Answers to Reading the Biography of Zhou Weicheng in Classical Chinese

1. The original text and translation of the Classical Chinese Biography of Zhou Weicheng

Biography of Zhou Weicheng (Qing Dynasty) In the first year of Jiaqing, Zhang Huiyan traveled to Fuyang and was the magistrate of Yunhou (Hou: used in ancient times as a term between scholar-bureaucrats) (honorable title) asked Yu to compile the county annals, but before the draft was completed, Yun Hou was transferred and Yu went to Fuyang.

Fuyang Gao Fu Zhan was a gentleman. He was a person who had a lot of experience in talking about Zhou Weicheng, so he passed it on and used it as a guide for future generations. Zhou Feng, whose courtesy name was Weicheng, was originally from Shaoxing and moved to Hangzhou. He was a Jia for a long time and was rich.

My father called Chongzhang, and his home was destroyed by fire, so he lived in Fuyang. Chongzhang, a son of a rich family, suddenly became poor, depressed and bored (boredom: bored because of mental emptiness), Yi Xiechi ① did not care about production (production: still living), so he was in great poverty and sought death in Fuyang.

When Feng was a child, it was cold and his father came home at night. He had nowhere to eat, so he would often put him in his arms to lie down. When he was more than ten years old, his father died and he studied as a scholar.

In the morning, an old man passed by ②, and he spoke to him. He was surprised and asked for a daughter. Mother of Fengshi, sit up and walk, taste and get what you want first; eat and drink with your own eyes before eating.

Although things are dramatic, I must go to my mother's house from time to time. I will ask questions frequently. After leaving for a while, I will come again. My mother takes off ③ inappropriately, or sits upright without saying anything. Feng Da was frightened, Huanghuang (Huang: Huang, meaning "fear") seemed to be helpless, circling around his knees, calling "Mama" endlessly, his voice was as mournful as a baby's. It is a great joy to see the mother's beauty. If she looks at her mother for a long time, she will retreat.

When his descendants catch (catch: catch up with, catch up with, arrive at) someone who sees him and says that he is about to fall asleep, he will call "Amu", and he will do the same thing again, almost unconsciously... Fengjia He became rich and had three sons and six grandchildren. He died at the age of eighty-four. If you are rich in the countryside, you can practice virtue, and there are elders who can do it.

Sometimes someone returns with a fellow businessman. Since he has a lot of money, he may have checked his clothes and found out that there are things in Fengsi (store: shop) to tell him about Feng. The urgent order is hidden as before. Don't say anything sincerely. When it comes, treat it as before.

Gao Fu Zhanyan said: People in Fuyang often call Feng Neng Shi Shi (Shi Shi: giving, giving money to others) and good at righteousness. However, Feng Chang said: "I am ashamed of Wu Weng and Jiao Weng." Wu Weng The person is from Huizhou, Jia Yu Fuyang.

Every year at the end of the year, I walk around the alleys with gold in my arms at night. When I see a poor family, I put it in their house without anyone knowing about it. Jiao Weng, a native of Jiangning, brought Fuyang Jia with three hundred gold.

When the river broke out, those who were anxious to call for fishermen rescued one person with one gold (one gold: the name of the quantity of ancient coins. Twenty taels or one pound is one gold.

Later also Used to weigh one tael of silver). Whenever a few people are gathered in a few days, they are left to eat and drink in the restaurant. When the water subsides, they are sent back and the three hundred gold coins are used up.

As for these two people, if you ask people from Fuyang now, you won’t know. Feng said again: "I feel that my wife (wife and father) knows me all my life."

Woohoo! There is no shortage of scholars in the streets! [Translation] In the first year of Jiaqing, I traveled to Fuyang County. The county magistrate Yun Jun asked me to write and organize the county annals of Fuyang. Before I could draft it, Yun Jun was ordered to be transferred, and I also left Fuyang.

Gao Fuzhan of Fuyang County was a learned and cultivated man. He told me the affairs of Zhou Weicheng in a very comprehensive and detailed manner, so he wrote a biography for him so that he could leave it to those who would later compile his annals. Zhou Feng, also known as Weicheng, his ancestors were from Shaoxing and later migrated to Hangzhou. They were merchants and wealthy for generations.

