What preparations do you need to make at the beginning to raise scorpions?

First, the scorpion breeding equipment and breeding forms

(1) Potting: Choose a porcelain pot or a plastic pot with a smooth inner wall, put 1 to 2 inches of soil on the bottom of the pot, add water, stir, flatten and compact, and then build a multi-slit rockery on the soil for scorpions to inhabit.

(2), boxes, waste packaging boxes that have not released chemical pesticides can be used, and the size is not limited. The feeding method is the same as potted plants, except that a 2-inch-wide plastic sheet is nailed around the inner wall of the box to prevent scorpions from escaping. Scorpions can't climb or run whenever the surface is smooth.

(3) Pond culture, brick pond or cement pond can be used for culture (outdoor culture should be covered for rain protection), and the specifications depend on the number of introduced species. Generally, the pond is 1 m long, 06 m wide and 0.5 m high. At the bottom of the pond, 1 to 2 inches of soil and water are mixed and compacted. There is a scorpion nest on the compacted soil, and a plastic film strip with a width of about 2 inches is nailed to the edge of the pool mouth.

(4) Pit culture and pit culture are very common in the north. Pit depth 1m, the size of the pit depends on the number of scorpions to be raised. After digging the pit, it is necessary to build tiles and gravel in the pit for scorpions to move. The escape prevention method refers to the escape prevention measures of pond breeding. The advantage of pit cultivation is to use the moderately humid air in the pit to meet the requirements of scorpions for air humidity.

(5) For farmers with tight housing conditions, space can be used, and feeding management is more convenient. The frame can be any wood, and its size depends on the spatial position. Generally, it is about 3 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.5 meters high per floor. Other methods are the same as pond culture.

(6) Please refer to the end view for wall maintenance, room maintenance and free-range cylinder maintenance.

(7) heat culture

(1), heating equipment, such as coal stoves, firewalls, electric heaters, water heaters, etc. No matter which heating method is adopted, the temperature and temperature should meet the requirements. At the same time, the heating mode and scale depend on the number of breeding, and it is required that there should be no loopholes and gaps in the film cloth window. Coal stoves should be used for heating, and smoke should be discharged through iron sheets. In order to maximize indoor heat dissipation, the pipes should be longer. Transparent plastic greenhouses can be used for breeding, and adobe can be used as rockery in greenhouses. The scale and structure of the greenhouse can be adapted to local conditions and local materials. In order to strengthen thermal insulation, a wind shield can be added to the greenhouse and the film can be covered with a curtain. The whole greenhouse should be sealed, and scorpions have low requirements for constant temperature. Generally, the temperature difference between day and night is 5℃-8℃. According to the change of outside temperature and the temperature in the greenhouse, adjust the fire in time to increase or decrease the temperature. Generally, the furnace is turned on during the day and night when the constant temperature is 35℃-38℃ and the relative temperature is 60%-75% (the heating time in the north is longer, 120 days-150 days, and some places in the south do not need heating), so that the hibernation habit of scorpions can be broken, and they can reproduce as usual all year round, and the young scorpions can grow to 8-/kloc.

(2) Breeding at room temperature, from Qingming to Bailu, is the best time for scorpions to grow and breed all year round. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the climate gradually warmed up, and the digestion capacity was also enhanced. During the summer solstice to the hot summer, the activity is the most active, which is the peak of growth, reproduction and mating. During the period from the autumnal equinox to the first frost, the temperature gradually drops. During this period, scorpions eat a lot, eat as much as possible, and store the obtained fat nutrition to supply the nutritional consumption during dormancy and recovery. The temperature is starting to rise, Scorpio.

Second, the life habits of scorpions

Scorpions like to be dark and wet, afraid of wind and light (the activity place is wet and the nest is slightly dry), eat during the day, feed at night, and move around 6-8 pm to feed. The optimum temperature for growth and reproduction is 35℃-38℃, the relative humidity of air is 60%-75%, and it is dormant below 5℃ (minus 25℃, as long as it is propagated in the air or 6544℃).

Iii. Feeding management (1),

(1), spring tube: management before and after shock should be paid attention to in spring. At this time, although the temperature is low, the scorpion begins to recover, but its activity ability is poor and its digestion ability is not strong. Premature feeding often leads to indigestion in scorpions, usually once every five days.

(2) Summer management: Summer is the peak season for scorpions. Besides providing enough food, we should also pay attention to hygiene. Found rotten bodies and rotten feed, to clean up, feed once every two days, give them water to drink. We can enlarge the sponge in the bowl in the nest, or put it in with bricks and tiles. Scorpion room, in windless weather, open the doors and windows for ventilation.

