Briefly describe the human geography of Japan.

Japan is an archipelago country in the East Pacific of Asia. It is bordered by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Korean Strait and the Sea of Japan in the west, the Pacific Ocean in the east and China, Korea and Russia in the east. The territory consists of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, four major islands and more than 3,900 small islands, covering an area of 377,700 square kilometers. Honshu Island is the most important island in Japan, with an area of over 227,400 square kilometers, accounting for about 60% of the total area of the country. The total length of coastline is nearly 30,000 kilometers. It is about 3000 kilometers long from north to south. The mountains pass through the center of the archipelago, and short and swift rivers flow into the surrounding ocean. Mountains and hills account for about 70% of the total land area, and the population is concentrated in limited areas such as rivers and coastal plains. Volcanoes and earthquakes are increasing. Because there are many mountains and few plains, Japanese tunnel technology, agricultural technology and irrigation technology have all been improved. There are about 80 volcanoes in Japan, and the highest peak is Mount Fuji (3,776 meters). There are 47 prefectures and counties in the administrative area, with cities, counties, towns and villages under them.

Japan's natural environment

Due to the strong action of folds and faults and the long-term erosion and cutting of external forces, the terrain is very broken, the coast is tortuous and the harbors are densely covered. The mountainous area accounts for about 76% of the national area. Most of the mountains in Hokkaido and northern Honshu run north-south, while those in Shikoku and southern Honshu run east-west. They met in the middle of Honshu, called "Central Mountain Knot", which is the highest terrain in China, including the famous Mount Fuji.

Mount Fuji is 3776 meters above sea level, which is an active volcano and the highest peak in China. The last eruption of Mount Fuji occurred in 1707, and there is still a spray phenomenon. Its mountains are standard conical, with snow all year round at the top, hot springs and waterfalls, and five Fuji lakes in the north, with beautiful scenery. The Japanese call it "the full moon".

The plains only account for 24% of the national area, and most of them are scattered in the lower reaches of major rivers and coastal areas. The largest and most famous plain in China is the Kanto Plain near Tokyo, with an area of 15770 square kilometers. Followed by the thick-tailed plain near Nagoya, and the Munei Plain near Osaka and Kyoto. Japan is located in the volcanic earthquake zone on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and it is a country with many volcanoes. There are more than 200 volcanoes in China, of which active volcanoes account for 1/3. Earthquakes are frequent, with an average of about four times a day in the whole country, and it is known as the "country of earthquakes". 1,1In September, 923, the Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed 73% of the houses in Tokyo and 96% in Yokohama, resulting in150,000 deaths. Related to volcanic activity, there are hot springs all over the country, about * * hot springs 1200. The river course is short, the water quantity is abundant, the water potential is urgent and the hydraulic resources are abundant, but it is not conducive to navigation. Among them, Shinagawa is the longest, reaching 367 kilometers; Yinchuan River basin has the largest area, with 16840 square kilometers. There are many lakes, but most of them are small and deep crater lakes, which are distributed on high mountains, while there are many lagoons with little depth along the coast. Lake Biwa, the largest lake in China, is under construction, with an area of 686 square kilometers, an altitude of 85 meters and a depth of 103 meters.

The Japanese archipelago is surrounded by the sea, except that the northeast coast is surrounded by the warm current (Kuroshio) from the tropical Pacific Ocean. The climate is regulated by the ocean, forming a relatively mild and humid maritime monsoon climate, which is milder than the mainland at the same latitude and rich in precipitation. The average annual precipitation in most areas is1000-2000mm, with southeast winds prevailing in summer and continuous rainfall in the eastern coast from June to July. In winter, the northwest wind blows across the Sea of Japan from the mainland. The weather is cold and there is a lot of snowfall in the north. Japan extends about 2400 kilometers from north to south, and the climate varies greatly from place to place. South of 35 degrees north latitude belongs to monsoon subtropical forest climate. Honshu and northern Hokkaido belong to the monsoon temperate coniferous forest climate; The rest of the vast areas belong to monsoon temperate broad-leaved forest climate. Located in the middle of Tokyo, the average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+ 10) is 6 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in the hottest month (August) is 25 degrees Celsius, and the annual average precipitation is more than 1500mm. In Kagoshima, south of Kyushu, the average temperature in Leng Yue (L month) is 7 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in the hottest month (August) is 27 degrees Celsius, and the average annual precipitation is more than 2,000 millimeters. Sapporo, Hokkaido, the average temperature in Leng Yue (L month) is below -6 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature in the hottest month (August) is above 20 degrees Celsius; The average annual precipitation in root chamber is 98 1 mm. Every year from August to June 10, the western and southern parts of Japan are often hit by typhoons, which often cause disasters.

