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Black whale: Body size: 2. 1-2.4m at birth, 8.5 (female) -9.8m (male) in adulthood, and weighing 7500- 1 10,000 kg.

Morphological characteristics: the dorsal fin is obviously tall (female 0.9 m sickle, male 1.8 m triangle), and the kiss is blunt and short, which is not obvious. The pectoral fin is large and oval, and the male body length can often reach two meters. The contrast between black and white is one of the most recognizable features. It is mainly black, but it is white under the caudal fin of the eyes, on both sides of the genitals and on the abdomen. There are gray spots on the back of dorsal fin. There are 10- 12 jaws on both sides, which are large and curved inward.

Natural History: According to textual research, there are two kinds of killer whales on the east coast of the North Pacific from Washington State to Alaska, one is resident and the other is transitional. Their ecology, body color and appearance are different. Residents near the US-Canada border mainly eat fish, while transitional people eat marine mammals. Its social structure is very stable, and it is the most stable person except human beings. Individuals can stay in the birth group all their lives. There are males and females, young whales and so on. Each group has its own dialect, which can be recognized. Each group can have 1-55 whales. Generally, the resident group is larger than the transitional group.

Distribution: In the world, there are some records of entering Danshui River, but most of them are found in the coastal waters of cold water areas.

Confusion: This species is large, with special black-and-white patterns, and easy to identify, but in the distance, a group of killer whales without towering dorsal fins of male individuals may be similar to patterned dolphins and pseudo-killer whales. ● Top gray whale

Gray whale is considered as the oldest whale in the world. It has existed on the earth for millions of years and feeds on baleen whales, so it belongs to the baleen whale family.

Morphological characteristics: Adult gray whales have an average length of 12- 15m, an average weight of 30-40 metric tons, a blubber thickness of 15-25cm, a V-shaped head, a slightly arched head, and a variegated gray body with many barnacles and whale lice parasitic on it. The pectoral fin is small, paddle-shaped and sharp at the end.

Natural history: every year, gray whales migrate northward to the polar feeding area in April-165438+10, and migrate southward to the breeding area in June-February-April, mainly living in shallow waters or lagoons; Adult whales reach sexual maturity at about 5- 1 1 year. After mating in the breeding area, the pregnant female whale will return to the breeding area to give birth to a single gray whale after 12- 13 months of pregnancy. The peak breeding season is February-March, and the newborn whales are dark gray with no barnacles or whales. At birth, he weighed 500- 1000 Jin and was about 4-5 meters long. Because the fat content in the mother's milk is 55%, the young whale grows very fast at birth. According to the feeding condition, the young whale can grow half an inch (about1.5cm) every day and gain 25-50kg. The lactation period of gray whales is about 9 months. (Figure Mother and Child)

Behavior: Gray whales swim slowly, about 4-9 km/h, but they have very active behaviors, such as floating peep: Gray whales often raise their heads vertically above the water and peep around for more than 30 seconds. It is generally believed that gray whales observe curious things through this action. When in shallow water, gray whales simply put their tail fins on the bottom of the sea.

Whale tail beating waves: Gray whales raise their tails and beat the water, which is a social behavior. Male whales do the same thing when courting. Jump and surf: the gray whale will jump, spin and fall back into the water when it is about 3/4 away from the water, and splash a lot when it enters the water; Gray whales will do this action repeatedly in their living environment, usually jumping 2-3 times in a row, but there has been a record of jumping 20 times in a row.

Gray whales like surfing in shallow waters, sometimes swimming sideways on the sea, which is very leisurely; In deep diving, the whale's tail will be raised, but not in shallow swimming. Before diving for a long time, it will first surface 15-30 seconds and spray continuously for 3-6 times. When diving, the jet column can reach 3-4.5 meters, and its shape is heart-shaped or V-shaped. The feeding mode is benthic amphipods as the main food. Gray whales will sweep the bottom of the sea with the right side of their heads and bodies (some will use the left side), sweep up the benthic crustaceans deposited on the bottom of the sea and suck them away, and then filter the water and sludge from the baleen whales through their tongues, so the right baleen whales of gray whales are shorter and more seriously damaged.

