How to solve and face the challenges and opportunities brought by Hangzhou Bay Bridge?

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world at present. Around the construction of this major transportation facility, the cross-strait factor flow is accelerated and the gathering capacity is enhanced, which brings new opportunities for the development of our city. The completion and opening of the bridge is conducive to the convergence of people, logistics and capital flows, speeding up the pace of introduction, reorganization and integration, and promoting the transformation of traditional production methods and development models in our city; It is conducive to giving play to the advantages of transportation location, expanding the development space, improving the orientation of urban development and accelerating the process of urbanization; It is conducive to changing the traditional mindset, market concept and lifestyle, and promoting the harmonious development of economy and society, man and nature. At the same time, regional cooperation and competition have intensified, and economic and social development is facing new challenges. The geographical advantage of the "zero" distance between our city and Shanghai will gradually weaken, the problem of weak radiation absorption capacity will become more prominent, and the pressure of industrial upgrading and transformation will further increase.

Facing the gradual establishment of Shanghai's status as an international metropolis and the major strategic measures put forward by the integration development trend of the Yangtze River Delta, the development of "bridge economy" lies in deepening its integration with Shanghai and accelerating its integration into the Yangtze River Delta. Developing "bridge economy" and further deepening its integration with Shanghai will help our city's economy to integrate into a broader development space, vigorously promote the process of industrialization, urbanization, informationization, marketization and internationalization, improve the level of opening up and attracting investment, make full use of Shanghai's science and technology, talents and management resources, as well as innovative experience in concepts, systems, services and management, improve government management and service levels, optimize industrial structure and enhance comprehensive competitiveness. To this end, all levels and departments should further raise awareness, change development concepts, broaden development ideas, focus on solving existing problems, and push the economy and society onto the track of scientific development.

Challenges and opportunities

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a sea-crossing bridge across Hangzhou Bay in China. It starts from Zhengjiadai, Haiyan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang in the north and ends at Shuilu Bay, Cixi, Ningbo, with a total length of 36 kilometers. It is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world, which is 1 1 km longer than the King Fahd Bridge connecting Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, and the second bridge in the world after the Pontchartrain Lake Bridge in the United States.

After the completion of Hangzhou Bay Bridge, the land distance between Ningbo and Shanghai will be shortened by120km, providing a convenient passage for the national trunk line-the third line crossing Hangzhou Bay. The bridge is designed as a two-way six-lane expressway with a design speed of 100km/h, a design service life of 100 years and a total investment of about11800 million yuan. Construction started on June 26th, 2007 165438+20031October 4th. After 43 months of engineering construction, the whole bridge was completed. It is planned to complete the bridge deck pavement before June 30, 2007, and officially open to traffic on May 1 2008.

The construction of the bridge is conducive to actively docking with Shanghai, expanding opening up, promoting cooperation and exchanges in the Yangtze River Delta, improving the opening up level of Zhejiang Province, especially Ningbo and Jiaxing, and enhancing its comprehensive strength and international competitiveness; It is conducive to improving the layout of the Yangtze River Delta regional highway network and national trunk lines and alleviating the traffic pressure of the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway; It is conducive to changing the situation of Ningbo's transportation hub, thus becoming a transportation hub and implementing the regional development strategy around Hangzhou Bay; It is conducive to promoting the development of tourism in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.

Overview of the Bridge Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a convenient passage for the national trunk line-the same third line to cross Hangzhou Bay. The bridge starts from Zhengjiadai, Haiyan, Jiaxing City in the north, spans the wide Hangzhou Bay and ends at Shuilu Bay, Cixi City, Ningbo City, with a total length of 36 kilometers. After the completion of the bridge, the land distance between Ningbo and Shanghai will be shortened by more than 120 km, thus greatly alleviating the pressure of the already congested Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway and forming a two-hour traffic circle between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai with Shanghai as the center.