(3) Autumn tube: Young scorpions born in August and September should be grouped well before winter, fed with animal feed to enhance their physique and store energy in the body. Other age groups should also overwinter in this way, and pay attention to reducing the temperature of the activity place.

(4) After the first frost in winter, as the temperature drops, scorpions stop moving and eating and begin to hibernate. Pay attention to antifreeze after hibernation.

(2) Management and protection of different scorpion ages:

(1), management of young scorpions, about 5 days after birth (35℃-32℃), young scorpions shed their skin for the first time to become second-year-old scorpions, and left the back of the mother scorpion after 5-7 days. The little scorpion who just left his mother's back has a big appetite and must be fed. Young scorpions can eat about 20 milligrams of worms in 48 hours.

(2) Management and protection of adult scorpions. In the process of growth and calving, adult scorpions require higher quality and quantity of feed. At this time, insects and meat are mainly used, and the feeding frequency is increased. In July and August, the female scorpions give birth one after another, and the scorpions should be mixed after delivery to facilitate mating. The temperature at birth is generally 35-38 degrees. In this temperature range, not only the birth is fast, but also the postpartum survival rate of the scorpion is high. In order to give birth smoothly, the female scorpion should not be frightened before giving birth.

(3) Scorpions need a ratio of 1:2 to mate in a nest of scorpions, that is,/kloc-0 per male and 2 females. In fact, the mating physiology of scorpions is that a male scorpion can only mate with 1 female scorpion or two female scorpions 1 time, and the balance of scorpions is too small, because males are sometimes killed by females during mating.

Four. Scorpion breeding Scorpions are viviparous. The fertilized egg completes embryonic development in vivo for about 40 days, resulting in young scorpions. Scorpions need a warm environment during embryonic development. During labor, the third and fourth feet are straight, the first and second pairs of feet are folded inward, the head, chest and front abdomen lean forward close to the ground, the comb plate is drooping and the reproduction is open. Scorpions are born with their feet folded in two steps and usually don't touch the ground. The appendage and tail are folded into an oval shape in the abdomen, like rice. When the liquid on the surface of the scorpion is dry, it stretches and climbs to the back of the mother scorpion along her head, chest and limbs. The environment is suitable, and the mother scorpion gives birth to a fetus every half an hour or so. Scorpions can generally give birth to 30-50 scorpions, and some give birth to more than 20 scorpions, with an average of about 30. When giving birth, some female scorpions will throw away their scorpions and give birth if they are entangled. Finally, they will give birth to a few large yellow-brown particles, which are stillbirths. Sometimes the scorpions they give birth to are dead seeds because of long-term dryness before labor or other physical factors that destroy the environment. Scorpions can't eat or move during the negative breeding period, and concentrate on protecting their young from accidental injuries. If the young scorpion leaves, the female scorpion will gently grip it with powerful touching limbs and induce it to return to her back. Special reminder, don't be sure that the female scorpion has eaten enough before giving birth. In the later period of mother, the little scorpion does not eat or drink, and relies on the yolk in the body for nutrition. One-year-old scorpions weigh 1 cm, are milky white, and their body fat is regularly arranged on their mother's back.

5. Mating and postpartum management Scorpions consume a lot of energy during mating. Therefore, before mating, provide adequate nutritious food for male and female scorpions to promote the rapid development of fertilized embryos, and male scorpions can continue to mate with other female scorpions. Before giving birth, the female scorpion ate very little and didn't like to move. During the postpartum period, the female scorpion usually doesn't eat or move. She stretched out her limbs and pricked up her tail to protect the young scorpion on her back. At this time, she should keep a quiet environment and not be disturbed. After 7 to 10 days, the young scorpion left its mother's back and lived independently. At this time, we should give her enough food to restore her strength. When the young scorpion leaves the body of the female scorpion, it is found that the female scorpion with a thin front abdomen goes out for activities. This is an artificially bred female scorpion. You can use clips or bamboo chopsticks for several nights in a row, or you can use an automatic separation slide, that is, set a glass baffle in front of the big scorpion pool and leave a thin seam between the glass baffle and the ground of the small pool. Only small scorpions can enter the big scorpion pool through the thin seam, so that the big scorpion and the small scorpion can be separated. When the scorpion gives birth, put the scorpion in labor in a container and observe it at any time. When finding a scorpion in labor crawling on the back of the mother scorpion, put it on the tail of the mother scorpion with chopsticks or clips in time and put it in another incubator. The incubator is padded with soil, and a few pebbles or paper balls are covered with cardboard, so that scorpions can defecate when walking in and out, and it is not easy to fall off their backs. At the same time, feed should be given to the female scorpion, which will pass 10-.