His father’s name was Zhou Chongzhang. After a fire destroyed his home, he wandered to Fuyang to live. Zhou Chongzhang was a son of a wealthy family. He suddenly became poor, felt depressed and depressed, and became more bohemian. He did not care about the family's livelihood, so he was extremely trapped and died in Fuyang soon.

When Zhou Feng was young, whenever the weather was cold and his father came back from outside in the middle of the night, and there was nowhere to get food, he would always pull his father's feet over and hold them in his arms to sleep. When he was more than ten years old, his father was dead and he learned to do business.

One morning, an old man passed by his shop and talked with him. He thought he was strange and outstanding, and immediately betrothed his daughter to him. Zhou Feng served his mother. When she stood up, sat down or walked, he always knew what his mother wanted in advance. He must see his mother's food and drinks with his own eyes before sending them to her.

Although he has a heavy workload, he will always go to his mother's room to visit and greet her before leaving. After leaving for a while, he will go to her mother's side to check on her. If his mother was unhappy, or if she sat silently, Zhou Feng would be very frightened. He would look uneasy as if he had no place to stay, and would walk around his mother, calling "Mom" incessantly, with a voice as sad and affectionate as the mother. Babies do that.

I was very happy when I saw my mother's face became happy; I stayed there for a long time, and then retreated. Those descendants who caught up with Zhou Feng (during his lifetime) said that when he went to bed and was about to fall asleep, he would definitely call "Amu", and when he was about to wake up, it would be like this again, probably (it became a habit) It happened unconsciously.

...Zhou Feng made a fortune in business and had three sons and six grandsons. Zhou Feng died at the age of eighty-four. Zhou Feng was able to practice his kindness in the countryside and behave like an elder (generous).

A man who was doing business with him once wanted to return to his hometown, and Zhou Feng had already funded his journey expenses. Later, someone checked the man's luggage and found that there were goods from Zhou Feng's store, so he told Zhou Feng about it.

Zhou Feng quickly told him to store the goods as before and warned not to spread the news. When the business partner came, he treated him as before.

Gao Fuzhan said: Most people in Fuyang praised Zhou Feng for his ability to give alms to others and his courage in doing justice. However, Zhou Feng once said: "I am not as good as Wu Weng and Jiao Weng." Wu Weng was from Huizhou and lived in Fuyang. do business.

Every year at the end of the year, he would walk through the streets and alleys at night with money in his arms. When he saw poor people, he would quietly put the money in the doorway without letting others know. Jiao Weng was from Jiangning. He brought three hundred taels of silver to Fuyang to do business.

When the flood broke out, Jiao Weng hurriedly called to the fishermen, saying that if he could save a person, he would give him a tael of silver. In the past few days, we rescued several people and (and) stayed in the shop to provide them with food and drink. When the flood subsided, we helped arrange for them to return home.

The three hundred taels of silver were quickly used up. These two old men are now questioned by people in Fuyang, but no one knows about them.

Zhou Feng once said: "I am grateful to my father-in-law for understanding me in this life." Woohoo! There is no shortage of virtuous gentlemen among the common people in the streets and alleys. 2. Read the following classical Chinese text and complete the following questions

Question 1: D

Question 2: B

Question 3: A

Question 4:

(1) So I wrote a biography for him (Zhou Weicheng) in order to leave it to those who would compile it later.

(2) In the past few days, we rescued many people, (and) stayed in the shop to provide them with food and drink, and when the floods subsided, we helped them return home.

Question analysis:

Question 1: Item D, "Jia" is interpreted as the noun "businessman", which does not make sense in the text. In this sentence, it should be interpreted as the verb "doing business" .

Question 2: ①③The two sentences express Zhou Weicheng's filial piety to his parents, which can reflect his good virtues; ⑤It shows Zhou Weicheng's good virtues of being broad-minded and kind-hearted. ②④The two sentences introduce his wife and children, not his virtues. ⑥ It’s not Zhou Weicheng’s deeds, but Jiangning Jiao Weng’s.

Question 3: From the original text "He was originally from Shaoxing, moved to Hangzhou, and was a Jia for generations." It can be seen that Zhou Weicheng's ancestors did not live in Hangzhou during that time, but migrated to Hangzhou, so the statement A is wrong of.

Small question 4:

When translating question (1), please note that "chuan" is a verb, which means "to make a biography for..."; "yi" is the verb "to leave behind" It means "give".

