What are the hazards of smog? Seven methods to prevent the harm of fog and haze

With the deterioration of air quality, haze weather began to appear. At present, many places in China have foggy weather, which brings a lot of harm. What is the cause of haze weather? What are the hazards of smog? What are the prevention methods of smog? Bian Xiao has compiled relevant information and will give you an answer in the article.

What is smog?

Haze (wù? Mái (smog/haze in English) is a combination of fog and haze. Smog is very common in cities. In many areas of China, fog and haze are combined as disastrous weather phenomena for early warning and forecasting, which are collectively called "haze weather".

Hazy weather refers to the hazy vision of the atmosphere when the relative humidity of the atmosphere is between 80-90%. The low atmospheric visibility in this case is caused by the mixture of haze and fog, which is called haze weather. But this kind of weather is very rare, because the atmospheric humidity is between 80-90%, usually after rain, the rain will filter out the dust in the atmosphere. After the rain, there is generally less dust in the atmosphere and it is not easy to form smog.

Reasons for the formation of haze weather:

Fog refers to the weather phenomenon that the visibility is lower than 1 km due to the condensation of suspended water vapor in the atmosphere. The formation of smog is mainly the result of a large number of suspended particles in the air and meteorological conditions. There are three reasons for the formation of haze weather:

1, the phenomenon of increasing static wind in horizontal direction.

2. There is an inversion in the vertical direction.

3. The increase of suspended particles in the air.

With the growth of urban population and industrial development, the number of motor vehicles has soared, and the emissions of pollutants and suspended solids have increased greatly, which directly leads to the decline of visibility. In fact, dust "smog" will also occur in home decoration, and indoor dust is pervasive, which is not only harmful to the health of staff and users, but also increases the cleaning burden. When the dust is serious, it will also bring many hidden dangers to the decoration project.

In addition to meteorological conditions, the increase of atmospheric particulate matter (including coarse particulate matter PM 10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5) caused by industrial production, vehicle exhaust emissions and coal burning in winter is an important factor of smog. At present, the level of pollutant discharge in many cities is at a critical point, which is very sensitive to meteorological conditions. When diffusion conditions are good, the air quality can reach the standard, and once adverse weather conditions are encountered, the air quality and visibility will drop rapidly.

What are the hazards of smog?

First, the harm of smog to people

1, lung injury

Smog weather has the greatest impact on the respiratory system, which has become the common sense of most people. The respiratory system has the most frequent contact with the external environment and the contact area is large. Hundreds of atmospheric particles can directly enter and adhere to the upper and lower respiratory tract and lungs of the human body, most of which will be inhaled by the human body. Secondly, the smog weather weakens the surface ultraviolet rays, which easily increases the activity of bacteria in the air. Fine particles can "carry" bacteria and viruses deep into the respiratory system, causing infection.

2. Hurt my heart

Harvard University School of Public Health has proved that particulate pollutants on cloudy days will not only cause myocardial infarction, but also cause myocardial ischemia or injury. The United States investigated 25,000 people with heart disease or bad heart, and found that with the increase of PM2.5, the mortality rate of patients would increase 10 μ g/m3.

Step 3 damage blood vessels

There are many pollutants in the air in foggy days, and the air pressure is low, which is easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular diseases. When the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is high. When people exercise outdoors, sweat is not easy to be discharged, which makes people feel chest tightness and blood pressure rise. Moreover, in foggy weather, the air pressure is relatively low, and people will feel irritable and their blood pressure will naturally rise. In addition, in foggy days, the temperature is often low. Some patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease suddenly go from warm indoor to cold outdoor, and blood vessels expand with heat and contract with cold, which will also increase blood pressure, leading to stroke and myocardial infarction.

4, hurt the skin

Skin also has respiratory function. In clean air, the skin will be very comfortable and moist, but in a dirty environment, the skin will be very uncomfortable.

5. Brain injury

Smog not only harms organs, but also affects the nervous system invisibly. Zhong Nanshan once introduced that the 65th annual meeting of the American Geriatrics Association came to a conclusion that if PM2.5 in the air increases 10 μ g/m3, people's brain function will age for three years.

Second, the harm of smog to the environment

1, affecting traffic

Due to poor air quality and low visibility in foggy days, rear-end collision accidents are prone to occur, which will affect the normal traffic order and have no change in everyone's travel. We should pay more attention to the road conditions in our daily driving to avoid danger.

2. Affect life

Haze weather has an important impact on roads, railways, aviation, shipping, power supply systems and crop growth. Fog and haze will cause air quality decline, affect the ecological environment and bring great harm to human health.

