How high is the atmosphere?

The atmosphere is also called the atmosphere, and the earth is surrounded by this thick atmosphere. The main component of the atmosphere is nitrogen, accounting for 78. 1%. Oxygen accounts for 20.9%; Hydrogen accounts for 0.93%; There are also small amounts of carbon dioxide, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and water vapor. The air density of the atmosphere decreases with the increase of altitude. The higher it is, the thinner the air is. The thickness of the atmosphere is about 1000 km, but there is no obvious boundary. The whole atmosphere shows different characteristics with different heights, including troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and mesosphere, and then interstellar space.

The troposphere is at the bottom of the atmosphere, close to the earth's surface, and its thickness is about 10 to 20 kilometers. The atmosphere in the troposphere is greatly influenced by the earth. Clouds, fog, rain and other phenomena all occur in this layer, and almost all water vapor exists in this layer. The temperature of this layer decreases with the elevation, and the temperature drops by 5 ~ 6℃ per1000m.

Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, about 20 to 50 kilometers from the earth's surface. Stratospheric air is relatively stable and the atmosphere flows smoothly, so it is called stratosphere. There is little water vapor and dust in the stratosphere. Below 30 kilometers is the stratosphere, and the temperature is about -55℃.

Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere, about 50 to 85 kilometers from the earth's surface. The air here is already very thin, and the prominent feature is that the temperature drops rapidly with the increase of height, and the vertical convection of the air is strong.

Above the middle layer is the warm layer, which is about 100 to 800 kilometers away from the earth's surface. The most prominent feature of the warm layer is that when the sun shines, the ultraviolet rays in the sun are absorbed by the oxygen atoms in the layer, so the temperature rises, so it is called the warm layer.

The escape layer is above the warm layer and consists of charged particles.

The outer atmosphere, also known as the magnetosphere, is more than 500 kilometers above the ground. It is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and the transition zone from the atmosphere to interstellar space, and there is no obvious boundary outside. In general, the upper boundary is lower near the geomagnetic pole and higher on the sun side above the magnetic equator, which is about 9- 10 in radius of the earth, in other words, about 65,000 kilometers high. The air here is extremely thin.

In addition, there are two special layers, namely the ozone layer and the ionosphere. The ozone layer is 20 to 30 kilometers from the ground, actually between the troposphere and the stratosphere. This layer is mainly caused by the photochemical action of sunlight and ultraviolet rays, which makes oxygen molecules turn into ozone. The height from about 50 kilometers above the ground to about 1000 kilometers is called the ionosphere. Beautiful auroras appear in the ionosphere. Ionosphere is a kind of gas in the sky, which is irradiated by ultraviolet rays of sunlight and ionized into charged positive ions, negative ions and some free electrons. The ionosphere has a great influence on electromagnetic waves. We can realize the long-distance communication of electromagnetic waves by using the characteristic that the short wave of electromagnetic waves can be reflected back to the ground by the ionosphere. Fmy 189 1 comes from a knowledgeable person who likes to ask questions.

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