Six, the scorpion feed source

(1). In order to catch fresh insects thoroughly, you can use fluorescent lamp or black light lamp, and install insect accumulation funnel under the lamp, and the lower mouth of the funnel is connected with the insect collection box. The trapping season is generally from Grain Rain to the first frost, and the trapping time is 8- 12 pm.

(2) Bait trapping method is mostly used to trap female rats and insects. Where there are food residues in dark and humid places, there are a lot of dried tide insects. Therefore, in places where tide insects often appear, put the enamel washbasin underground, with the mouth flush with the ground, and add fried soybean powder, wheat or food residue, vegetable leaves and so on. Put it inside, you can lure a certain number of tide insects every night.

(3) Method of raising Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga: nail a circle of plastic cloth around the raised pond or box with a brick pond or wooden box to prevent insects from escaping, fill the pond with fertile soil with the thickness of 10- 13cm, introduce Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga or egg sheaths into the pond respectively, cover the pond with a rainproof and shading method, and keep the soil in the pond moist, so that the egg sheaths naturally hatch once every 3 hours.

(4) Feeding method of Tenebrio molitor (breadworm): The adult eggs are round, the back is dark brown, the abdomen is reddish, the larvae are long and cylindrical, and the body wall is smooth and elastic. The yellow-brown pupa is milky white at first, then turns yellow gradually, and often floats on the feed surface. It takes about 70 days from spawning to sexual maturity. Dormancy is below 0℃, and growth and development are accelerated at 25℃-32℃. The larva molts 8 times and becomes a pupa. Pupa will become an adult after a week at about 25℃, and it should be placed in a ventilated and dry environment. Tenebrio molitor is an omnivore, eating wheat straw, corn husk, flour, cereals, fruits and vegetables, phoenix tree leaves, leguminous plants and various insects. The cultivation equipment is made of plastic pots or wooden cases with a length of 0.6m, a width of 0.5m and a height of 0 0. 15m, and the bottom is made of fiberboard or plywood. Plastic strips should be nailed around the box or the box should be washed with paint to prevent it from overflowing. The number of wooden cases required depends on the number of Tenebrio molitor, and the thickness of feed such as skin should be within 65438 0 inches, which is caused by the high feeding density of Tenebrio molitor itself. The wooden box for rearing adults is basically the same as the wooden box for rearing larvae, but the difference is that the bottom of the box is nailed with an iron net with a mesh of 2-3 mm, so that adults can lay eggs under the mesh screen, and a layer of egg catching paper is padded under the mesh screen. A week later, the worms hatch and then are poured into the incubator for feeding. Larvae, pupae and adults should be raised separately to avoid killing each other. Dead larvae, adults and pupae should be removed in time. In order to avoid rot and deterioration, and timely clean and screen out the molting shell and dung particles of larvae.

(5) Culturing insects with rice straw: cut the rice straw into 2-3 cm long, dry it, pour the soup with boiling water, then bury it in a pit with a depth of 15 cm, cover it with sludge with a thickness of 6 cm, pour water on the pile once a day for about half a month, open it for collection, seal it as usual after collection, and then water it, which can be used continuously for 4-5 times.

(6) Other methods include cow dung breeding, artificial breeding of earthworms, artificial breeding of fly maggots, various animal meat and scraps.

(7) Plant feeds, such as sugar, wheat straw, flour, etc., cannot be directly fed, but should be steamed like steamed bread. Crushed and mixed with animal feed or fried and mixed for feeding.

Seven, seed introduction and transportation methods are suitable for spring, summer and autumn introduction in the north. In the south, it can be introduced all year round except January. When introducing scorpion varieties, it is best to introduce varieties optimized in recent years, mainly from units and individuals that artificially raise scorpions to other places. If the imported scorpions are from different places, it is necessary to spray substances with the same smell one week before the scorpions are gregarious, so that they can identify each other after gregarious and avoid fighting and killing.

Eight, scorpion disease prevention and natural enemies

(1) Black belly disease, which caused the scorpion to die after suffering from this disease. Most diseases are caused by scorpions eating unclean and smelly food or water. Prevention and treatment methods are mainly to pay attention to hygiene and remove silt or sewage.