When translating question (2), pay attention to the words "四", "diet", "俟", "子" and " sent". 3. Read the following classical Chinese article and complete the questions at the end of the article

Subtopic: D Subtopic: C Subtopic: C Subtopic: (1) There is a locust tree planted in front of the house, with lush branches and leaves. , (the good man) often cooked porridge under the tree for the hungry people to eat.

(2) After Duke Zhongqin arrived, the Yi people rushed to tell him about the strange trees they knew. (3) Duke Zhongqin was filial to his parents and friendly to his brothers by nature. He was the second son of Duke Yingchuan. His mother Shen Anren passed away when he had just lost his teeth.

Sub-question: With: because Sub-question: The second sentence of item A shows that the ancestors were diligent and thrifty in managing the family. The first sentence of item B does not express "paying attention to filial piety".

The word "generous" in item D should be understood as being passionate and energetic, so there is both "benevolent and charitable" and "pay attention to filial piety". Sub-title: A disciple of Yingchuan Gong's 14th PhD, he served as a trainee in Yongping County, and was finally promoted to a professor in Yingchuan Prince's Palace.

Therefore, item C says that "when I became an official, I went to the Yingchuan Prince's Mansion to serve as a professor" is not in line with the meaning of the text. Small questions: (1) Plant: plant.

Fushu: The way the branches and trunks of a big tree extend in all directions. Mi: porridge.

The person who feeds the hungry is under him: the preposition structure is postposition, that is, "the person who feeds the hungry under him". (2) To: handle.

Walk: run. (3) Filial piety: Be filial to your parents.

Friends: Friendly brothers. Fang: Strong.

Fang: Teeth change in children, usually around the age of seven or eight. Reference translation: My name is Shizhen, my surname is Wang, my courtesy name is Zizhen, and I am from Zhucheng, Qingzhou.

The ancestor’s name was Wang Guiqian, a famous family in Jinan New City, known as Duke Langlang. Later, he fled the chaos and lived in Cao Village in Xincheng, where he worked as a servant for a family with a big surname.

One day there was a strong wind and the sky was dark. A woman fell from the sky. After a while, the wind stopped and the sky became clear. The ancestor saw her in the dust. She told people that she was a girl from a family named Chu in Zhucheng County. She got up in the morning to make fire and came to this place unknowingly.

At that time, the ancestor was alone and the woman was eighteen or nineteen years old. The master thought it was a God-given match and asked them to get married.

The second generation ancestor’s name was Wang Wu. He was kind and virtuous, and people called him “the good man”. Duke Langlang had five sons, and Duke Shan was the youngest. He was simple and prudent by nature, and he was favored by his parents and brothers. He especially liked giving alms. He was always diligent in managing the housework, providing food rations per person, and taking all the leftovers. Come to help the poor and food-deficient people in the village.

There is a locust tree planted in front of the house, with lush branches. The good man often cooks porridge below for the hungry people to eat, and the hungry people get the porridge in turn. (Good Lord) is still weaving bamboo hats under the locust tree, piling them high.

The villagers called him "Wang Bodhisattva" and called his family "the good people of the Wang family of Dahuai". The third generation ancestor's name was Wang Linming. He was a professor at the Prince's Mansion in Yingchuan and was known as the Duke of Yingchuan.

Duke Yingchuan was the second son of "Good Lord". He was born alert and intelligent, had a strong memory, and read everything. At the age of fourteen, he was a student studying for a Ph.D. and got first place in every exam.

Later, he failed to obtain any honors in many examinations, so he had to participate in the selection of local officials as usual. When he arrived at Yongping County, he encouraged people to learn and practice hard, becoming a role model for many scholars. Finally, he was promoted to professor at Yingchuan Prince's Palace.

After taking office, he became ill and died a year later. Chronicles describe him as a man of integrity, high moral character, and possessing all the ethics of life.

He was very filial to his grandfather, Duke Langlang, and was very close to his brothers. The family was prosperous. The great ancestor's name was Wang Chongguang and his courtesy name was Tingxuan.

After the death of Duke Yingchuan, he was grieved and acted in accordance with the requirements of etiquette. After the mourning was over, he served in the Ministry of Household Affairs. Because he was able to do things well, he was promoted to Qianshi and became the governor of Yunzhong County.

He is tough and upright, abides by the law, and the army and the people trust him. Soon he was promoted to counselor and stationed in Shanggu.

