Problems caused by environmental pollution

Problems caused by environmental pollution

The problems caused by environmental pollution have always been highly valued by all countries. Due to the intensification of industrialization, environmental and ecological damage is becoming more and more serious. Let's share the problems caused by environmental pollution.

Problems caused by environmental pollution 1 Environmental pollution will directly damage and affect the ecosystem, such as desertification and forest destruction, and will also indirectly harm human society. Sometimes this indirect environmental impact is more harmful than the direct harm caused at that time, and it is more difficult to eliminate.

water pollution

Environmental pollution problems have appeared in different degrees all over the world, including atmospheric pollution, marine pollution and urban environmental problems with global influence. With the globalization of economy and trade, environmental pollution is becoming more and more international, and the problem of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is the outstanding performance in this respect.

The harm of air pollution

Harm to human health

People need to breathe air to keep alive. An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day and inhales 1.5 ~ 20 cubic meters of air. Therefore, polluted air has a direct impact on human health.

Air pollutants do harm to human body in many ways, such as respiratory system damage, physiological dysfunction, digestive system disorder, nervous system abnormality, mental decline, cancer, disability and so on. People call the smoke of this disaster "the smoke of killing people".

When the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is high, it will cause acute pollution poisoning, or aggravate the symptoms, and even kill thousands of people within a few days. In fact, even if the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is not high, breathing this polluted air all the year round will cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, lung cancer and other diseases.

Environmental pollution and cancer

A large number of research data show that environmental pollution is an extremely important cause of cancer, and it is an important part of comprehensive cancer prevention and control measures to take comprehensive measures to effectively control environmental pollution relying on the strength of the whole society.

Damage to plants

Air pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and fluoride, are very harmful to plants. When the concentration of pollutants is high, it will cause acute damage to plants, damage to the surface of plant leaves, or directly cause leaves to wither and fall off; When the concentration of pollutants is not high, it will cause chronic damage to plants, make the leaves of plants fade, or have no harmful symptoms on the surface, but the physiological functions of plants are affected, leading to the decline of plant yield and deterioration of quality.

Weather and climate effects

The influence of air pollutants on weather and climate is very significant, which can be explained from the following aspects:

(1) Reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground: A large number of smoke particles discharged into the atmosphere by factories, power stations, automobiles, household heating equipment, etc. make the air very turbid, which blocks the sunlight and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground.

white pollution

(2) Increase atmospheric precipitation: Many particles emitted by large industrial cities have the function of water vapor condensation nuclei.

③ Acid rain: Sometimes, the rain falling from the sky contains sulfuric acid. This kind of acid rain is the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant in the atmosphere, to form sulfuric acid, which falls with the precipitation in nature; Sulfuric acid rain can destroy large areas of forests and crops, corrode and destroy paper products, textiles and leather products, degrade metal antirust coatings and reduce their protective effects, and also corrode and pollute buildings.

(4) Raise the atmospheric temperature: Over large industrial cities, the air temperature near the ground is higher than that in the surrounding suburbs due to a large amount of waste heat discharged into the air. This phenomenon is called "heat island effect" in meteorology.

⑤ Impact on global climate: Since 20 10, people have gradually noticed the impact of air pollution on global climate change. After research, people think that carbon dioxide plays an important role in various air pollutants that may cause climate change. Carbon dioxide can absorb long-wave radiation on the ground and raise the air temperature near the ground, which is the so-called "greenhouse effect". Some experts believe that the increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere will melt the ice in the north and south poles in a few years, leading to global climate anomalies.

acid rain

When the pH value of precipitation is lower than 5.6, precipitation is acid rain. Sulfur dioxide emitted by coal combustion and nitrogen oxides emitted by motor vehicles are the main factors forming acid rain; Secondly, meteorological conditions and topographic conditions are also important factors affecting the formation of acid rain. Precipitation acidity ph value

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas. It mainly comes from incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels and cigarettes, followed by industrial production processes such as coking, steelmaking and ironmaking. Inhaled carbon monoxide is easy to combine with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood flow, leading to weakened consciousness, weakened central nervous system function and weakened cardiopulmonary respiratory function. The victim felt dizzy, headache, nausea, fatigue and even died in a coma.

