What are the main factors that cause weather changes?

Latitude position, atmospheric circulation, land and sea distribution, ocean currents and topography are the main factors affecting climate. The first two are global zonal factors, while the last three are non-zonal factors.

Latitude is the basic factor that affects climate. Because the earth is a large sphere, the angle of the sun's irradiation is different in places with different latitudes. Some places are directly irradiated, some are slanted, and some places are not exposed to sunlight all day or for several months. Therefore, the sun's altitude angle is different in different places, the amount of solar heat received is different, and the temperature is also very different. Generally, the lower the latitude, the higher the temperature; the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature. The different latitudes of various regions are the main reason for the different temperatures around the world.