The low crop yield is all caused by the weather?

With the continuous circulation of land, there are more and more large growers and family farms, and more young people begin to invest in rural areas and agriculture. Then in recent years, the overall income of farmers' friends is not good, which leads to many farmers' friends losing money. Through the communication with farmers' friends, it is found that there are many factors that lead to the low yield of rice, wheat and corn, but many farmers' friends are more concerned about which factor. Do not pay attention to the prevention and control management of the whole system. I summed up the main factors through analysis as follows:

The potential of seeds accounts for 30% of the total output.

No matter what crops are planted, the yield-increasing potential and stress-resisting ability of common seeds depend on whether we can achieve high and stable yield. Therefore, when selecting seeds, we should pay attention to selecting high-quality seeds, such as hybrid rice. Generally, stable yield performance should be considered first, including disease resistance, lodging resistance, tillering ability and the quality of mature fruits. Secondly, we should pay attention to the key indicators of rice high yield: the formation of rice yield is composed of three factors: the number of panicles, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of dry grains on a standard acre of 667 square meters. So: Theoretically, yield = effective panicles * average grains per panicle * 1000-grain weight. At this time, when we choose varieties, we should choose varieties with strong tillering ability, high seed setting rate and high dry grain weight, and then do the corresponding management to achieve high yield! These indicators are generally marked on the outer packaging bags of rice varieties. Suggested choice: the seeds of these large enterprises in Longping, Hunan. Have their own scientific research and breeding base.

Diseases, pests and weeds account for 15% of the total output.

For any kind of crops, farmers usually pay more attention to the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds in high-yield planting, but from my field, diseases, pests and weeds in crops are one of the main factors affecting our output. Due to the characteristics of many kinds of diseases, pests and weeds, high resistance and frequent outbreaks, if farmers' consciousness can't keep up, the yield and quality of crops will decline. Then the common pests and diseases in our crops mainly include:

Pests:

Insects: rice planthopper, aphid, Bemisia tabaci, thrips, red spider (recommended pesticide: nitenpyram+pymetrozine series, recommended by red spider: abamectin+pyridaben)

Big bugs: Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera exigua, Asian corn borer (recommended amides: tetrachloroacetamide, chlorantraniliprole).

Underground pests: cutworms, grubs, needle worms, and crickets (recommended chemicals: spraying chlorpyrifos granules, or using imidacloprid and other seed coating agents for seed coating).

Disease:

Leaf diseases: rust, powdery mildew, rice blast and leaf spot (recommended chemicals: triazole, methoxyacrylate).

Ear diseases: false smut, ear neck blast, scab, head smut (recommended agent: triazole mixed with methoxyacrylate, it is not recommended to use a single pesticide for control).

Rod-shaped diseases: sheath blight and basal rot (recommended agent: recommended agent: triazole combined with methoxyacrylate)

Root diseases: take-all disease and root rot (seed coating agent containing thiabendazole, benomyl and fludioxonil is selected for seed dressing).

Grassland damage:

Gramineae in paddy field: barnyard grass, Euphorbia fischeriana, crabgrass and Saxifraga (recommended agent: barnyard grass can be compounded with pentafluorosulfonamide, and crabgrass can be compounded with oxazolidone). Broadleaf grass in paddy field: Hedyotis diffusa, bamboo leaves and Alisma orientalis (recommended agent: compound agent containing dimethyl carbon tetrachloride can be selected).

Gramineae in wheat field: Leymus chinensis, Leymus chinensis, Poa pratensis and Aegilops tauschii (selected chemicals containing metsulfuron for compound use). Broad-leaved grass in wheat field: Veronica trifoliata, Stellaria stellata and Descurainia sophia (recommended agent: compound agent containing carbon tetrachloride, flupironic acid and fomesafen can be selected).

lack nutrition

Farmers' friends are easy to enter a misunderstanding in the process of planting. They think that knowing enough nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can get good yield, so they don't pay attention to the application of medium and trace elements, which leads to the change of soil structure and low yield. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has issued an action plan of zero growth in fertilizer use by 2020. Fertilizer is the "food" for the growth of our crops, but there are many misunderstandings in the use of fertilizer at present. Excessive application of a large number of large fertilizers, blind application of large fertilizers and repeated application lead to changes in soil nutrient structure and nutrient deficiency, and at the same time bring many hazards: fertilizer residue, soil hardening, pH imbalance, environmental pollution, nutritional imbalance and so on. At this time, there is an urgent need to improve fertilization methods, and a product is needed to make up for and improve the shortage of large chemical fertilizers, which will eventually lead to physiological diseases of crops, low yield and poor stress resistance, so the application of small and medium chemical fertilizers in production can achieve the effect of increasing income and reducing costs!

At present, we are faced with too much nitrogen fertilizer, too little potassium fertilizer and lack of medium and trace elements in wheat and rice planting. The compound fertilizer or formula fertilizer we use now does not contain medium and trace elements. Pay attention to the content of trace elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, silicon, chlorine) when choosing small chemical fertilizers, which contain almost no nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, depending on small chemical fertilizers.