The total investment of the bridge is expected to exceed 65.438+06 billion RMB, including 36 kilometers of the bridge, 65.438+065.438+08 billion RMB; North shore connecting line is 29 1 km,1.700 million; The south bank connecting line is 55.3 kilometers and 3.4 billion. Private capital accounts for half of the total capital, including Youngor, Tai Fang Kitchenware, Haitong Group and other private enterprises. The toll period of the bridge is 30 years, and the toll standard is expected to be 55 yuan/vehicle.

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is designed as a two-way six-lane expressway with a design speed of 100Km/h/h, a design service life of 100 years, and a total investment of about11800 million yuan. The bridge has two navigation channels, namely, the North Channel Bridge is a rhombic steel box girder cable-stayed bridge with twin towers and double cable planes with a main span of 448m, and the navigation standard is 35,000 tons; Nanhang Road Bridge is a type A steel box girder cable-stayed bridge with single tower and double cable planes, with a main span of 3 18m and a navigation standard of 3,000 tons. Except for the South and North Waterway Bridges, the other approach bridges all adopt prestressed concrete continuous box girder structures ranging from 30 to 80 meters. Hangzhou Bay Sea-crossing Bridge is the longest sea-crossing bridge built or under construction in the world. The main project of the bridge was successfully constructed in 2003, completed in 2008 and opened to traffic in 2009.

The project company was established in September, 20001year. The investment in bridge construction is11800 million, and the capital is 3.85 billion yuan. Among them, Ningbo holds 90% and Jiaxing holds 10%. Private enterprise investment accounts for 50.25% of the company's capital. Four banks, including China Development Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, have been invited to lend 7 billion yuan for this project, and loan agreements have been signed.

The economic benefit of the bridge itself is an important basis for attracting investors. According to the traffic flow survey, the traffic flow of the bridge reached 52,000 vehicles in 2009, 80,000 vehicles in 20 15 and 96,000 vehicles in 2027. According to the calculation, the financial internal rate of return of the bridge will reach 8.03 ~ 10. 1%, the payback period will be 14.2 years, and the return on investment will be 15. 10% (excluding the construction period) and1.

Engineering characteristics 1, engineering environment characteristics

The weather in Hangzhou Bay is complex and changeable, and typhoons, tornadoes, thunderstorms and sudden small-scale disastrous weather occur from time to time. The natural conditions of Hangzhou Bay have the following characteristics:

(1) The sea area is vast, with many typhoons, large tidal range and fast current, which has typical maritime climate characteristics and few effective working days;

(2) Deep soft soil and deep bearing stratum bring a series of problems to the design and construction of offshore foundation;

(3) The South Beach is long, and the construction conditions are complicated, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of the construction period by using conventional design schemes and construction methods;

(4) The environment is corrosive;

(5) Shallow gas is enriched in many places in the south beach, which endangers the construction safety.

2. Difficulties in engineering construction

(1) The project scale is large, and the offshore engineering quantity is large. The total length of the bridge project is 36 kilometers, and the offshore section is 32 kilometers. The whole bridge has a total of 2.45 million cubic meters of concrete, 820,000 tons of various steel products,+03,565,438 steel pipe piles, 3,550 bored piles, 0/272 caps/kloc and 65,438 piers, and the project scale is huge.

(2) The natural environment is harsh. The tidal range is large, the flow velocity is fast, the flow direction is chaotic, the waves are high, and the erosion is deep. In some areas, the soft soil layer is thick and the shallow gas is rich. Among them, the south bank 10 km beach area is dry and wet alternately, and most offshore projects are offshore operations, so the construction conditions are poor. Affected by hydrometeorology, there are few effective working days. According to on-site construction statistics, the annual effective days of offshore construction operations are less than 180 days, and the tidal flat area is about 250 days.

