A story about civilization

Kong Rong (153—208), a native of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong), was a famous writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. His literary creation was highly praised by Wei Wendi Cao Pi. According to historical records, Kong Rong was not only very clever when he was young, but also a typical example of paying attention to brotherhood, mutual help and friendship.

When Kong Rong was four years old, he often ate pears with his brother. Every time, Kong Rong always takes the smallest pear. Once, my father saw it and asked, "Why do you always take the small one instead of the big one?" Kong Rong said, "I am the younger brother, and I am the youngest. I should eat the small one and let the big one be eaten by my brother! "

At an early age, Kong Rong learned the truth of mutual courtesy, mutual help, unity and friendship between brothers and sisters, which surprised the whole family. Since then, Kong Rong has spread the story of pears for thousands of years, becoming a model of unity and friendship.

Standing outside the door on a snowy day, waiting for Cheng Yi (Cheng Yi) to wake up and teach-respect the teacher and emphasize the road.

The story of "Snow at the Gate" comes from "Biography of Shi Yang in Song Dynasty": "I met Cheng Yi in Luo, when I was forty years old. One day I saw H, and I sat with Youzuo. By the time I felt it, the snow outside the door was already a foot deep. "

"Pear in Cheng Menxue" is about Shi Yang and You Zuo, scholars of the Song Dynasty, asking Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi for advice. Shi Yang and You Zuo studied under Cheng Hao. After Cheng Hao's death, both of them were forty years old and had been admitted to Jinshi. However, they will go to Cheng Yi to continue their studies. The story happened on the day when they first visited Cheng Yi in Songyang Academy.

According to legend, one day, Shi Yang and You Zuo came to Songyang Academy to visit Cheng Yi, and they happened to meet Mr. Cheng, who was taking a nap with his eyes closed. At this time, it began to snow outside. Eager to be a teacher, the two men stood aside respectfully and said nothing. After waiting for a long time, Cheng Yi slowly opened his eyes and saw You Zuo standing in front of him. He was startled and said, "Ah, ah! Are they still there? " At this time, the snow outside has accumulated more than a foot thick, and He Youzuo doesn't look tired and impatient.

This story, called "Cheng Menxue Pear", was widely circulated among scholars in the Song Dynasty. Later, people often used the idiom "Cheng Menxue Pear" to express that scholars should respect their teachers and study sincerely and firmly.

Respondent: miaomiao 0705- juren level 4 10-9 20:45

Xu You-Romantic Biography

Xu You befriended Cao Cao when he was young, and later became Yuan Shao's counselor. Many times, he was deeply dissatisfied that Yuan Shao's suggestions were not listened to. In the battle of Guandu, Xu You went to Cao Cao because his family broke the law, provided important information, and suggested that Cao Cao sneak attack Wu Chao. As a result, he won a great victory. After the battle of Guandu, Xu You followed Cao Cao to Yecheng. He spoke wildly and despised Cao Jun's soldiers, and was killed by Chu Xu in a rage. Cao Cao pretended to be angry, but didn't punish Chu Xu.

Cao Cao once greeted Xu You barefoot. Ancient etiquette

Cao Cao (155-220), whose real name is Xiahou, was born in posthumous title Mengde, Peiguoqiao County (now Bo County, Anhui Province), and was the eldest son of a big bureaucratic landlord family. Because his father, Cao Song, is the adopted son of Cao Teng, China's constant servant, he changed his surname to Cao. Because of this relationship, Cao Cao had the opportunity to get in touch with bureaucratic children from an early age. Yuan Shao, the future enemy, is also a friend of Cao Cao when he was young. Cao Cao is seven feet long with fine features and a long beard. I grew up bohemian, but I am very talented, resourceful and good at improvisation. At that time, there was a famous person in Runan named Xu Shao who was good at commenting on characters. He commented that Cao Cao was "an able person who managed the world and a traitor in troubled times".

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao gradually expanded his military strength in the process of suppressing the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), he welcomed the Han emperor to Xu (now Henan), gained political advantages, and successively put down the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. After Yuan Shao was defeated in the battle of Guandu in 200, the Yellow River basin was gradually unified. In 2008, he became prime minister, led the army south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. It was named Wang Wei in 2 16. He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. He appointed people on their merits, carried out three "meritocracy" and selected and appointed some talents. He also rectified and suppressed the merger of powerful countries. He is proficient in the art of war and has written works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War. He is good at poetry, such as Li Xing and Watching the Sea by Hao. Today, there are more than 20 Yuefu poems. He expressed his ambition to innovate politics and unify the whole country with poems, criticized and exposed the warlord's separatist melee at that time, and reflected the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty, which was magnificent, generous and sad. In 2007, I wrote a poem "Although I returned to my birthday". The poem says: "Although the tortoise has a long life, there is still a time; The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; The martyr's next year is full of courage. "Show the spirit of striving for the great cause of reunification. Therefore, Cao Cao was a politician, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Prose is also neat. His works include The Collection of Wei Wudi, which has been lost and compiled by Ming people. There is a typesetting copy of Cao Caoji today.