(2) Black mold, caused by excessive humidity in the nest. The main symptoms are: the feet can't be tightened, the back abdomen can't be curled, the whole body is weak, the movement is slow, and there are small black spots on the front abdomen. You can use 0.25 g of chlortetracycline tablets, grind them into powder and add 400 mg of water, and force them to drink the medicine for 3-4 days across the sick abdomen. At the same time, spray 0. 1% potassium permanganate.

(3) dry disease. Scorpion's tail withered, white and dull after suffering from this disease. The main reason is that the scorpion nest is too dry to get water for a long time. It is necessary to take preventive measures, provide water to scorpions in time, and maintain a certain humidity in the nest.

(4) wilt disease. After suffering from this disease, scorpions often show dryness and sluggishness, can't crawl, lose balance, and show fear when eating. The main reason is that the nest soil is too dry, which is caused by overeating after scorpion is too hungry. You can use 3 pieces of yeast and oxytetracycline 1 powder to add water and force scorpions to drink their liquid medicine twice a day for 3-4 days.

(5) Natural enemies include mice, ants and geckos. There shouldn't be mice and geckos where scorpions are kept. The prevention and control methods of ants should be poured into ant nests with boiling water or pesticides and soapy water and eliminated. For example, in the cracks in the wall, dichlorvos can be injected into the needle tube and blocked with cement. You can also use 50 grams of chlordane powder and 25 grams of clay water to make a paste. Dip it with a brush or brush and draw a line around the scorpion. It can also be used to trap and kill meat bones, sugar residue and so on.

Nine, the scorpion harvest and processing

(1) The collection methods of pond culture, pit culture, box culture and shelf culture are as follows: sweep the scorpions in the scorpion nest into a small iron dustpan with a broom, pour them into a plastic basin or bucket, then lift the tiles in the nest one by one, completely sweep them out, then put them away as they are, and then put the selected seeds into the rest for processing. The collection and capture method of large-scale breeding and house raising is: spray white wine into the scorpion house with a sprayer, close the doors and windows, and leave only two air outlets at the root of the wall. After about half an hour, the scorpion will escape from the air outlet and put a large plastic basin at the exit. The scorpion will file out and fall into the basin.

(2) Processing

(1) Processing method of light scorpion: fresh water scorpion is also called clear water scorpion. First, pour the scorpion into a pot, submerge it in cold water, take it out after 4 hours, pour it into a boiling water pot, boil it in boiling water for about 25 minutes, take it out and dry it in the sun or in the shade, and then put it into a carton or a non-toxic bag for sale.

(2) Processing method of salted scorpion. Salty scorpions are also called salty scorpions. Dissolve the salt in boiling water, let it cool, then pour the live scorpions into the salt water until they are submerged for about 6 hours (3 kg of salt is used for every 10 kg of scorpions), then pour the salt water and scorpions into the pot at the same time, boil them in boiling water for about 20 minutes, then take them out, spread them on straw mats, and dry them in a ventilated place, so that they can be sold.

X. Treatment after scorpion sting.

(1) Soak the wound with strong soapy water or washing powder for 5 minutes, and the pain will be relieved. If you keep soaking for half an hour, the pain will go away.

(2) Soak the wound with potassium permanganate water.

(3) Mash the wound with live spiders or snails.

(4) Apply cool oil to the wound.

(5) Mashing two live scorpions, mixing with vegetable oil or peanut oil, and coating.

(6) pulverizing Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, adding vinegar, and coating. Eleven: The simple way to extract scorpion venom is to tightly clamp one of the two contact limbs with a metal clip, but don't clamp the contact limb. At this time, you will see the venom from the tail thorn, but it is best to extract the venom by electrical stimulation. The frequency can be adjusted to 128 Hz and the voltage is 6- 10 volts by using the commonly used multi-purpose instrument for pharmacological and physiological experiments. Clamp one limb with one electrode, clamp the second part of the scorpion tail with a metal clamp, and continuously contact the metal clamp with the other electrode. If it doesn't react, drop physiological saline on the contact part between the electrode and the scorpion, then collect the venom discharged from the tail sting with a small beaker of 50 ml, and concentrate it in vacuum into a dry product. The dry poison is grayish white. 266 scorpions produced 9 1.5356 mg. Each scorpion produces 0.3443 mg of dry poison. Take poison every half a month. At natural temperature, April-September is the peak season for drug collection. Scorpions detoxify little or no poison when the temperature is low. (It is best to buy a poison extractor to extract scorpion venom)