Smoke hazard prevention:

1, go out less

Reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself. According to the epidemiological study on PM2.5 published by Huang Wei, a researcher at the Frontier Interdisciplinary Research Center of Environment and Health in Peking University, in American Epidemiology 20 12, after excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, aging and meteorological factors, when the concentration of PM2.5 increases 103 μ g/m3, the risk of excess death from all causes of residents will increase by 2.29%. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%. If you must go out, don't ride a bike, avoid the rush hour of traffic jam and the sections where you drive a lot, and avoid inhaling more chemicals. It is also best not to drive a private car, but to take public transportation to contribute to reducing PM2.5

Step 2 wear a mask when you go out

You can wear a mask when you go out, which can effectively prevent dust particles from entering the body. Cotton masks are the best because some people are allergic to non-woven fabrics, while cotton masks are generally not allergic and easy to clean. In addition, if you choose a suitable mask, ordinary masks have little effect on 2.5 micron airborne particles. To block PM2.5, a medical N95 mask is needed, which can block 95% of 0.3 micron particles and also play a certain role in PM2.5 weather off the charts. To buy a formal and qualified N95 mask that matches your face size, you should wait until it is dry and fold it in half to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. It should not be worn for too long, and the elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it to avoid dizziness caused by dyspnea.

3. Do a good job in personal hygiene

Wash your face, rinse your mouth and clean your nasal cavity in time after going out to prevent the harm of PM2.5 to human body. It is best to use warm water when washing your face, which is beneficial to wash off the particles on your face. When cleaning the nasal cavity, you can repeatedly clean it with a clean cotton swab dipped in water, or repeatedly absorb water with your nose to blow your nose quickly and avoid choking. In addition to face cleaning, bare parts of the body should also be cleaned.

4. Open the window less in foggy days

Experts say that in foggy weather, try not to open the window. If you really need to open the window for ventilation, you should try to avoid the morning and evening smog peak hours, and open the window for ventilation for half an hour to one hour at a time. At the same time, residents who use air conditioning for heating should pay attention to opening windows to ensure adequate indoor oxygen. You can plant a variety of green plants on your balcony, terrace and indoors, such as green crown-leaf plants such as green radish, evergreen and tiger orchid, because of their large leaves and strong adsorption capacity. You can also use an air purifier. 80% of air purifiers in the market mainly purify fine particles in the air, which has a good adsorption effect on PM2.5, but you should pay attention to changing the filter element frequently when using it.

5. Eat lightly and drink plenty of water

The diet in foggy days should choose light and digestible foods rich in vitamins, drink plenty of water and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can not only supplement various vitamins and inorganic salts, but also play a role in moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. Eat less irritating food and eat more pears, loquats, oranges, oranges and other foods.

6, the right amount of vitamin D.

This season is foggy and sunny. Due to insufficient ultraviolet radiation and insufficient vitamin D in the human body, some people will experience mental laziness and depression. Vitamin d can be supplemented if necessary.

7. smoke less

Cigars, cigars and pipes will produce a large number of fine particles belonging to the category of PM2.5 if they are not completely burned. Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 compounds, including 69 carcinogens and 172 harmful substances, which will seriously harm the health of smokers themselves and those who inhale "second-hand smoke", especially in this smog weather. Therefore, smokers should try to smoke as little as possible whether they go out or stay indoors in recent days.

smog-control

The first law of smog control: personal departure

1, smog often turns red, how to deal with it. Haze often lights up with a red light, and the problems caused to health cannot be underestimated. To control smog, we must first start from ourselves!

2. Strengthen resource conservation and publicity and protection, guide everyone around us to practice a low-carbon lifestyle, and everyone will make a contribution to environmental protection, so that energy will gather together and there will be great gains!

The second way to control smog: corporate governance

1, change the dust control mode, from dust removal to dust suppression, from organized to unorganized.

2. From dust removal to dust suppression. Traditional dust removal technology has many disadvantages, such as secondary pollution caused by water dust removal, unstable effect caused by filter material adhesion, high cost caused by electrostatic dust removal and so on. Dust suppression technology is to control dust from the source, and dust suppression is to suppress dust from the source, so the process of "dust removal" after dust occurrence is naturally omitted. This concept comes from Bermudikon.

3. From organized to unorganized. Organized emissions mainly exist in perfect and standardized workplaces; Unorganized emission plays an important role in air pollution in China. Therefore, we need to change the governance model. The existing BME biomembrane dust suppression technology, cloud dust suppression technology, wet dust removal technology and BME unorganized emission technology can be used for unorganized treatment.

The third way to control smog: government governance

1, the government needs to promote scientific and technological innovation, actively develop new energy, encourage everyone to actively use new energy, and prevent fossils from becoming the main fuel!

2. The government implements the scientific development strategy and strengthens environmental protection! ? Don't let the pain of smog become the pain of our breathing. It was not formed in a day. We can't expect it to be cured in a day, but we need the joint efforts of all parties!

The appearance of haze weather does some harm to our health and environment, but the air quality depends on all of us. For the sake of our health, from now on, when the smog weather comes, everyone should take measures such as wearing masks and reducing windows. Usually, we should drive as little as possible, plant more trees and participate in green activities to maintain and improve our living environment.

Haze weather is terrible, but in the decoration industry, we must also learn to avoid "indoor smog." Many invisible formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radioactive radon, dust, etc. It is considered as "indoor smoke". Decoration can be said to be the source of pollutants. Only by controlling the source well can "indoor smog" be prevented to the greatest extent. The source of controlling indoor smog is to choose materials that meet the standards, combine the construction that meets the standards, and choose trustworthy decoration.

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