Cao Cao

Second, Cao Cao's military career:

After the death of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the general took charge of state affairs as a consort. But when he killed the eunuch, he was ambushed. At this time, Dong Zhuo, who has the title of Wolf of the West, led the army to take over the capital. Zhuo entered the city and changed to Shao's younger brother Liu Xie. Most ministers fled Luoyang in succession. Cao Cao also fled to Liu Chen to gather volunteers and condemn Dong Zhuo.

In the first year of Chuping, generals from all walks of life elected Yuan Shao, a prominent family, as the leader and asked Dong Zhuo for help in the Western Expedition. However, due to the ulterior motives of the generals, the insurgents failed. In this battle, Cao Cao met his future sworn enemy Liu Bei for the first time.

In the third year of Chuping, Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun and Lu Bu. The two men were taken over by Zhuo's subordinates Li Jue and Guo Si. And a group of ministers escaped from Chang 'an, but they were hunted down by Li and Guo. Cao Cao discussed with Yu Xun and Cheng Yu and invited Xian Di to Xuchang. From then on, Cao Cao began to hold the emperor as a minister.

Later, Cao Cao went to the Western Ocean in the name of Xian Di. Successively pacified the Kanto and Guanzhong areas. And Liu Bei once became his subordinate. Next, Cao Cao will face his old friend-Yuan Shao.

At that time, Yuan Shaopan was in charge of Youxian, Hebei, Binhe and Qinghai. He is strong in military power and brave as a cloud. Although Cao Cao has become the overlord of the Central Plains, he has always had a certain distance from Shao in strength.

In the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao's army went south and fought Cao Bing in Guandu. Finally, Cao Cao attacked the granary in Yuan Jun with five thousand cavalry led by General Xu You. When Yuan Bing saw the store burned down, Cao Jun took advantage of the situation to attack. Yuan Shao failed. The battle of Guandu established Cao Cao's hegemony in the north.

After the victory of the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao spent several years stabilizing the north and pursuing the Yu Party of Yuan (Shao Bing died shortly after his defeat). In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led an army south to levy Liu Biao. In the same year, Liu Biao died and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Facing Cao Cao's fierce army, Liu Cong decided to surrender. Cao Cao took over Jingzhou easily. Perhaps because Jingzhou was easy to get, Cao Cao decided to crusade for Sun Quan. But not as powerful as Liu Cong and others.

Sun Shi occupied Jiangdong from Sun Ce, and it has been popular ever since. Coupled with the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, the Sun Shi regime has a solid foundation. After receiving the news from Cao, Sun Quan held several military meetings. During the meeting, the main battle and the main faction had a heated debate. Finally, under the analysis of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, Sun Quan decided to play.

In December of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Sun Quan's army confronted Cao Jun in Chibi. Zhou Yu set fire to Cao Cao's boat, and Cao Jun was defeated. From then on, Cao Cao couldn't go south on a large scale. If the battle of Guandu decided Cao Cao's hegemony in the north,

Status, then Battle of Red Cliffs's failure is the only world war I for Cao to dominate the north.

Since then, although Cao Cao provoked wars on the border of Wu Dong many times, both sides won and lost. At the same time, Liu Beixi set up Yizhou as the self-styled king of Hanzhong. The trend of three pillars has become. Even Cao Cao, the hero of the earth, can't change this fact.

In the 21st year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao was promoted to Wang Wei.

In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao died at the age of sixty-six.

The following year, Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, usurped the Han Dynasty and sealed Wei after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Regard Cao Cao as Mao Zuwu.

Third, Cao Cao's criteria for selecting officials:

When selecting officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the candidates should not only have feudal moral qualities such as benevolence and filial piety, but also have noble family background. In order to maintain and develop power and let more people serve their own cause, Cao Cao did not stick to the above standards and emphasized "meritocracy". As long as he is talented, he pays attention to promotion even if he lacks feudal moral quality and comes from a lower class. From 2 10 to 2 17, he issued three "orders for seeking talents" in succession, and selected and appointed some talents. Yu Jin and Le Jin are generals promoted by Cao Cao from soldiers. Zhang Liao and Cao Cao were selected generals when he was pacifying Lu. As famous soldiers, they assisted Cao Cao in establishing great achievements, and they all made great contributions. Many people appointed by Cao Cao as state shepherds and county chiefs also came from humble origins.