The influence of the weather

With the normalization of extreme weather, meteorological disasters such as high temperature, drought, low temperature, poor light and flood still have great influence on crops, so the "cold spring" in wheat seedling stage, "dry hot wind" in grain filling stage and "cold dew wind" in middle and late rice stage still have great influence, so we should take precautions in advance according to the weather conditions.

1, the effect of late spring cold on early spring wheat?

Due to the rapid rise of temperature in spring, wheat entered the stage of rapid tillering and turning green and jointing, especially in the wheat area south of Huaihe River in Anhui Province. Because wheat began to tiller at 2 ~ 4℃, the optimum temperature was 13 ~ 18℃, and the late spring cold inhibited the tillering, growth and differentiation of wheat. From the field in recent years; Wheat is affected by "late spring cold" at tillering stage, and white flowers will appear as dry as plants after scalding with boiling water. Wheat meets "late spring cold" in the rising period, which will cause new leaves and main stems to freeze, twist and dry! It may eventually lead to a 20-30% reduction in wheat production! Severe cases may lead to a reduction of production by more than 50%!

2. The problem of cold dew wind

Cold dew wind appears at different times every year. In fact, many farmers will say, if there is no cold dew, how can there be cold dew? Then the cold dew wind is mainly around the cold dew wind for a while. If the temperature continues for 2-3 days and the average daily temperature is below 22-24 degrees, a cold dew wind will form. Because this period of time just happened to meet the key period of heading/flowering/filling of japonica rice south of Huaihe River, once it was exposed to the continuous low temperature hazard, it would cause empty shells, shriveled grains and reduced production.

How to deal with the influence of "late spring cold" on early spring wheat?

Pay close attention to the weather and agricultural information of plant protection station in time, spray 920 in time when cold dew wind appears, reduce the occurrence of rice neck entanglement, promote early flowering and filling of rice, shorten heading and filling time, and avoid the harm of cold dew wind, but 75% 920 should not be used excessively. According to the situation of rice in the field, it is most suitable to use 0.5 g-1 g per mu! (Dilute 920 crystal with alcohol or wine first, then add water to dilute it)

2. Fertilizer and water management

If it doesn't rain in the fields north of Huaihe River, water and fertilize it in time, and if it rains continuously in early spring south of Huaihe River, fertilize it in time to promote seedlings to reduce the degree of freezing injury. Seize the opportunity to replenish green manure in time to promote effective tillering when it rains! Improve wheat immunity! (10- 15 kg urea/mu), it is suggested that farmers should not sow chemical fertilizer in the field before or when it rains, and the utilization rate of fertilization is the highest after the rain stops! The cold dew wind needs to spread fertilizer and pour 6-8 cm of water to keep the rice warm.

3, foliar spraying

For the field after fertilization, combined with the prevention and control of wheat diseases and insect pests, regulators represented by amino acids and biological stimulants are added. Enhance the immunity of wheat and increase the thickness of wheat leaves. At the same time, for the field that has happened, it can alleviate the recovery and growth of wheat freeze-damaged cells.

Management error

There are many reasons for the low yield of farmers' friends in the planting process, such as poor management, untimely management, and many farmers' friends don't often go to the fields, so they don't know clearly about the occurrence of diseases, weeds and pests in their crops. I mainly summarize the following points:

Many farmers' friends don't go to the fields to follow the trend and fight drugs. When they see others fighting drugs, they fight drugs. Often our planting structure is different, and the growth period is different, so the period of controlling diseases, pests and weeds is different. Therefore, you can only go to the field to observe and control according to your actual situation in the field, and you must not follow the trend.

For many diseases, pests and weeds, one-time control often fails to achieve the ideal effect, because the drug resistance of weeds and pests is increasing. Many farmers think that one-time application can solve the problem, so they don't go to the field for observation after application. This is the key to the mistake. Regardless of diseases, pests and weeds, we should go to the field to observe the effect after the first prevention and control, and at the same time better observe the effect and period of the second prevention and control.

Unreasonable choice of chemicals

In the process of pest control, due to the change of external environment and the enhancement of pest resistance, when we choose pesticides, many farmers only pay attention to the price, ignoring the effect and the added value brought by pesticides, which eventually leads to poor control effect, decreased output and the emergence of phytotoxicity. Then when we prevent and control diseases, pests and weeds, we must use chemicals reasonably, and the effect is better. Do not use a single drug. Synergy is really important.

Insufficient water for pesticide application

At present, the biggest headache for farmers' friends is that they have the money to buy medicine and are unable to fetch water. Whenever the control season ends, many farmers' friends report that the control effect is not good. In fact, the main reason is that we don't use enough water when taking medicine. When we are short of water, it is difficult for liquid medicine to enter the gap of wheat glume. Even if we choose the best medicine, we can't achieve good results! Including the shortage of anti-flying water, you must add efficient additives to achieve high efficiency!

It is suggested that farmers add vegetable oil synergist (Pamir) when applying pesticide, which can better increase absorption! Better improve the curative effect! Remember to use 2 barrels per acre.

Author: Zhu