Landscape Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties and Poet's Poetic Background

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.

The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.

This is the fourth of Wang Wei's twenty poems, a masterpiece of landscape poetry in his later period. Chai Lu (Village) is the place name of Wangchuan.

This poem depicts the quiet scenery of empty mountains and deep forests near Chai Lu in the evening. The first sentence, "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain", first describes the empty mountain positively. Wang Wei seems to like to use the word "empty mountain" especially, but in different poems, the realm it expresses is different. After the rain, the mountains are empty, and the autumn colors stand at dusk ("Mountain in Autumn Night") focuses on the clean autumn mountains after the rain: "People are idle and sweet-scented osmanthus falls, and the night sky in spring mountains" ("Bird Watching Creek") focuses on the quiet spring mountains at night; There seems to be no one on the empty mountain. On the other hand, it focuses on the emptiness and tranquility of the mountain. Because no one went to see it, this vacuum-free mountain seemed empty to the poet, just like the earth in ancient times. "Seeing no one" embodies the meaning of "empty mountain".

If you only look at the first sentence, you may feel normal, but it is unexpected that "there seems to be no one on the empty mountain" is followed by "but I think I heard a voice" The word "but smell" is quite interesting. Under normal circumstances, although the silent empty mountain "does not see people", it is not silent. The chirping of birds, the chirping of insects, the rustling of the wind and the gurgling of water are intertwined, and the sounds of nature are actually very colorful. Now, however, all this is silent, except for occasional sounds, but no one is there (because the mountains are deep and the forests are dense). This "human voice" seems to break the "silence" In fact, it is a partial and temporary "ring", which reflects the overall and long-term emptiness. The more empty the valley, the more empty it is; The more people talk in an empty mountain, the lonelier they are. After the voice sounded, the empty mountain returned to the realm of silence; And because people's voices sounded just now, the sense of emptiness at this time is more prominent.

Describe the empty mountains from the above three or four sentences and then describe the deep mountains and forests, from sound to color. The depths of the forest are already dark, and the moss under the trees in the forest highlights the lack of sunshine in the depths of the forest. Although silence and darkness are related to hearing and vision respectively, they often belong to the same category in people's general impression, so silence and tranquility are often linked. According to Nature, when writing about the darkness in the deep forest, we should focus on describing that it can't see the sun, but these two sentences are specially written into the deep forest and reflected on the moss. At first glance, you will feel that this oblique glow brings a ray of light to the dark forest, a little warmth to the moss in the forest, or a little business to the whole forest. However, if you appreciate it carefully, you will feel that the author's subjective intention and the objective effect of the work are just the opposite. Blind darkness sometimes makes people unaware of its darkness, but when a touch of afterglow shines into the dark forest, mottled tree shadows are reflected on the moss under the tree, and the sharp contrast between that small piece of light and shadow and the boundless darkness makes the darkness in the forest more prominent. In particular, this kind of "dead light" is not only weak, but also short-lived. After a touch of afterglow disappears in an instant, it is followed by a long darkness. If we say a word or two, there is a sound contrast between silence and silence; Then three or four sentences are about fighting darkness with light. The whole poem is like adding a little warm color to most cool pictures, which makes the impression of cool color more prominent.

Static beauty and magnificence are two types of beauty in nature, and there is no distinction between elegance and lightness. However, the quietness is almost ethereal, and the seclusion is slightly cold, which shows the unhealthy side of the author's aesthetic taste. Similarly, the writing about "empty mountain" also focuses on the expression of quiet beauty. Autumn Night in a Mountain is brightly colored, and there is a peaceful and quiet atmosphere floating in the quiet tone, which contains lively vitality; Although Bird Song Jian describes the tranquility of Spring Mountain, the overall artistic conception is not deserted and ethereal. The clear glow of the moon, the fragrance of osmanthus and the singing of mountain birds all have the breath of spring and the tranquility of the night. However, Chai Lu is inevitably cold and empty, although it is not lonely.

Wang Wei is a poet, painter and musician. This poem embodies the combination of poetry, painting and music. Silent, dark and dark, it is easy for ordinary people to perceive; But silence with sound and darkness with light are less noticed. It is precisely because the poet's unique painter and musician are sensitive to color and sound that he grasped the unique quiet realm at the moment when the voice of the empty mountain man sounded and the deep forest saw the light again. This sensitivity is inseparable from his careful observation and concentration on nature.

Duhanjiang River

Song Wenzhi

The south, who was exiled to Lingnan, cut off contact with relatives, survived the winter and experienced a new year.

The closer I get to my hometown, the more timid I am, afraid to inquire about people from home.

This is a poem written by Song Conglong when he fled from Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) and passed through the Hanshui River (referring to a section of Hanshui River near Xiangyang).

The first two sentences trace back to the relegation of Lingnan. It's hard enough to denounce the wilderness, not to mention breaking up with your family and knowing each other's lives and deaths. What's more, this case has passed for a long time. The author has no three meanings: the separation of parallel space, the cut-off of audio books, and the long time. Instead, it was presented step by step, which strengthened and deepened his loneliness and depressed feelings during his exile, as well as his yearning for his hometown and relatives. The words "broken" and "complex" seem indifferent, but in fact they are very intentional. The isolated situation of the author when he was trapped in the relegation room, the life scene of losing any spiritual comfort, and the unbearable mental pain are all vivid and tangible. These two sentences are straightforward, easy to accept, nothing surprising, and often easy for readers to let go. In fact, its position and role in the whole article is very important. With this background, the next two excellent lyrics have a root.