(3) It is very difficult to make the overall design scheme. The design requirements are new, in which the approach bridge in the underwater area (18.27km) and the approach bridge in the south bank beach area (10. 1km) are the key points of the whole project. The problem of structural corrosion protection is very prominent, and there is no standard to follow; In the process of bridge operation, the driving environment on the bridge deck is affected by unfavorable factors such as strong wind, dense fog, heavy rain and driver's visual fatigue. It is the key to ensure the driving safety on the bridge deck to adopt reasonable and effective design countermeasures. The design scheme involves the application of new materials, new processes and new technologies and the development of a number of large-scale special equipment.

In terms of construction technology, it faces many key construction challenges, such as overall prefabrication, transportation and erection of large-tonnage box girder in high pier area of offshore rapids, long-distance transportation and erection of large-tonnage box girder in wide beach area, design of super-long spiral steel pipe pile, anti-corrosion and pile sinking construction. In the aspect of measurement control, the deformation of structure measurement caused by the effect of super-long bridge length and earth surface is very prominent. Restricted by the marine environment, the traditional measurement methods can no longer meet the requirements of construction accuracy and progress. How to realize rapid and efficient survey construction with the help of GPS technology is the core technical problem that restricts the construction period of the whole bridge.

(4) The construction objectives are demanding, and the construction organization and operation management are difficult. This large-scale bridge project has attracted worldwide attention. At the beginning of the construction, Ningbo Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government clearly put forward that the bridge project should be implemented according to the standard of "three first-class goals". Facing the complex construction environment and challenging projects, how to organize and manage the bridge project is a great challenge for the headquarters. Due to the large number of construction sites and long battle lines, there are synchronous and overlapping processes, which brings difficulties to organizing construction and controlling project quality, progress, safety and funds. How to take effective engineering control and operation management measures under meteorological and hydrological conditions such as typhoon, strong wind, spring tide, huge waves, rapids, heavy rain, fog and lightning is a new topic that needs to be faced in engineering management.

The highlight of the bridge is that it is 36 kilometers long, which makes it surpass the world-famous bridges, such as Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Bahrain Embankment Bridge, and become the longest cross-sea bridge built or under construction in the world.

According to preliminary verification, the bridge * * * needs 769,000 tons of steel, cement 1.29 1.000 tons, petroleum asphalt 1.65438 tons, wood 1.9 1.000 cubic meters and concrete. The 50-meter * 16-meter box girder in Nantan adopts the technology of whole-hole prefabrication and large-scale flat car transportation, which sets a new record for transporting heavy beams at home and abroad.

The 70m * 16m box girder of the approach bridge in the underwater area adopts the integrated scheme of full-hole system, transportation and erection, and the single girder weighs 2 180 tons, ranking first in China. The diameter of steel pipe piles driven into the approach bridge in the underwater area is 1.5- 1.6m, and the pile length is about 80m, totaling more than 4,000 steel pipe piles, which is the highest in the history of bridge construction in China.

The concept of landscape design was first introduced into the design of this bridge. With the help of the aesthetic concept of "Long Bridge Lying on the Wave" in Su Causeway of West Lake, the landscape designer determined the general layout principle of the bridge in combination with the hydrological environment characteristics of Hangzhou Bay and the psychological factors of drivers and passengers while driving. The plane of the whole bridge is S-shaped curve, and the overall linear shape is beautiful and lively. Viewed from the side, the navigation hole bridge of the North-South Waterway is arched and has an undulating elevation shape.

1.7km south of Nanhang Road, about 14km from the south bank, there is an offshore platform with an area of1.2000 square meters. During the construction period, the platform will serve as a living base for offshore operators and a platform for maritime rescue, survey, communication and maritime monitoring. After the completion of the bridge, this platform in the sea is a rescue platform for maritime traffic services and an excellent sightseeing platform for tourism and leisure.