The twelve things that Shanggu should do are carefully analyzed and hit the mark. Because he went against his boss's intention, he was transferred to Guiyang.

In the year of Dingsi, the emperor built three new halls, using large timber and bamboo from Guizhou. When he arrived, the Yi people rushed to tell him about the strange trees they knew.

He went deep into dangerous places (investigation and mining), braved the cold wind and miasma, and died of overwork. After the emperor heard about it, he specially gave him gifts and compensation, gave him a memorial ceremony and gave him a rich burial.

In the autumn of the Renshu year, the three halls were completed. Because of his previous meritorious services, the emperor issued an edict to posthumously gift him to the young minister of Taipu Temple. He is filial to his parents by nature and friendly to his brothers. He is the second son of Duke Yingchuan. His mother Shen Anren died when he just lost his teeth.

Later, he took care of his three stepmothers, Chang, Yue and Lu, just like his biological mother. Two younger brothers died young, and their children were raised as if they were their own.

Living in the countryside, being cautious, modest and conceding is a gentleman. He is very generous when things happen and does not shy away from hardships.

Up to the time of his death, he did not say a word about family matters. The memorial text in the ancestral hall contains the emperor's praise for "loyalty and diligence in serving the country", so it is called Zhongqin Gong.

4. Answers to Extracurricular Classical Chinese Reading "The Biography of Zhang Xun"

High School Classical Chinese Reading Training "The Biography of Zhang Xun" Linghu Chao surrounded Zhang Xun in Yongqiu and stayed with him for more than forty days, but the court could not understand. Chao Wen Xuanzong had been lucky to Shu and sent letters to recruit patrols again. There were six generals, all of whom had opened their offices, and they specially went to Bai Xun. Since the army was outnumbered and the survival of the superiors was unknown, it was better to surrender the thieves. Xun Yang promised that the emperor would be appointed in the hall tomorrow. The portrait was brought to the attention of the handsome generals, and everyone was weeping. Six generals were led to the front, charged with justice, and beheaded, which made the soldiers feel more encouraged. The arrows in the city were exhausted, and more than a thousand of the patrolmen were tied up with manuscripts. They were clothed in black and lowered under the city at night. , Chao soldiers fought to shoot at it, and it was not long before they found out who wrote it, and hundreds of thousands of arrows were obtained. After that, they held down the enemy again at night, but the thieves laughed and had no equipment. So they killed 500 soldiers in the Chao camp, and the Chao army was in chaos, burning the fortress and escaping. Chao was chased for more than ten miles. Chao was ashamed and surrounded him with soldiers. The patrol envoy general Lei Wanchun met Chao on the city. The bandit shot him with a crossbow. He was hit by six arrows in the face but did not move. Chao was suspicious of his puppet and sent a spy. When he asked, he was shocked. He said to Xun from a distance: "Only when I see General Lei can I issue military orders. But how can it be like the way of heaven?" , captured fourteen thieves and beheaded more than a hundred of them. The thieves escaped at night and withdrew their troops into Chenliu, not daring to come back. In a short time, more than seven thousand thieves on foot and on horseback gathered in the white sand vortex, patrolled and attacked at night, and defeated them. They returned to Taoling. When the thieves were encountered, more than 400 soldiers were rescued. They were all captured. They were separated. Gui, Tan and Hu soldiers were all killed. Hu. (Selected from "Zi Zhi Tong Jian") [Note] ① Zhang Xun: When the "Anshi" chaos broke out, he was the magistrate of Zhenyuan County. Because his superiors defected to the enemy, he led his army to Yongqiu. ② Linghu Chao: Early He was the magistrate of Yongqiu County and later descended to Anlu Mountain. Supporting Exercises 1. For the interpretation of the punctuated words in the following sentences, the incorrect one is (D) A. Chao Wen Xuanzong has been lucky to Shu: specifically refers to the emperor going somewhere Go B. Patrol the sun and promise the sun: pretend C. Thief laughs without equipment: defense D. The tide is ashamed and the benefit of the army is surrounding: more 2. Among the following sets of sentences, the one with different meanings and usages of the highlighted words is ( A) a) If the army is outnumbered and the survival of the superiors is unknown, if everyone is captured b. If the tide of soldiers fights to shoot at it, it will be known for a long time that the author of the manuscript will take the Lord of Chang'an as a hostage, and the soldiers will go out c. The patrolling