Fourth, Cao Cao's economic policy:

1, Cao Cao cultivated land:

After Cao Cao started his army, due to lack of food, some recruits defected halfway and some generals almost starved to death. The harsh reality made him deeply realize the importance of rations. 196 (the first year of Jian' an), it was decided to implement the reclamation system. The grass-roots organization of wasteland is Tun, and each Tun has about 50 or 60 people, who are managed by Tun Tian Sima. The organization of wasteland reclamation is self-contained, and it is not subordinate to the county. Officials include the commander of Diannong (equivalent to the county magistrate), the captain of Diannong (equivalent to the county magistrate) and senior farmers directly affiliated to the court. Farmers who cultivate fields are called settlers. For those cultivated with official cattle, 60% of the harvest is given to the state, and for those cultivated with their own cattle, 50%. Wasteland farmers no longer undertake corvee and military service. The implementation of the land reclamation system has enabled many refugees to return to the land, solved some of their livelihood problems, played a positive role in restoring and developing production, and also played an important role in the rise and development of Cao Cao's forces.

2. Cao Cao enjoys farming.

Cao Cao paid attention to recruiting refugees, distributing them to uninhabited wasteland, or lending them to cattle to help and encourage them to engage in production. Due to the destruction of warlords in Guanzhong area, hundreds of thousands of people flowed into Jingzhou. Later, these people wanted to return to Guanzhong, suffering from the lack of plows, cattle and other means of production. Cao Cao took Wei Ji's advice and monopolized the salt. He used his income to buy cattle and farm tools and lent them to returning farmers to help them resume production. Cao Cao also paid attention to the development of water conservancy irrigation, the construction of ponds in various places, the promotion of rice fields and the promotion of advanced agricultural production technologies.

Kong Rong gave up the biggest pear.

Kong Rong (153—208), a native of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong), was a famous writer in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. His literary creation was highly praised by Wei Wendi Cao Pi. According to historical records, Kong Rong was not only very clever when he was young, but also a typical example of paying attention to brotherhood, mutual help and friendship.

When Kong Rong was four years old, he often ate pears with his brother. Every time, Kong Rong always takes the smallest pear. Once, my father saw it and asked, "Why do you always take the small one instead of the big one?" Kong Rong said, "I am the younger brother, and I am the youngest. I should eat the small one and let the big one be eaten by my brother! "

At an early age, Kong Rong learned the truth of mutual courtesy, mutual help, unity and friendship between brothers and sisters, which surprised the whole family. Since then, Kong Rong has spread the story of pears for thousands of years, becoming a model of unity and friendship.

Standing outside the door on a snowy day, waiting for Cheng Yi (Cheng Yi) to wake up and teach-respect the teacher and emphasize the road.

The story of "Snow at the Gate" comes from "Biography of Shi Yang in Song Dynasty": "I met Cheng Yi in Luo, when I was forty years old. One day I saw H, and I sat with Youzuo. By the time I felt it, the snow outside the door was already a foot deep. "

"Pear in Cheng Menxue" is about Shi Yang and You Zuo, scholars of the Song Dynasty, asking Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi for advice. Shi Yang and You Zuo studied under Cheng Hao. After Cheng Hao's death, both of them were forty years old and had been admitted to Jinshi. However, they will go to Cheng Yi to continue their studies. The story happened on the day when they first visited Cheng Yi in Songyang Academy.

According to legend, one day, Shi Yang and You Zuo came to Songyang Academy to visit Cheng Yi, and they happened to meet Mr. Cheng, who was taking a nap with his eyes closed. At this time, it began to snow outside. Eager to be a teacher, the two men stood aside respectfully and said nothing. After waiting for a long time, Cheng Yi slowly opened his eyes and saw You Zuo standing in front of him. He was startled and said, "Ah, ah! Are they still there? " At this time, the snow outside has accumulated more than a foot thick, and He Youzuo doesn't look tired and impatient.

This story, called "Cheng Menxue Pear", was widely circulated among scholars in the Song Dynasty. Later, people often used the idiom "Cheng Menxue Pear" to express that scholars should respect their teachers and study sincerely and firmly.