China's Air Environmental Quality Standard stipulates that the daily average concentration of carbon monoxide in residential areas is less than 4.00 mg/m3.

fluoride

Refers to inorganic fluoride formed and existing in gaseous and granular form. Mainly from the production of fluorine-containing products, phosphate fertilizer plants, steel plants, aluminum smelters and other industrial production processes. Fluoride has a strong stimulating effect on eyes and respiratory organs. When high concentration fluoride gas is inhaled, it can cause pulmonary edema and bronchitis. Long-term inhalation of low-concentration fluoride gas will cause chronic poisoning and skeletal fluorosis, reduce calcium in bones, and lead to sclerosis and osteoporosis. China's Ambient Air Quality Standard stipulates that the average daily concentration in urban areas is 7 μ g/m3.

Lead and its compounds

Refers to lead and its compounds existing in total suspended particles. Mainly from the exhaust gas emitted by cars. After lead enters the human body, most of it can accumulate in human bones, damaging the hematopoietic system and nervous system of bones, and also damaging male gonads to a certain extent. The clinical symptoms are anemia, peripheral neuritis, abnormal movement and sensation. In China, urine lead is 80 micrograms per liter, and blood lead is less than 50 micrograms per milliliter.

Problems caused by environmental pollution air pollution

The atmospheric environment in China is facing a very severe situation, and the total amount of air pollutants discharged remains high. 20 1 1 year, the annual emission of sulfur dioxide in China is as high as18.57 million tons, dust1/kloc-0.59 million tons, industrial dust1/kloc-0.75 million tons, and the air pollution is still very serious.

The atmospheric environmental quality of most cities in China has exceeded the national standards. Among the 47 key cities in China, more than 70% of the cities' atmospheric environmental quality can't meet the second-class standard stipulated by the state. Among the 338 cities participating in environmental statistics, there are 137 cities whose air environmental quality exceeds the national third-class standards, accounting for 40% of the statistical cities, which are seriously polluted cities. Air pollution is the biggest environmental pollution problem in China.

water pollution

The pollution levels of the seven major water systems in China are: Liaohe River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, Pearl River and Yangtze River, among which 42% of the water quality exceeds Class III standard (can not be used as drinking water source), and 36% of the urban river sections in China are inferior to Class V water quality, which has no use value. The water quality of large freshwater lakes (reservoirs) and urban lakes is generally poor. The Yellow River has been cut off for many times, and more than 75% of the lakes are more eutrophic, which is mainly caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.

Garbage disposal

The annual output of industrial solid waste in China reaches 820 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate is about 46%. The annual output of municipal solid waste in China is 65.438+0.4 billion tons, of which less than 654.38+00% meets the requirements of harmless treatment. White pollution caused by plastic packaging and agricultural film has spread all over China.

Land desertification

Desertification land in China has occupied 27.3% of the total land area, and the desertification area is increasing at the rate of 2460 square kilometers per year. The severe sandstorm weather in China increased from 5 times in 1950s to 23 times in 1990s. Land desertification led to the forced migration of residents in some areas of Inner Mongolia.

Soil erosion

China lost more than 5 billion tons of soil and 40 million tons of standard chemical fertilizer (equivalent to the annual chemical fertilizer consumption in China). Since 1949, the total cultivated land destroyed by soil erosion in China has reached 40 million mu, which is a huge loss of agriculture in China.

Drought and flood

In 1950s, the average annual farmland affected by drought in China was 65.438+0.2 billion mu, which rose to 380 million mu in 1990s. The Yellow River was cut off for the first time in 1972, and it has been cut off every year since then. In 1985, the number of cut-off days reached 227 days. According to the investigation, experts speculate that the drought in China will continue in the next 15 years, but the frequency of floods in the Yangtze River basin will increase significantly. In the past 500 years, there have been 53 major floods in the Yangtze River basin, but in the past 50 years, there has been a major flood every three years, and the 1998 flood has caused huge economic losses.

Biological destruction

China is a country whose biodiversity has been seriously damaged. There are 4000-5000 endangered species in higher plants, accounting for 15%-20% of the total species in China, which is higher than the world average 10%- 15%. Among the 640 world endangered species listed in the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, China has 156 species, accounting for about14 of the total. The phenomenon of indiscriminate hunting and indiscriminate killing of wild animals and large-scale predation of wild animals in China is still very serious and has been repeatedly banned.

World Trade Organization

China's entry into WTO will face two new environmental problems. On the one hand, it is the international "green trade barrier". Because China's environmental protection standards are generally lower than those of developed countries, China's products in food, electromechanical, textile, leather, ceramics, tobacco, toys, shoes and other industries will be restricted in export trade.

