Common Grammar in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Common Grammar in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Introduction: Although Chinese as a second language teaching has developed into a specialized subject, it has gradually formed its own theoretical system, among which Chinese grammar is one of the subjects in Chinese. Now I want to introduce some common grammars in teaching Chinese as a foreign language to you. Welcome to refer to them!

1. The basic word order of Chinese is subject+predicate+object.

I study Chinese.

2. use? Really? 、? And then what? interrogative sentence

Will you go? | Where are you going?

3. Questions with interrogative pronouns

Who is he? | What book is this? | Where are you going? | How do you go?

4. Positive and negative questions

Are you from China? Are you from China?

Do you have a camera? Do you have a camera?

5. use? A or b choice problem

Do you drink coffee or beer? Are you going to the store or the bookstore?

Attention:? Or? And then what? Or? There is a difference. ;

On Sunday, I watch TV at home or (? Or) listen to music.

6. Attributive (used before nouns)

(1) indicates the affiliation. what's up ：

This is my book and that is his pen.

(2) It is unnecessary to explain the nature of people or things? what's up ：

He is a Chinese teacher. This is a Chinese document.

(3) description of kinship or unit is generally unnecessary? what's up ：

He's my dad. That's our school.

7. Adverbial (used before verbs/adjectives)

(1) adverbs as adverbials:

I often go to the store. | She's beautiful.

(2) Preposition phrases as adverbials:

I study in China. I'm from America. I learn Chinese from teacher China. |

I wrote him a letter. | You go forward. I told him about it.

(3) Disyllabic adjectives as adverbials, commonly used? Land? ：

He said happily, Today is my birthday? .

(4) Monosyllabic adjectives as adverbials are unnecessary? Land? ：

You go!

(5) Adjectives are preceded by adverbs of degree. Land? ：

He studies very hard.

8. Resultant complement (used after verbs to indicate the result of actions)

Form: verb+verb/adjective

(1) verb+verb (understand, see, complete, yes, arrive, give, succeed? ):

I see. I saw him. | The homework is finished. | The car is parked at the door.

(2) Verb+Adjective (Right, Wrong, Good and Clear):

You're right. | Dinner is ready. | I heard you clearly.

9. Simple directional complement

The verb +up, down, into, out, back, over, up/come, go has an object after the verb. What is directional complement? Come/go? Situation:

(1) The object is in the form of locative words: verb+locative words+come/go.

He will return to Beijing tomorrow. He walked into the library.

(2) The object is two forms of words:

Expression complete: verb+come/go+thing word

I borrowed a book. He took the pen.

Expression requirements: verb+thing word+come/go.

Pour the tea quickly!

10. Compound directional complement

Verbs +up/ up, down/ down, in/in, out/out, back/back, come/past, get up.

(1) Object is the form of locative words:? Come/go? At the end of the sentence

He walked into the classroom. He ran home.

(2) the object is the form of words:

In order to express completion, there are two forms of quantifiers before the object:

He took out a book. He took out a book. Said complete, no quantifier before the object:

He took out his book.

Indicates a request. Where is the object? Come/go? Before:

You take out the book!

1 1. Degree Complement

Form: adjective+polar/polar+polar/dead/broken/polar/multi.

he is filled with a wild ecstatic happiness. | I'm exhausted. | I'm starving.

12. Possible complement (used after verbs to express ability or possibility)

Form: verb+de/bu+result complement | directional complement

Presentation ability: I can understand this book, but he can't.

He can come back tomorrow, but I can't.

13. Modal complement

Form: verb+de+very/very/comparison+adjective

(1) Form without object after verb:

He runs very fast.

(2) The form of verb followed by object:

He learns Chinese very well. (Repetitive verb)

He learns Chinese very well. (Objection in advance)

He learns Chinese very well. (Objection in advance)

14. Time complement (used after verbs to indicate how long the action lasts)

Three forms of (1) persistent verbs:

I studied Chinese for a year. (Repetitive verb)

I studied Chinese for a year. (Verb+Time+Object)

I studied Chinese for a year. (Objection in advance)

(2) The forms of non-persistent verbs:

It has been a year since he left China. (verb+object+time)

(3) The object is in the form of personal pronouns:

I waited for him for ten minutes. (Repetitive verb)

I waited for him for ten minutes. (Verb+Personal Pronoun+Time)

(4) Adverbs or will verbs should be placed before repeated verbs:

I have only studied Chinese for one year. I will spend a year learning Chinese.

15. Momentum complement (used after verbs to indicate the number of actions)

Form: verb+momentum word (mainly? Time, time, time? )

(1) verb+verb+object:

I once saw a movie. He read the text once. |

(2) Verb+personal pronoun object+momentum word:

I looked for him three times yesterday.

16. Existential sentence

Form: locative words+verbs+nouns

(1) means there is a picture on the wall.

(2) appearance: a man came in front.

(3) Missing: A car drove away in the parking lot.

17. Dynamic particles? Is it?

Form: verb+le

Description:? Is it? After the verb, the action is completed (regardless of time):

I went to school after breakfast yesterday.

I have breakfast and go to school tomorrow. I usually go to school after breakfast.

18. Mood particles? 1?

Form:? Is it? At the end of the sentence. Description: indicates that something has happened:

Now he has gone to the bookstore to buy books. Did you go to the bookstore yesterday? (rhetorical question)

19. Mood particles? 2?

Form:? Is it? Interpretation at the end of the sentence: indicating change:

Spring has come and the weather is very warm.

He is a college student and can live independently.

20. Dynamic auxiliary words? Is it? +quantifier+modal particle? Is it?

Description: Indicates that the operation may or may not continue:

I have studied Chinese for a year, and I will study it for another year. (To be continued)

I have studied Chinese for a year, and I won't learn it again. (No further)

;