Aerial photography of knowledge points in China Xinjiang

China (Xinjiang) Geography College Entrance Examination Aerial Photography (3)

Chili Town Building! ! ! No matter which version of the textbook is used in northwest China, it is a very important case of regional geography. The main tone of Xinjiang is drought, and there are many angles to investigate by using the overall characteristics. Combining with desertification, we can investigate the relationship between man and land. However, we must not be bound by drought. There are also vibrant forests, which are different from mountain pastures in Inner Mongolia, oases rich in water resources and small and medium-sized glaciers rich in fresh water. Physical geography emphasizes individuality (forest, grassland, oasis and glacier) in * * * (drought), while human geography pays attention to developing agriculture, industry, transportation and border trade according to local conditions.

Documentary viewing address [1080P ultra-clear record] Aerial photography of China trip to see Damei China in the sky (all six episodes in the first season)

1. Topography and genesis of Xinjiang

There are Altai Mountain in the north, Kunlun Mountain in the south and Tianshan Mountain in the middle. The two largest basins in China (Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin) are surrounded by three mountains.

Q: The terrain of "three mountains and two basins" in Xinjiang is caused by the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate.

Squeeze collision.

(The picture below shows the Zhejiang exam in April. )

2. River recharge

Q: "Summer melts and rivers flourish" in the foothills of northwest China shows that the flood season of rivers is often summer, and the type of river recharge is melting water from mountains and snow. 3.

Q: Tianshan Mountain has a high altitude, obvious vertical temperature difference and many glacial landforms. Glacier erosion will form ice buckets, ridges and tinder.

The tongue-shaped ice body extending downward in the picture is also called glacier tongue. Due to global warming, the snow line is rising and the glacier tongue is shortening.

4. City location

Urumqi is the largest city farthest from the ocean in the world, and the nearest ocean is 2000 kilometers away. But it is also the largest city closest to the glacier, and the glacier at 100 km provides water for it.

Q: Describe the distribution of settlements in Xinjiang and briefly explain the reasons.

A: The settlements are mostly distributed in the alluvial fan (oasis) belt at the foot of the basin edge, which is beaded.

Because the northwest region lives inland, the precipitation is scarce, the alluvial fans in front of the mountain have sufficient water resources, flat terrain, fertile soil and developed agriculture and animal husbandry, which is conducive to the layout of traffic arteries and the gradual gathering of population to form settlements.

5. Cotton (agricultural area)

In September, Shihezi cotton took the lead. Shihezi is sunny, and the cotton produced every year needs to be loaded by 9000 trucks.

Q: Analyze the location conditions of cotton planting in Xinjiang.

A: Favorable conditions: the melting water of alpine snow and ice can provide irrigation water; Living in the inland, there are many sunny days, and the summer temperature is high, the days are long, the sunshine is sufficient, and the precipitation in September is less, which is conducive to picking; The large temperature difference between day and night is beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter; The cold in winter can kill diseases. Flat and open terrain, low land price and fertile soil; There are a large number of foreign laborers in the picking season, which is cheap and abundant; The government provides subsidies or other policy support.

Disadvantages: the annual temperature varies greatly, and the spring festival evening or late spring cold in individual years affects the unearthed or frostbitten cotton seedlings; Threatened by desertification/sand blowing weather and serious pests and diseases; The transportation line is long and the transportation cost is high.

6. tomatoes

Compared with cotton, tomatoes are new immigrants in this land. It has only been in Xinjiang for several decades. Tomato is a red crop, which likes plenty of sunshine and serious temperature difference. The sunshine time in Xinjiang is more than 2500 hours, and the temperature difference between day and night is as high as ten degrees Celsius. When I came to Xinjiang, tomato found a suitable husband's family. Today, Xinjiang's tomato processing capacity is second only to the United States and Italy, and one out of every four bottles of ketchup in the world comes from here.

