Please name ten outstanding figures in China?

Select the top ten outstanding figures every year! But also in various fields.

Here I will talk about science in recent years.

Qian Xuesen, the founder of China's space industry

A native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1938 received his doctorate in the United States. He began to fight for returning to China in 1950 and was persecuted by the American government. 1955 It took five years to return to the motherland. Since 1958, Qian Xuesen has been the technical director of rocket, missile and spacecraft development for a long time, and put forward an extremely important implementation plan for the development of rocket and missile technology in China.

From 65438 to 0965, Qian Xuesen formally submitted a report and plan to the state, suggesting that the research plan of artificial satellites should be included in the national task. Qian Xuesen contributed wisdom to solving many key technical problems in the implementation of the satellite development plan.

Qian Xuesen has made great contributions to science and technology in many aspects. With his rich knowledge in the fields of collectivity, power, guidance, aerodynamics, structure, computer and quality control, he played a great role in organizing and leading the research and development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft in New China, and made outstanding contributions to the rapid development of rockets, missiles and aerospace in China.

Min Enze won the highest national science and technology award in 2007.

Male, 84 years old. 1994, an expert in petrochemical catalysts, was elected as an academician of the China Academy of Engineering and the founder of the applied science of oil refining catalysis in China. June, 5438+October, 2008/KLOC-0, approved by the State Council, became one of the two winners of the highest national science and technology award in 2007.

1955 after studying in the United States, I broke through many obstacles and returned to China. In the 1960s, under extremely difficult conditions, China independently developed micro-sphere silica-alumina cracking catalyst, which broke the technical blockade of foreign countries, met the urgent needs of the country and laid the foundation for the manufacturing technology of China's refining catalyst. In the 1970s, under the special political conditions, he did not forget the scientific research work, led the research and development of various catalysts, and put them into production and application, which made China's oil refining catalysts catch up with the world's advanced level and realized the leap-forward development of China's oil refining catalysts.

After 1980, the research on caprolactam hydrogenation in magnetically stabilized bed was guided, which made the production of cracking catalyst in China reach the world advanced level and met the needs of the development of refining industry and oil upgrading in China.

Academician Min Enze is a respected and famous expert, who has trained a large number of scientific and technological talents for China's petrochemical industry and condensed the scientific and technological innovation team combined with Industry-University-Research. In recent years, he entered the field of green chemistry research and extended the catalyst science and technology to the processing and utilization of biomass resources. Since 200 1, great progress has been made in the production and application research of biodiesel under his guidance.

Since the 1960s, Min Enze has been suffering from various diseases and was diagnosed with lung cancer. Two lungs and a rib were removed. However, he didn't give up China's petroleum catalysis, persisted in his work and made constant breakthroughs, and still works in the front line of scientific research.

Ye Duzheng meteorologist

Male, a native of Anqing, Anhui Province, was born in Tianjin in February 2006. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 10. Meteorologist, academician of China Academy of Sciences; He has been a researcher and director of the research office of Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a researcher and director of Institute of Atmospheric Physics, and vice president of China Academy of Sciences. He is currently a special consultant of China Academy of Sciences and an honorary director of lasg; Honorary member of American Meteorological Society; Member of the Royal Meteorological Society; Foreign academician of Finnish Academy of Sciences; He holds important positions in many international and domestic academic organizations.

The main scientific and technological achievements of Academician Ye Duzheng are as follows:

(1) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau initiated meteorology. Ye Duzheng first discovered that the southern branch jet and the northern branch jet around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their confluence became the most powerful jet in the northern hemisphere, which seriously affected the weather and climate in East Asia. He and Floan, a foreign climatologist, respectively pointed out that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a huge heat source of the atmosphere in summer, and Ye Duzheng pointed out for the first time that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a cold source in winter. At the same time, he also deeply studied the heat source of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer and its influence on the atmospheric circulation in East Asia. Because of his research work, the concept of thermal action of large terrain has been accepted internationally, which laid a scientific foundation for the establishment of meteorology on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

(2) Establish the theory of atmospheric long-wave energy dispersion. The energy dispersion theory of atmospheric plane Rossby wave is put forward, which proves theoretically that the energy in the westerly circulation can propagate downstream (or upstream) at a group velocity much greater than the wind speed, and provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of modern atmospheric long waves. At the same time, the generation, maintenance and movement of blocking high-pressure weather system are explained dynamically. After 365,438+0 years, this theory was extended by B.Hoskins' "Great Circle Theory" and became a theoretical explanation of teleconnection and teleconnection.

(3) Establish the theory of general circulation and seasonal mutation in East Asia. Ye Duzheng and Tao Shiyan found that the circulation in East Asia and North America changes sharply in the transitional season (June and 10), which is of great significance to the weather forecast in China. They also found that the establishment and collapse of blocking situation are often accompanied by strong changes in large-scale circulation situation, and its long-term maintenance will bring large-scale climate anomalies, thus proving the importance of blocking high in continuous abnormal weather forecast. These findings and theories have become important documents for the study of meteorological problems in East Asia, and laid an important foundation for the weather forecast in China. After 10 years, due to the extremely cold weather in North America in the winter of 1976, foreign scholars began to put forward various system theories and formed important research directions.

(4) Establish the adaptive scale theory of atmospheric motion. Whether atmospheric circulation is dominated by pressure field or wind field is a long-standing debate in academic circles, and it is also one of the keys to weather forecast. Ye Duzheng and others established the theory of adaptive scale of atmospheric motion through a series of works: motions with different spatial scales have characteristic scales, and when the spatial scale of actual motion is greater than this characteristic scale, the pressure field plays a leading role; When the spatial scale of motion is smaller than the characteristic scale, the wind field plays a leading role; Small and medium-scale atmospheric movements also have adaptation problems. This original theory perfects the physical explanation of the interaction process of various components of atmospheric motion and has important applications in weather forecasting.

(5) Opening up new fields of global change science. In the late 1970s and 1980s, Ye Duzheng actively organized and led China to carry out climate change research. He actively participated in the establishment of the Global Change Science Organization (IGBP), and played an important role, contributing a series of scientific ideas, such as: the sensitivity of the transition zone between climate and vegetation, the role of atmospheric chemistry in global change, and the adaptation of "orderly human activities" to global change. After simulation, he pointed out that large-scale irrigation can affect climate and hydrology for 3-6 months, thus proving the possibility of human activities affecting climate (known as "land memory").

(6) Make outstanding contributions to the development of modern meteorology in China. Ye Duzheng's theoretical research results have played an important role in improving the meteorological service level, and some of them are still playing a role today. For example, the theory of atmospheric long-wave energy dispersion, commonly known as "upstream effect" in business weather forecast; The formation and maintenance theory of blocking high pressure has always been an important theoretical basis for continuous abnormal weather forecast. The meteorological theory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not only one of the important foundations of weather forecast, but also the main foundation of climate forecast in China meteorological service. The adaptive scale theory of atmospheric motion wind field and pressure field is still one of the main theoretical foundations of weather analysis and forecast. In addition, he also actively participated in and guided the construction of meteorological operational system in China, and made substantial contributions to the establishment of "Meteorological Center", "Climate Center" and "Information Center" of China Meteorological Bureau.