Japanese climate

There are four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. There is rainfall all year round, especially in early summer and autumn. Most workplaces in Japan belong to temperate zone, which is suitable for rice planting. Because the country is small and the north-south direction is very long, the climate between the north and the south is completely different. The characteristics of the four spring days-trees and flowers start to put on new clothes at the same time. When cherry blossoms are in full bloom People really feel the coming of spring. Summer-Affected by the high pressure formed in the South China Sea, there are more sultry sunny days. The typhoon formed on the coast of the Philippines from July to 10, and the storm caused by it brought considerable disasters to all parts of Japan. Autumn leaves begin to change from green to red and yellow. The winter monsoon blowing from the north leads to continuous heavy snow in the Sea of Japan and continuous dry and sunny in the Pacific Ocean.

Important cities in Japan

Tokyo: The capital. Located at the southern tip of Kanto Plain, on the northwest bank of Tokyo Bay. With a population of 8.4 million, including suburban population 1 654,38+0,890,000, it is the political, economic and cultural center of Japan. Printing, rubber products, leather products and precision instruments are the most developed industries. Most foreign trade passes through Yokohama.

Osaka: Japan's second largest city with a population of 2.64 million. As the core of Osaka Industrial Zone, machinery and chemical industries are the main industries, and shipbuilding and petrochemical industries are also very developed. There are 1 0 satellite cities nearby. Nagoya: Population: 2.09 million. Developed industry, the annual output value is second only to Tokyo and Osaka. Wool textile and ceramic industries rank first in the country.

Yokohama: Population: 2.77 million. One of the largest seaports in Japan is the outer harbor of Tokyo. The foreign trade volume accounts for about 1/4 of the whole country. Kyoto: population 1.48 million. The old capital of Japan, a famous cultural, sightseeing and industrial city. It is famous for producing silk fabrics, artistic ceramics and other handicrafts.

Kobe: population 1.36 million. It is one of the largest seaports in Japan and the outer port of Osaka. The foreign trade volume accounts for about 3/ 10 of the whole country. Industry is mainly shipbuilding.

Kitakyushu: Population: 1.06 million. Jiexiaguan Strait, formed by the merger of Mensi, Yasaka, Kokura, Ruosong and Huhuotian, is an important industrial zone and transportation center in northern Kyushu. There is a submarine tunnel (3490 meters long) in the west of Menxi, which is connected with Shimonoseki on the other side.

Yokosuga: Population: 420,000. Miura Peninsula is located on the southwest coast of Tokyo Bay, adjacent to the mouth of Tokyo Bay. The main industries are shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing and food processing.

Sapporo: population1620,000. The political and cultural center and railway hub of Hokkaido. Food processing and printing are major industries. Otaru is located 3 5 kilometers west of the city and is its outer port.

Japanese traffic

The transportation is developed, and a modern transportation system is formed, which is mainly based on sea transportation and closely combined with land, sea and air. It has a strong fleet and routes connecting all parts of the world. Yokohama, Kobe, Tokyo, Osaka, Kitakyushu and Nagoya are important ports. The total length of the railway is more than 46,000 kilometers, including 2,000 kilometers of electrified high-speed railway, and the railway trunk lines are mostly distributed in coastal areas. The number of public roads in China is 165438+ more than one million kilometers. Modern expressway is 4900 kilometers. Aircraft-domestic aviation network connects major cities. Railway-Japan Railway, with a total length of 27,000 kilometers (Honshu is connected with Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu through bridges or undersea tunnels), is the most convenient, effective and safest mode of transportation. JR network connects almost all cities. In big cities and tourist attractions, the private railway service network runs in parallel with JR or in an auxiliary form. JR-Since the opening of the first Japanese railway from 1872 Xinqiao to Yokohama, JNR (Japan State-owned Railway), which has always been the center of Japanese railways, was privatized in April 1987 and divided into six passenger transport companies and freight railway companies, including JR East Japan and JR West Japan. Shinkansen-With the aim of transporting a large number of passengers safely, stably and at high speed, it started operation on 1964. Now there is a Shinkansen with a speed of up to 270 kilometers per hour, which only takes two and a half hours to connect Tokyo and Osaka. Private railways-there are 65,438+032 railway companies, which together with JR form the subway of the national railway network system-have subways running in nine cities, including Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Yokohama, Kobe, Kyoto, Sapporo, Fukuoka and Sendai, which are the most reliable and cheapest means of transportation in the city. Roads and cars-the total length of roads is about1120,000 kilometers, and there are 58.6 million * * cars, ranking second in the world after the United States.

Nationality and language

Japanese is only Japanese, but there are many dialects. Dialects in Northeast China, Kyushu and other places are difficult to understand. However, it is entirely possible to communicate in standard language. Use Chinese characters and pseudonyms when writing. Chinese characters are imported from China, and pseudonyms (Hiragana and Katakana) are derived from Chinese characters. Katakana mainly expresses foreign words.

Traditional Japanese sports are related to traditional Japanese sports such as sumo, judo, kendo, archery and karate. Japanese traditional art kabuki, Nengsanxian, Qin, etc.