envoy general Lei Wanchun was in the city, meeting with Chao Xiang. Guests from outside came and sat down to talk. You don’t understand human relations, so how do you know the way of heaven? How can the people of Wu dare to attack my city? 3. The following six sentences are divided into four. Group, the group that all shows Zhang Xun’s resourcefulness is (B) ①Xunyang promised ②Xunyang led six generals in front, responsible for the great righteousness, and beheaded them ③Xunbind the manuscript with more than a thousand people, and was clothed in black ④After that, he returned to the night Not long after Li Ren went into battle, he captured fourteen generals. He met more than 400 bandit soldiers and captured them all. The correct one is (C) A. Linghu Chao led his army to surround Zhang Xun and wrote letters to persuade him to surrender; Zhang Xun's six generals also persuaded him to surrender, and Zhang Xun planned to kill them, which greatly boosted his morale. B. When the arrows in the city were exhausted, Zhang Xun tied up more than a thousand straw men and "borrowed" hundreds of thousands of arrows from the thieves, showing his unusual wit. C. After the confrontation, Linghu Chao admired him very much. Lei Wanchun and Zhang Xun managed the army well and praised them with the way of heaven. However, they were reprimanded by Zhang Xun and were beaten and fled. D. Zhang Xun was brave and resourceful, defeated the bandits one after another, and treated the prisoners separately. He dealt with it with kindness and power, and many common people among the thieves came to join him. Reference translation: Ling Guchao besieged Zhang Xun in Yongqiu. The two armies faced each other for more than forty days, but no news from the court was obtained. Ling Guchao heard that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had gone to Shu, and sent a letter to persuade Zhang Xun to surrender. (Zhang Xun's subordinates) There were six generals who could open a government office. They came in specially to persuade him with the reality that they did not have enough troops to fight the enemy. Zhang Xun also said that he did not know whether the emperor was dead or alive, so it was better to surrender to the enemy. Zhang Xun pretended to agree. The next day, he put up a portrait of the emperor in the court hall and led all the soldiers to worship. Everyone cried. General Zhang Xun The six men came forward, reprimanded them with the righteousness of the country's rise and fall, and then killed them, which doubled their morale. When all the arrows in the city were used up, Zhang Xun bundled the straw into thousands of straw men, and dressed them in black clothes. At night, they were tied with ropes and placed under the city. Linghu Chao's soldiers rushed to shoot at them. It took a long time to realize that they were straw men. Zhang Xun got hundreds of thousands of arrows. After that, they lowered people from the city wall at night to kill the thieves. The soldiers thought it was funny and unprepared. So Zhang Xun sent 500 death squads to attack Ling Guchao's military camp. Linghu Chao's army was in chaos, burned the camp and fled. The patrol chased the enemy for more than ten miles. Ling Guchao felt ashamed. , more soldiers continued to besiege Zhang Xun and the others. Zhang Xun sent his general Lei Wanchun to talk to Ling Guchao on the city wall. The thieves shot Lei Wanchun with a crossbow, but Lei Wanchun was hit by six arrows in the face but remained motionless. Ling Guchao He suspected that the Lei Wanchun he saw was a wooden man, so he sent spies to ask for details. (After learning the truth) Gu Chao was shocked and said to Zhang Xun from a distance: "I just saw General Lei, and I didn't know your military order." It's like a mountain, but do you know what God's will is? Zhang Xun said to Ling Guchao, "If you don't understand human relations, how can you know God's will?" "Not long after, Zhang Xun sent troops to fight and captured 14 generals of the traitors, and cut off the heads of more than 100 thieves. The thieves fled overnight and retreated to Chenliu, not daring to come out again. It didn't take long for the rebels to rebel. More than 7,000 infantry and cavalry people gathered in Baishaduo. Zhang Xun led his troops to attack the rebels at night and won a great victory. Zhang Xun's troops returned to Taoling and encountered more than 400 reinforcements from the rebels. They captured all the rebels and killed them. They made different decisions. They killed all the soldiers from Gui and Tan states and the Hu soldiers (soldiers from the area where Anlushan rebelled). They released all the soldiers from Xingyang and Chenliu counties who had been coerced and let them go back to do their own thing. In the past ten days, more than 10,000 households have left the rebels and come to join the army. I don’t know if this is what you need, and you didn’t send me any exercises. I’m not sure if this is the same question as what you want. I hope it can help. Got you, haha!