Bridge characteristics

The high technology content is first reflected in the construction technology. We insist on respecting science and relying on experts to carry out extensive technical consultation and exchange activities. According to experts' opinions, the construction decision-making design is put forward, and the construction scheme of prefabrication, factory, large-scale and offshore construction changing into onshore construction is adopted, which breaks through the long-standing concept that design determines construction. The largest component for precast hoisting is a prestressed concrete box girder with a length of 70m, a width of16m, a height of 4.0m and a weight of 2180t, and the longest component is an ultra-long steel pipe pile with a length of 84m and a diameter of1.6m, which is called chinese odyssey. In order to reduce the corrosion of chloride ions in seawater on bridge reinforcement and concrete and ensure the service life of the bridge 100 years, the designer has specially formulated an effective scheme to prevent seawater corrosion. Wait, we can see the high-tech content of bridge engineering.

Hangzhou Bay Bridge will be a "digital bridge". Scientific research units will use hardware and interface technology, network and database technology, image graphics technology, artificial intelligence technology, computational mathematics, finite element technology, mechanics and other disciplines to establish a scientific evaluation system for bridge design, construction and maintenance. The whole bridge will be equipped with a central monitoring system, and 1 km monitors will be installed on average. In this way, not only can the bridge be scientifically and reasonably maintained and managed, but also the health status of the bridge can be grasped in real time. At present, this project has applied to the Ministry of Communications for the key scientific research project of bridge engineering 17, which is also rare in the domestic bridge industry.

The longest bridge 1, Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge is 36 kilometers long, ranking first among the cross-sea bridges under construction in the world.

2. Hangzhou Bay Bridge is located in a strongly corrosive marine environment. In order to ensure the service life of bridges, the durability requirement that the design service life is greater than or equal to 100 years is explicitly put forward for the first time in China.

3. The "Erection on Beam" technology of the 50m box girder of the Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge has increased the erection and transportation weight from 900 tons to 1.430 tons, setting a new record for bridge construction with similar technology and topography in the world.

4. The superstructure of Hangzhou Bay Bridge in deep water area adopts 70m prestressed concrete box girder prefabrication and maritime transportation technology. In order to solve the engineering problem of early cracking of large concrete box girder, the "secondary tensioning technology" was creatively put forward and implemented, which completely solved the "stubborn disease" of this project.

5. The maximum diameter of steel pipe pile of Hangzhou Bay Bridge is 1.6m, the maximum length of single pile is 89m, and the maximum weight is 74t, creating the largest steel pipe pile with large diameter and super-long full spiral bridge at home and abroad.

6. There is a large amount of shallow methane under the south bank of Hangzhou Bay Bridge 10 km beach, which poses a serious threat to construction safety. In the construction of bored piles in tidal flat area, the safe construction technology of controllable deflation is creatively adopted, and its construction technology is the first in the world under similar geographical conditions.

System Innovation Hangzhou Bay Bridge is the first national super-large transportation infrastructure project with local private enterprises as the main body and an investment of over 10 billion yuan. The capital of the bridge is 3.85 billion yuan, of which private capital accounts for more than 50%. * * * There are 17 private enterprises in the province, which have invested in shares with the increasing economic strength. It can be said that the investment system and construction mode of the bridge project have made positive and beneficial explorations in broadening the investment field of private capital, establishing an investment model combining private capital with state-owned capital, and realizing the "win-win" operation mechanism between the government and enterprises.

Technical Innovation 1, Overall Design of Hangzhou Bay Bridge

The total length of Hangzhou Bay Bridge is 36 kilometers, and the construction conditions are very bad. In order to ensure the safety and quality of offshore construction, design and construction must be considered comprehensively. After many investigations and expert consultations at home and abroad, the general principles of construction decision-making design were formulated, and the offshore construction was changed to onshore construction as far as possible, and the design and construction principles of factory, large-scale and mechanization were adopted.

2. Complete sets of technologies for design, manufacture, anti-corrosion and construction of large-diameter and super-long steel pipe piles.

The steel pipe pile foundation of this bridge has the characteristics of long pile length, large diameter and large quantity. Piles are 89m long, with diameters of1.5m and1.6m, totaling 5474. Through nearly one year's construction of steel pipe pile foundation, the progress is fast and the quality is good, which proves that this choice is correct.