1 q: the limiting factor of tomato cultivation in Xinjiang is water source. The main reasons for the good quality of tomatoes in Xinjiang are abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter. Among them, abundant sunshine is related to its geographical location in the inland, with less precipitation and more sunny days, and the weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation is weak.

Q: Among the processed tomatoes exported from Xinjiang, primary products account for 80%, and the export market is relatively concentrated in Japan, Europe and a few areas in Southeast Asia. In view of this phenomenon, the measures that can be taken are as follows

Extend the industrial chain, enhance the added value of products, enhance brand competitiveness and open up a broader international market.

7. Canyon

Rivers originating from snow-capped mountains rush down steep slopes and cut steep cliffs on the earth. Seen from the sky, the Anji Sea Grand Canyon is the most colorful, and the rivers wash and dissolve sandstone and mudstone of different colors, forming an abstract picture of the earth.

Q: The canyon was caused by water erosion. From the landscape map of the cliff, the rocks on both sides mainly belong to sedimentary rocks, showing obvious bedding structure. Because rivers are mainly replenished by meltwater of ice and snow, the flow is unstable, the water level rises and falls sharply, and the vegetation coverage in the basin is low, which leads to serious soil erosion and high sediment concentration in the river, forming a chaotic and multi-branched braided water system in alluvial fans or piedmont plains.

8. Ili Valley (the influence of topography on climate)

The Atlantic Ocean, thousands of miles away, shows its magic in the Ili Valley. Taniguchi, which is open to the west, welcomes the water vapor, abundant precipitation and melting water of snow-capped mountains from the Atlantic Ocean to the maximum extent, creating this land bordering the south of the Yangtze River.

Q: Briefly analyze the reasons for the abundant precipitation in Yili Valley.

A: The quotation part has been answered very well.

9.lavender

In June, lavender began to bloom. Before 1960s, all lavender spices in China were imported. In order to change this situation, people tried planting in several provinces, and waited for six years before they successfully cultivated Yili.

Q: Only lavender in Yili Valley blooms for two seasons in the world. The first season is from the end of May to June. The second season is from the end of July to August, which is called summer flower and autumn flower. Try to analyze the reason why it can last for two seasons.

A: Located in the temperate continental climate zone, the temperature rises rapidly in summer, and the sowing time is early. There are mountains in the north to block the cold air, so it can be planted for a long time in winter. Variety improvement through scientific and technological means.

10. Saiguo Expressway (traffic)

Q: Saiguo Expressway is the first mountainous expressway in Xinjiang. In mountainous areas, because of the rugged terrain, traditional expressways are often built along contour lines, while modern expressways need direct access, and they often open holes in the mountains and bridge when encountering water. Saiguo Expressway must meet the requirements of wind resistance and earthquake resistance, and overcome the limitations of natural conditions through science and technology under adverse geological conditions.

1 1 ghost town

Q: Due to the constant strong winds in the four seasons, the violent northwest wind shuttles between rocks, making a shrill sound similar to Amityville's terror, and it is called a ghost town. In fact, it is a wind erosion landform formed in windy and dry environment.

12. Karamay Oilfield

Many lives hundreds of millions of years ago turned into black and sticky crude oil, which is more expensive than gold today. With the exploitation of oil, a city-Karamay rises in the Gobi.

Q 1: The rich oil resources near Karamay show that the climate in geological history is hotter than that in the present, and a large number of organisms have accumulated a lot of solar energy after fixation.

Q 2: The factor of Karamay population migration is the development of mineral resources.

Desert and desertification.

Overlooking the earth over the Gurbantunggut Desert, a golden vein stretches for more than ten kilometers. These veins are actually sand ridges, more than ten meters high and several kilometers long. Different from the flowing desert, the southern part of Gurbantunggut Desert is mainly composed of fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes.

