Reading comprehension: the real reason of desert desolation

Desert is one of the most desolate areas on earth. Why is the desert so desolate? According to our consistent understanding, desert areas lack water for life, so few life can survive in those areas. Recently, researchers at Cornell University in the United States found that many desert areas are not too dry to grow plants, but lack fertility, because desert soil lacks nitrogen on which plants depend. Moreover, it is worrying that with the continuous warming of the climate, the poor nitrogen content in the soil in desert areas will be continuously volatilized and lost in the form of gas, resulting in fewer and fewer plants growing in the desert.

② The researchers chose several experimental sites in the Mojave desert area of the United States to understand how nitrogen in soil changes with the rise and fall of temperature through precision measuring instruments. It is found that when the soil temperature reaches 40℃ to 50℃, nitrogen in the soil will be released from the soil quickly in the form of gas, regardless of whether the sun shines on the desert or not. In the desert, the surface temperature can easily reach above 40℃. The researchers also found that the higher the surface temperature, the faster the release of nitrogen in desert soil. Therefore, with the intensification of global warming, the desert temperature and surface temperature will be higher and higher, the nitrogen in the soil will be less and less, and the desert will become more and more desolate and barren.

The researchers also said that similar situations may occur in any hot and dry place in the world except desert areas. In recent years, the phenomenon that has caused headaches for agricultural and forestry researchers has also found the reason. They planted experimental fields in arid areas. Although sufficient water and fertilizer were ensured, the yield of the land was still unsatisfactory.

④ Nitrogen in arid areas not only sneaks away from the soil secretly, but also is difficult to return to the soil. In temperate regions, the circulation of nitrogen in soil and atmosphere is balanced, although some nitrogen in local soil will also flow to the atmosphere through decomposition or plant harvesting; However, in thunderstorm days, nitrogen in the air will become nitrogen fertilizer and return to the soil under the action of lightning. In arid areas, there are few thunderstorms, so little nitrogen flows back to the land. Because the loss of nitrogen in arid areas is irreversible, no matter how much money we spend, such as applying nitrogen fertilizer for free, it is impossible to turn the desert into an oasis. Unless, we can reduce the temperature and surface temperature in desert areas.

⑤ Today, if the development trend of climate warming cannot be effectively curbed, there will be less and less sporadic green representing the future hope of the desert, and the expansion of the desert will become aggressive and unscrupulous until it is completely extinct. Such a desperate future is not what we want to see!

Question 1: What does the article think is the real reason why the desert is barren? What is the basis of this conclusion in this paper? (4 points)

Question 2: What does the "headache phenomenon" in the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean? Please summarize it briefly. (2 points)

Question 3: What explanation method does the author mainly use in the second paragraph? What's the role? (3 points)

Question 4: What are the linguistic features of the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph? Please analyze it. (3 points)

Question 5: "Climate warming" has become a hot topic of global concern. As small citizens of the earth, we have the responsibility and obligation to awaken everyone's awareness of protection. Please combine the author's thoughts and feelings with his own reading experience to write a few suggestions for this hot issue. (3 points)