Its innovation points are: prefabrication of super-long whole pile; Internal and external spiral welding; Three layers of molten epoxy powder are not coated; Automatic submerged arc welding process: welding with large diameter and unequal wall thickness; Sacrificial anode cathodic protection.

3. Integral prefabrication of large-tonnage 70m prestressed box girder and erection technology of maritime transportation in strong tidal waters.

Its innovations are as follows: (1) The mix proportion of marine durable concrete is studied; Analysis of local structure of 70m box girder: Vacuum-assisted grouting technology: Vibration bridging equipment for long-span and high flatness bridge deck construction is developed. The early tensioning process was adopted for the first time and achieved good results. A world-class 2,400-ton hydraulic suspension wheel-rail 70-meter box girder longitudinal moving trolley was designed and manufactured by ourselves.

4. Precast and erection technology of large-tonnage 50-meter prestressed box girder.

Its innovation lies in: combining with the construction scheme, the key structure of large-tonnage whole-hole box girder is optimized; Research and practice of marine durable concrete performance: vacuum grouting test and practice of prestressed pipeline: comprehensive technology of box girder bridge erecting machine.

5. Study on durability of concrete structures in marine environment.

Its innovation lies in: (1) establishing reliable electrical parameters of steel bar corrosion and the change criterion of output optical power; Developing dynamic prediction software of concrete structure life; Formulate the design scheme of long-term original observation system for durability of bridge concrete structure, and cooperate with the implementation of the project schedule. This technology will fill the domestic gap.

6. Research on key technologies of all-weather operation measurement and control of cross-sea bridge.

Its innovations are: the continuous operation of GPS reference station, its successful application on Hangzhou Bay Bridge, and the rules and regulations formed in practice, which make up the gap of Chinese bridges; The current code does not meet the corresponding standard for establishing the projection coordinate system of tens of kilometers long sea-crossing bridge. Aiming at the particularity of Hangzhou Bay sea-crossing bridge, the solution is made, which provides a reference for formulating the corresponding code. The transition surface fitting method is creatively put forward, which makes the accuracy of GPS fitting elevation at sea reach the third-class accuracy. The continuous multi-span cross-sea elevation penetration survey is carried out by using the ranging triangle height method combined with GPS fitting height method, which creates a fast mid-sea elevation penetration survey method. A large-scale bridge surveying and mapping data management system based on B/S mode is developed by using GIS technology for the first time in China.

7. Study on the river model and pier local scour of Hangzhou Bay Bridge.

In August, 2002, through expert group appraisal, the research results reached the international advanced level, among which the simulation method and test technology of solid model tidal bore, distributed muddy water tidal system and Gaza system of sediment changing with tidal bore reached the international advanced level. In 2004, he won the second prize of Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award.

8. Study on the influence of disastrous weather on traffic safety of cross-sea bridge and its countermeasures.

The main innovations are: determining the wind speed standard for safe driving of vehicles; Conduct research on all types of disaster weather; Put forward the traffic safety guarantee measures of Hangzhou Bay cross-sea bridge; Systematic research based on meteorological monitoring system, forecasting system and road management system; Formulate road traffic control standards under different disaster weather conditions; Develop data acquisition equipment such as low-cost sensors; Develop computer software integrating data transmission, data processing and information release. At present, a series of intermediate results have been achieved, among which the wind barrier scheme recommended in the report will be implemented soon.

9. Information management technology of cross-sea bridge construction

Its innovation lies in: the whole bridge structure is decomposed into 22,949 structural members, and 625 tables of collected data are associated with them, providing a complete structured data retrieval method; Integrate and unify engineering communication and network construction, greatly reducing the cost of basic network construction; Realize remote multipoint wireless video image transmission and loopback.

The software development of the system has been completed and put into operation for more than one year, which has played a great role in the project implementation.