On the other hand, the huge demand for China's minerals, stones, medicinal plants, agricultural products and livestock products in the international market may aggravate the destruction of China's ecology, environment and natural resources. At the same time, China may become a place where foreign pollution-intensive enterprises transfer and a large number of foreign industrial wastes are "processed with materials", which will greatly aggravate the environmental problems in China.

Three Gorges area

The Three Gorges Project is a large-scale water conservancy project being implemented in China, and it is planned to start generating electricity in 2003. The impact of the Three Gorges Project on the geological environment, water resources environment and ecological environment (involving both sides of the reservoir area and the whole upstream area) and how to effectively prevent and control the pollution in the reservoir area are major issues faced by the builders of the Three Gorges Project, which has become an environmental problem attracting worldwide attention. In the Yangtze River, there are fewer and fewer fish, and a large number of wild aquatic animals die.

Persistent pollution

With the development of China's economy, persistent organic pollutants that are difficult to degrade begin to appear. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants has been signed internationally. Most of the first batch of 12 persistent organic pollutants banned are detected in China's environmental media, and China is a signatory to the Convention.

This kind of organic pollutants have the characteristics of being passed on to the next generation, and its harm will not appear until many years later. Also called "environmental hormone" or "environmental hormone", it is very harmful. This organic pollutant widely exists in chemicals used in industry, agriculture and urban construction.

Our government is deeply aware of the grim situation facing environmental protection and is taking various measures to resolutely declare war on environmental pollution! From a macro perspective, the government is actively deepening reforms and promoting economic transformation and upgrading. Instead of focusing on "heroes only by GDP", it is paying more attention to the efficiency of development and the quality of people's lives.

However, pollution control is not only the responsibility of the government, but also the responsibility of enterprises and citizens. Enterprises should strengthen energy conservation, emission reduction and technological transformation. Technological innovation is not only conducive to the prevention and control of pollution, but also can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of enterprises. Citizens' awareness of environmental protection also needs to be completely changed, such as taking public transport as much as possible, setting off fewer fireworks and firecrackers on holidays, and even turning off lights and saving water. Everyone is an actor and promoter of eliminating smog weather with practical actions.

Problems caused by environmental pollution 3. Suggestions and countermeasures to prevent and solve indoor environmental pollution;

1, improve local laws and regulations and straighten out management relations. Seeking and developing pollution-free, pollution-free, sustainable and healthy green indoor environment should be the main goal of Jiangsu's future environmental construction and development. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a long-term plan and improve the legal system, standardize the production, operation and management of home improvement materials, and make them embark on a pollution-free track as soon as possible.

2, improve the quality monitoring system of building materials and decorative materials products, strengthen law enforcement.

3, urban construction and health departments should increase publicity and popularization, to help the masses consciously establish environmental awareness of green decoration. We should increase investment in science and technology, organize scientific research, teaching, promotion and production departments to strengthen the product development of pollution-free green building decoration materials.

Do a good job in producer training, improve the quality of production and sales personnel, and let more people know the negative impact of indoor environmental pollution on society. Regularly increase the publicity of newspapers, television and advertisements. It is suggested that green decoration, environmental protection building materials and safety education should be included in the curriculum system of primary and secondary schools to improve the awareness of anti-virus and pollution prevention of relevant families.

4, actively promote and support the production and operation of pollution-free building materials and pollution-free decorative materials. Strengthen market supervision and management, popularize market access system, crack down on counterfeiting, maintain market order, and realize the enthusiasm of producers and operators to protect high quality and good price.

5. Strengthen the environmental inspection of public buildings and houses. Newly-built buildings, office buildings, residential buildings, hospitals and schools whose indoor environment is not up to standard shall not be accepted, and the indoor environment grade must be included in the important basis for rating star-rated buildings and kindergartens. After acceptance, the relevant functional departments and testing departments will issue green decoration signs.

6. Interior decoration shall be made of high quality, healthy and environmentally friendly materials that meet national standards. Generally speaking, artificial boards are the most likely to cause indoor pollution, so try to choose log building materials and furniture when conditions permit.

People often think that modern living conditions are constantly improving and indoor environmental pollution has been controlled. In fact, people's understanding of the harm of indoor environmental pollution is not deep enough. These indoor pollution prevention and control policies still need to be popularized.