What is the relationship between crops and climate?

The growth and development of crops depend on climate resources and are influenced and restricted by climate. Favorable meteorological conditions can promote growth and development. On the contrary, unfavorable meteorological conditions will delay growth and development. The annual abundance of various crops depends largely on the comprehensive influence of meteorological conditions. The annual variation of main factors such as light, heat and precipitation, cold and warm conditions, drought, flood and humidity, and the suitability of related meteorological factors are important meteorological factors affecting crop yield and quality composition.

If rice is a thermophilic crop, the average temperature during sowing period should be stable at 10- 12℃, and of course there should be enough water; The total panicle number per unit area is related to the temperature and sunshine at the peak of greening and tillering. The differentiation of young panicles to heading and flowering stage is related to the total number of grains per panicle, of course, sometimes relatively low temperature is beneficial to the formation of large panicles; Heading and flowering period are related to seed setting rate. When the average temperature of the day is lower than 22 ~ 23℃ or 20℃ for three or more consecutive days, the seed setting rate of hybrid rice, indica rice or japonica rice will be significantly reduced, and when the highest temperature is higher than 35℃ for three or more consecutive days, the seed setting rate will be significantly reduced. The filling period is related to the 1000-grain weight. Too high temperature will lead to "high temperature ripening", and too low grouting will lead to the decrease of 1000-grain weight.

China is a big agricultural country, which is obviously influenced by monsoon and continental climate. Due to the influence of monsoon circulation, the southeast, south and southwest monsoons prevail in summer, carrying hot and humid airflow to the north and northwest, resulting in wet and rainy weather and climate, which provides abundant heat, water and light resources for agricultural production. In winter, the northwest, north and northeast monsoons prevail, which are cold and dry, limiting agricultural production activities in winter. In this way, crops in the north will have a hibernation period, and crops that like cold can be planted in most parts of the south in winter, and occasionally there will be low temperature freezing damage. The area affected by the southeast monsoon has four distinct seasons, and the area affected by the southwest monsoon has obvious dry and wet seasons. Monsoon climate constitutes a planting system in which agricultural production is mostly concentrated in warm seasons, or warm and cold crops are matched with each other due to seasonal changes. Because of the difference in the temporal and spatial distribution of heat, humidity and light, agricultural production has obvious regional characteristics. The southeast monsoon region is dominated by planting or aquaculture, taking into account the feeding of poultry and livestock; The arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China are dominated by animal husbandry and dry farming or irrigated agriculture. The difference of monsoon activity range, advance and retreat, influence time and degree makes the heat and precipitation very different, and there are obvious regional differences in agricultural types, crop types, maturity, farming systems, industrial structure and so on. Generally speaking, the continental climate weakens from north to south, the diurnal range and annual range decrease from big to small, the multi-directional light hours in summer decrease, and the protein and sugar content of some crop products decrease from north to south, thus forming regional differences in quality.