Five of the above-mentioned scientific and technological innovation achievements have passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Communications, and the achievements have reached the international leading level in general, which provides reference for similar bridge construction in China.

The role of the bridge Hangzhou Bay is located in the Yangtze River Delta, which is the most dynamic and economically developed area in China. The construction of Hangzhou Bay Bridge has far-reaching strategic significance for the economic and social development of the whole region.

1. directly promotes the economic and social development of Ningbo and Jiaxing, and promotes the development of surrounding areas such as Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Zhoushan and Wenzhou, which has a positive impact on the overall development of the whole province and even the southern wing of the Yangtze River Delta. According to statistics, the GDP of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shaoxing and Taizhou accounts for more than 70% of the province. The project construction will make the development of these areas even more powerful, inject new vitality into the further development of regional economy and society, and play a greater role in improving the overall comprehensive strength of the province. The bridge project has not been fully started, and the "bridge economy" has been surging in Cixi City, Yuyao City and Haiyan County of Jiaxing on both sides of Hangzhou Bay. On the basis of scientific planning of the new area, the first phase of development presents a booming scene, and investors have settled here.

2. Actively connect with Shanghai to open wider to the outside world, promote cooperation and exchanges in the Yangtze River Delta region, and further enhance the comprehensive competitiveness and international competitiveness of our province. As the largest economic center city in China, Shanghai is an important platform for China's internationalization. In the new century and new stage, Ningbo should build a modern international port city and achieve great economic development and leap forward. It is necessary to integrate with Shanghai, integrate into the Yangtze River Delta and move towards internationalization. The construction of the bridge will greatly shorten the time and space distance between the southeast coast of Zhejiang and Shanghai, and make our province integrate into the international metropolis economic circle in a larger scope, at a higher level and with superior location advantages. This has a far-reaching positive effect on radiating the vast hinterland of our province, optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure, improving the investment and development environment, attracting foreign investment and improving comprehensive competitiveness. The construction of Hangzhou Bay Bridge will create more favorable conditions for optimizing the development environment and further attracting and utilizing foreign capital.

3. It is conducive to promoting the urbanization development strategy. The construction of the bridge will further strengthen the links between Jiaxing, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou, promote the formation of Hangzhou Bay urban continuous belt and coastal open plate in our province, and make this area an important part of the internationally competitive metropolitan group led by Shanghai. At the same time, the construction of the bridge will also have a far-reaching impact on the urbanization development of surrounding counties and cities. Cixi, Haiyan and other places aim at this once-in-a-lifetime strategic opportunity, have scientific planning ideas, attract population and industry gathering, and promote the rise of new districts and new cities.

4. As the first cross-sea bridge in China coastal corridor, it broke through the bottleneck of Hangzhou Bay, optimized the layout of national trunk road network, changed the situation of Ningbo's transportation hub, facilitated the implementation of the regional development strategic network around Hangzhou Bay, and greatly enhanced the competitiveness of Ningbo, an economic center city with great development potential. The construction of the bridge is also conducive to supporting the construction of Shanghai international shipping center, promoting the integrated development and utilization of Ningbo and Zhoushan deep-water port resources, promoting the development of tourism and national defense construction, and alleviating the traffic pressure of Hangzhou transit (Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway).

The Olympic torch relay may pass through this bridge.

In China, there may not be a bridge that can be associated with the Olympic Games. Hangzhou Bay Bridge has become the only bridge related to the Olympic Games.

According to the regulations of the Torch Relay Center of the Olympic Organizing Committee, the torch must enter a province and travel 500 kilometers every day, which must be completed within 3 days.

According to the news from Ningbo Sports Bureau, Ningbo preferred the torch relay scheme, that is, taking the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. BOCOG staff will send people to Zhejiang to inspect the feasibility of the torch relay route after seeing the torch relay route plan in Zhejiang Province.

"If approved by the Olympic Organizing Committee, this young sea-crossing bridge will go down in history forever."

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