "rejecting foreign thieves, punishing corrupt officials and returning my livelihood", and gathered tens of thousands of people in a few months, which caused great pressure on the court.

Korean king asked China to send troops to suppress the orientals. In order to consolidate China's suzerain status on the Korean Peninsula, Li Hongzhang listened to the suggestion of Yuan Shikai, an imperial envoy to North Korea, and sent about 1500 troops into North Korea to help counter the rebellion.

Japan, whose national strength expanded after the Meiji Restoration, also took the opportunity to send troops into North Korea.

Despite China's repeated opposition to Japanese invasion, Japan sent a mixed brigade of more than 8,000 people to the Korean peninsula in the name of protecting overseas Chinese, with a force four times that of China's entry into the Korean army.

After the East Learning Party was quickly pacified, China and Japan agreed to withdraw their troops.

However, Japan refused for various reasons, and quickly intervened in North Korea's internal affairs, proposing to reform North Korea alone, and publicly vetoing North Korea's status as a subordinate country of China.

By June of 1894, Japan basically controlled the capital of North Korea and detained korean king.

1On July 25th, 895, the Japanese army launched an attack on the Japanese troops stationed in Asan, and China and the DPRK declared war.

1 895 August1day, China and Japan officially declared war.

The course and outcome of the next war have long been doomed. China's army was defeated by Lien Chan, and finally the Japanese army landed in Liaodong, Shandong and Taiwan Province provinces, completely eliminating beiyang fleet, the main maritime force of the Qing Dynasty. April 1895 China was forced to sign the treaty of shimonoseki.

Japan has obviously planned this war for a long time. With Japan's national strength at that time, it was risky to declare war on China. In his memoirs, then Japanese Foreign Minister Luozongguang recorded his decision to declare war on China: Alas, it is still creepy to recall the situation at that time. During my brief meeting with Hirofumi Ito (Prime Minister Ito), they got the news between Mero, although it was only a few words, but it achieved great things. If two people or one person had wavered a little at that time, there would not be today's situation, let alone Japan, which attracts worldwide attention and is proud of it.

Luo Zongguang was right. The victory of the Korean Peninsula and China made Japan win everything. On the one hand, Japan has become an internationally recognized world power, its international status has been greatly improved, and it has become a representative of the eastern countries. On the other hand, the huge compensation from China has brought a leap to the Japanese domestic economy, and formally established the coveted gold standard system, just like "happiness cannot be double-edged". Moreover, more importantly, the Japanese national pride has been expanded unprecedentedly.

On the other hand, China lacked the determination and preparation for war from the beginning. In the face of Japan's aggressiveness on the Korean peninsula, it blindly tolerated it, failed to make adequate preparations and mobilization for war, and pinned the reversal of the current situation on the so-called mediation of the international community. Even if the war broke out, we still lacked the determination to fight to the end. Yuan Shikai, an imperial envoy stationed in North Korea, fled back to China in advance, the main battle generals fled in the cold wind, and the war information failed again and again, all indicating that defeat was inevitable.

This unprecedented failure completely destroyed the failure of China's Westernization Movement to promote modernization for more than 30 years, lost the last fig leaf of the East Asian powers, and foreshadowed greater hardships.

Bibliography: Japanese History (by Tarou Sakamoto, translated by Wang Xiangrong, published by China Social Sciences Press).

The War between Qing Dynasty and Japan (by Zong Zeya, published by Beijing United Publishing Company)