Distribution and migration: Gray whales were originally distributed in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic, but in the North Atlantic, they became extinct in 17 and 18 centuries due to human whaling activities. There are currently two ethnic groups in the North Pacific. One is the east coast ethnic group: the migration route is from the breeding area in the southern California Peninsula in Mexico to the feeding areas in the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and West Beaufort Sea in Alaska; 1. West Coast Ethnic Group: The main migration route observed at present is from the Sea of Korea to Siberia. According to this ethnic group, it is also facing the fate of extinction. Fishermen in fishing ports such as Taitung and Hualien in Dongtai Bay Province also seem to have found traces of gray whales. Whether there are gray whales in Taiwan Province Province needs further confirmation.

Renew friendship: After the commercial whaling disaster in the early 20th century, the number of whales and dolphins decreased sharply. Through various media reports, people began to be alert to this crisis and gradually understood the importance of animal protection and ecological balance, so many actions and organizations to save cetaceans came into being, and many people joined the ranks of rebuilding the bridge between cetaceans and humans.

Successful Conservation Case-Grey Whales According to previous records and reports, grey whales once spread all over the world, but now only two groups have been confirmed: one on the west coast of the North Pacific and the other on the east coast of the North Pacific. /kloc-in the mid-1970 s, commercial whaling was rampant, which led to a sharp decline in the number of Pacific gray whales in North America and was on the verge of extinction. With the great concern of the public and biologists, the United States passed the Law on the Protection of Marine Mammals on 1972, and put the gray whale on the protection list. Soon, with the joint efforts of human beings, the number of gray whales increased. Today, there are about 25,000 gray whales on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean, and it is possible to return to the peak number!

1in March, 973, the first large baleen whale domesticated in the world, the young grey whale named Gigi, was sent back to the sea and returned to its original colony after recovery; Gigi was very young when he was arrested. He was only 2,000 kilograms when he was sent to SeaWorld in San Diego, California for domestication. But Gigi is growing fast. A day is 1.5 cm long and 50 kg long, which is quite amazing. Three months later, Gigi grew to 8.5 meters and could not hold it in a 7,000-kilogram pond, so he had to send it back to the sea. This is the first time that humans have safely released whales into the sea without hurting them.

1988 10, saved three gray whales trapped in the Bering Strait in Alaska, unforgettable! At that time, due to the cold weather, the sea was prone to thick ice, and three gray whales were busy eating, not noticing that they had been isolated from the sea by thick ice. As the temperature drops, more and more seawater turns into thick ice, which almost completely closes them, and the situation is very critical. Until the local Eskimos found them, they called other villagers to work together to break the ice layer and let the gray whales poke their heads out to breathe. They used a water cycle to pump water day and night to prevent the sea from freezing again, but failed to save the sea. Through news reports, enthusiastic people from all over the country have joined the rescue team. 10 On June 28th, a huge icebreaker arrived. At this time, the gray whale was tired. Unfortunately, the smallest one died on June 26, 5438+00, and the rescue operation had to be accelerated. The last one was transported by icebreaker on June 28th 10. This is an unprecedented global victory to save whales!

● Top pygmy sperm whale Kogia simus Owen, 1866 from Latin simus. "Flat nose" means 1 meter, 2.7 meters for adults, and weighs 2 10 kg.

Type and characteristics: it looks like a small sperm whale, slightly smaller, with a gray back and a white belly, and branchial fissure on the head side. The dorsal fin is larger in height and base (more than 5% of the body length), sickle-shaped, with its tip bent backward and located in the middle back. There are several short and irregular folds under the throat. There are 7- 12 pairs of mandibular teeth (even 13 pairs), and 3 pairs of degenerated upper teeth are occasionally seen.

Natural History: Usually the number of dough heads is less than 10. Shy and inactive, when frightened, she will immediately excrete beautiful feces and abscond. Sexual maturity occurs when the body length is 2. 1-2.2 meters, and the growth period is 5-6 months. The main reason for eating food is that I occasionally eat small fish and crustaceans. According to the analysis of stomach contents, they can dive below 300 meters. Distribution: limited to temperate and tropical seas.

Confusion: Because the dorsal fin is high, sickle-shaped and located in the middle back, it is easy to be confused with other dolphins from a distance. Because of its blunt head and iron gray back, it is easy to be confused with killer whales and melon whales, but the latter two often form large groups and swim faster.