Planting vegetables with slight cold and solar terms, and doing well the seedling management of early spring crops.

Tomorrow is the annual slight cold solar term. For vegetable farmers, the temperature is low, the sunshine is less, and the strong cold air is frequent in the slight cold season. It is necessary to do a good job in seedling management of early spring crops to ensure the healthy growth of crops in this cold period. Let Lao Huang Li introduce you.

It is very important to cultivate healthy seedlings of appropriate age. Strong seedlings are the basis of high quality and high yield. During the slight cold period, the temperature is low, the light is weak and the sunshine time is short. Therefore, raising the temperature, keeping the temperature and increasing the light are the keys to the success or failure of seedlings. Nursery shed should be selected in a solar greenhouse with good lighting conditions and good thermal insulation effect. Before nursery, a ground hotline should be laid, and supplementary light can be installed if conditions permit.

Seedling raising techniques of melon and eggplant in greenhouse in spring

Cucumber, zucchini, tomato, eggplant and pepper planted in greenhouse in early spring began to grow seedlings. Grafting cucumber, tomato and eggplant as far as possible can enhance the ability of cold resistance, disease resistance and stress resistance, and has the effect of resisting nematodes.

Generally, tomato seedlings take 50-60 days, eggplant takes 60-70 days and cucumber takes 40-50 days. Tomato and eggplant are cultivated in 50-hole or 72-hole hole trays; Cucumber is cultivated in 32-hole or 50-hole hole trays or 8×8 cm nutrient pots.

Choose a good quality brand-name nursery substrate, or use peat nutrient soil and vermiculite to prepare the substrate according to the ratio of 2: 1, and add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer 10 kg per cubic meter. Do a good job of soaking seeds to accelerate germination and chemical treatment, and choose sunny days for sowing, so as to achieve uniform sowing and uniform covering thickness.

Seedling raising of cabbage and lettuce

The best seedling raising period of cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, lettuce and other crops cultivated in the open field in early spring is 1 mid-month. Using 72-hole or 128-hole plastic plug seedlings, select early-maturing and good-quality varieties such as "Zhonggan 2 1", sow one day in advance, and sow evenly after watering. Remember that the night temperature of Chinese cabbage seedlings should not be lower than 12℃ for a long time to avoid premature vernalization and bolting.

Seedling management

Seedling raising of tomato, pepper, eggplant, cabbage, celery and lettuce in greenhouse in early spring is an important period of management. First of all, do a good job of heat preservation and let them see more light, turn on the fill light on cloudy days, and fill the light for about 12 hours every day; It should also be noted that the temperature at night should not be too low, and the lowest temperature should be above 13℃, otherwise long-term low temperature will affect the differentiation of flower buds and form deformed fruits, which will directly affect the quality and yield of fruits in the future. In the common seedbed seedling raising method, the seedlings should be divided in time at the 2-leaf stage, and the disease prevention and control at the seedling stage should be done well. Recently, many sheds have been destroyed by moles, which should be controlled by rat traps.

Harvest and seedling pulling of crops in autumn and winter in solar greenhouse

Thermophilic crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini and eggplant have entered the late growth stage in autumn and winter. Whether to pull out seedlings depends on plant growth and greenhouse temperature. If the lowest indoor temperature can be above 13℃ at night, the healthy growth of plants should be delayed as much as possible. If the above conditions cannot be met, the seedlings should be pulled out in time, and stubble should be reserved for planting or planting fast-maturing vegetables such as rape and lettuce with good cold tolerance.

Key period of warm-loving vegetable management in winter stubble

The slight cold solar term is the key period for the management of warm-loving vegetables in tomato and cucumber winter stubble. Pay attention to the weather changes to prevent crops from being damaged by strong cold current and cloudy days, and take temporary heating measures such as yuba, heating burning block or electric stove when necessary.

Scrubbing the shed film frequently to enhance the light transmittance; Timely pruning and raking, pruning and sharpening, assisting pollination, and thinning out redundant buds and fruits; Scientifically watering and topdressing, topdressing should adopt "Christmas tree" with comprehensive nutrition and reasonable proportion at the same speed as drip irrigation, or apply organic liquid fertilizer of alginic acid or humic acid with comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with water; Set a reservoir, water storage tank or bucket in the greenhouse, and water it after the water temperature rises. It is also advisable to irrigate with small water frequently. In winter, greenhouse vegetables should avoid flooding and prevent the sudden drop of ground temperature from affecting the growth of roots and their ability to absorb water and nutrients.

Transplanting and sowing of cold-resistant and fast-maturing vegetables in greenhouse

During the slight cold solar term, fast-maturing vegetables such as rape, chrysanthemum, spinach, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and cherry radish planted in solar greenhouse are the season of sowing and planting. It is necessary to apply 65,438+0,500-2,000 kilograms of fully decomposed fine organic fertilizer, carefully prepare the soil, and make the ground flat, the ridges flat and straight, and the topsoil loose and dull.

Chrysanthemum, spinach, cherry radish and Chinese cabbage should be planted directly. After watering the soles of your feet, sow them evenly, and the soil will be even in thickness. After sowing, a layer of plastic film can play the role of heat preservation and moisture retention, and 50% of seedlings should be removed in time. Strengthen the management of growth period and plant fresh and safe products for the off-season market in spring.