The area of Taklimakan Desert is equivalent to the sum of the areas of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, which means "can get in, but can't get out" in Uighur. This is the most dangerous desert. More than 80% sand dunes flow with the wind. 1000 years, the whole desert has extended southward for about 100 kilometers.

Q 1: analyze the causes of desertification in northwest China.

A: Living deep inland, blocked by high mountains, water vapor is difficult to reach; Drought, less precipitation and sparse vegetation; Strong sunshine, large annual and daily temperature differences, strong weathering of rocks and loose sandy sediments; There are many windy days, concentrated in the dry season.

Population explosion has great pressure on the ecological environment, such as excessive logging, overgrazing, excessive reclamation and unreasonable use of water resources.

Question 2: Briefly describe the harm of desert moving from south to east to local economy.

A: The destruction of land resources has reduced the land area; Soil erosion, soil fertility decline, productivity decline; Land carrying capacity declines, and unit land output declines; Burying villages and towns, roads, causing economic losses.

14. Altai Mountain (Snow Line)

Passing through Junggar Basin from south to north, we will be close to Altai Mountain, the northernmost mountain range in China, where there is the lowest snow line in China, which is frozen over 3000m all year round.

Q: There are two main reasons why the snow line in Altai Mountain is the lowest in China:

The latitude is relatively high and the precipitation is abundant.

15. Transition

There is the best pasture on the high mountain. Around June every year, more than 6,543,800,000 livestock are welcomed in summer pastures in Xinjiang, and summer is the best time for them to fatten. Before winter comes, herders will bring their cattle and sheep down from the mountains and return to the warm valleys and lowlands. Xinjiang's transition moves at different heights, and herders can always step on the rhythm of the season.

Q: The dominant location factor in the formation of transitional animal husbandry is topography. Taking Altay as an example, the elevation of grassland is from low to high

Winter pasture, spring and autumn pasture, summer pasture

16. spruce

Snow-capped spruce lives in the depths of Tianshan Mountain. Their roots are developed, and each big tree is like a small reservoir, which can store 2.5 tons of water. They evaporate water very quickly, even exceeding the evaporation rate of seawater at the same latitude. Rising water vapor is easy to form rainfall, and snow-covered spruces are trying to shape a humid climate while cultivating grasslands.

Q: Please list the main ecological values of spruce forests in Ling Xue, such as water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance.

17. Jiaohe Ancient Town

This ancient city was built in the center of a willow-shaped river. Two rivers once crossed its sides, hence the name Jiaohe City. These ancient cities provided materials for caravans traveling far away on the Silk Road.

Q: In the arid environment of northwest China, water sources play a decisive role in the distribution of population and settlements. The location layout of Jiaohe ancient town is characterized by the intersection of main branches and tributaries.

18. Flame Mountain

Terrain is the main reason for the extreme heat in the Flame Mountain. It is located at the low point of Turpan basin, with a height difference of 5000 meters from the surrounding mountains. The basin is not suitable for the diffusion of hot air, so it becomes the hottest place in the same latitude.

Q: The Flame Mountain lives inland, and the ocean water vapor is blocked by the mountain, so the foehn effect is remarkable. The topography and barren underlying surface of the basin make it the hottest place in the same latitude. The surface of the Flame Mountain also presents thousands of canyons and valleys, which are mainly caused by:

The weathering and caving of rocks exposed to sunlight and wind erosion are obvious.

19. Karez

2000 years ago, people created an underground water conservancy project-Karejing. In order to reduce evaporation, people introduce melted water from snow-capped mountains into underground ditches and send it to farmland and villages.

Q: Analyze the advantages of using Karez to develop agriculture in Turpan Basin.

A: In summer, a large amount of melted water from snow, ice and mountain precipitation seeps into the ground and becomes an undercurrent, which makes the aquifer water level rise and provides water for Karez. The land is hard and difficult to collapse after digging; On dry and windy days in northwest China, the groundwater in Karejing will not be buried by wind and sand, with small evaporation and stable flow.