Kabuki Kabuki is a classical drama that has been preserved to this day with its ability and madness. It originated in the early Edo period in Japan and was formed in the middle Edo period. There is no actress in kabuki, and the actress is played by an actor named "Hill". With the development of the theater, the "turntable" and the equipment that can be pushed up from the ground are used on the stage, which has developed into excellent scripts and excellent acting skills. With Edo, Osaka and Kyoto as the center, it has become an indispensable culture for citizens to watch. The theme covers all aspects, including historical novels adapted from classics and legends, world dramas adapted from real life, and dance-based singing and dancing performances. Its purpose is to publicize the morality of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, and to educate ordinary citizens on the morality of diligence, kindness and punishment. Moreover, the costumes and props of famous actors have also become the sought after objects. Traditionally, actors were discriminated against, but in the Edo era, they were treated as celebrities, both economically and socially. The actor's family is hereditary, and now the city seat, the tail seat, the city village seat and so on. Is to let kabuki actors pass on from generation to generation, one after another.

Flower Path-Kebana's Flowers started from the art of flower arrangement in16th century. It was formed by absorbing the ceremony of offering flowers to Buddha statues by medieval monks into civilian life. As a unique traditional culture, flower arrangement and tea are widely used in Japan. There are various schools of Chinese Taoism, all of which have established a hierarchical system of patriarch, master and disciple, forming the oldest and most traditional social model.

Tea ceremony tea was introduced to Japan from China in the Middle Ages. Japanese tea is made by letting it dry naturally without fermentation. Tea leaves are ground into powder, which is called "end tea". Various ways and methods of drinking tea have been very popular since the Muramachi era. Not only the teahouse and teacups are very elegant, but also the facilities and tools for tea tasting are quite artistic.

Japanese behavior and billiards room

Japanese residents124.96 million, and the urban population accounts for 76%. The population distribution is extremely uneven, and most of them are concentrated in coastal plains and rivers along islands. The areas centered on Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya have concentrated half of the country's population. The sparsely populated areas are Hokkaido, Yinshan and parts of Shikoku. Except for a few Ainu people in Hokkaido and Northern Territory, almost all of them are Yamato people. Most residents believe in Shinto and Buddhism. Japanese is the national language, and Ainu is widely used by Ainu people. Foreigners are mainly Koreans and overseas Chinese.

Japanese behavior Japanese people generally don't take actions away from others. Once several Japanese people get together, they will naturally rank each other according to their age and social status and influence their actions. When it is necessary to speak or act, the Japanese will consider each other's emotions and positions, so they will not impose their opinions on each other. It is ambiguous to say yes orno. Even if you say an idea, you should give a long, long reason first to avoid stimulating the other party. Almost all Japanese consider themselves middle class.

Bai Qingge) "Bai Qingge" is a machine used for games. In a vertical box with many holes, the player pulls the wrench at the lower right and hits an iron ball with a diameter of about 1 cm. If the iron ball enters a hole smoothly, it will roll out a dozen small balls, and a certain number of small balls can be exchanged for money. At present, many people in Japan are keen on playing pinball.

Important festival

65438+1 October1New Year's Day is the first day of the new year, and it is also a day to pray for good luck and happiness in the new year and make plans for it. On this day, I also went to a shrine or a nearby temple for my first visit.

65438+ 10 month 15 adult day. This is a festival to celebrate the independence of young men and women who have reached the age of 20, and there are adult ceremonies held by municipal, town and village administrative organs.

February 1 1 National Day. According to the record in Japan's earliest history book, The History of Japan, this day was added by 1966 in order to recall the difficulties of the founding of the People's Republic and cultivate patriotic sentiments. In Japan, there are still people who oppose the so-called "Founding Day".

March 2 1, the date of the vernal equinox. That is, the central day of The Other Side of Spring. This is the day to visit the graves and worship the ancestors.

May 3, the anniversary of the Constitution. It is to commemorate the date when the current Constitution was formulated1May 3, 947.

Children's Day on May 5th. It was originally a day to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival for boys, to celebrate the growth of children and to pray for happiness.

September 15, respect for the elderly. In line with the purpose of respecting the elderly and being grateful, 1966 supplements the section.

September 23, the autumnal equinox. This is the central day on the other side of autumn. Like the vernal equinox, we should sweep graves and worship ancestors' spirits.

10 June 10 Sports Festival. Commemorating the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1964/KLOC-0. This is a day to get close to sports and realize the importance of health. 1966 revised edition.

1 1.3 Cultural Festival. 1946, 165438 commemorates the promulgation of the current Japanese constitution and cultivates a sense of respect for culture.

165438+1October 23rd Labor Thanks Day. This is the harvest season. In order to express gratitude for the bumper harvest and re-understand the joy of labor, a festival aimed at thanking labor was formulated.

National Day 65438+February 23rd. Cherry blossom festival from March to April. Date of establishment of diplomatic relations with China:1September 29th, 972.

Currency: Japanese yen.

Time: 9 hours earlier than GMT; Earlier than Beijing time 1 hour.

National flower: cherry blossoms.

National bird: green pheasant.

Interpretation of country name: the country of sunrise. Reputation: the country of cherry blossoms (more than 300 kinds of cherry blossoms) and the country of volcanic earthquakes (more than 200 volcanoes, with active volcanoes accounting for 1/4).

Folk custom: The traditional costume is kimono.