Ma Yong's Classical Chinese Essays

1. Translation of "Xu Heng" in classical Chinese

Xu Heng. Enjoy crossing Heyang in the summer heat. Very much. There are pears in the road. Everyone eats it. Heng Duwei sits under the tree. Or ask. say. Take it for what it is not. No. People say. The world is in chaos and there is no master. say. The pear has no owner. My heart has no owner. All funerals and marriages. Must be conquered by etiquette. Scholars in his hometown are prosperous. Some fruits are ripe and rotten and fall to the ground. The boy passed it. Nor looked away. This is how his family behaved. The emperor wants to see him. Say goodbye to illness. After death. Scholars from all over gathered together and wept. People from thousands of miles away come to offer sacrifices to those who are crying in their graves. Posthumous title Wenzheng. (Biography of Xu Heng)

Translation:

Xu Heng was born in Hanoi (today's north of the Yellow River in Henan Province) in the Yuan Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zhongping. He was erudite and taught well, and many people came to follow him. He studies. He inscribed a plaque on his study called "Lu Zhai".

In his early years, Xu Heng once fled with many people. After passing through Heyang, the weather was hot due to the long journey, and his throat was dry and thirsty. His companions found a pear tree near the road with fruit on it. There were many pears, and everyone rushed to pick pears to quench their thirst. Only Xu Heng was sitting upright under the tree, not even moving. Everyone felt strange, and someone asked Xu Heng: "Why don't you pick pears?" Come and eat?" Xu Heng replied: "The pear tree is not mine, how can I just pick it and eat it?" The man said, "The current situation is so chaotic, everyone is fleeing. This pear tree, I'm afraid there is no owner anymore, so why should I care?" Xu Heng said; "Even if the pear tree has no owner, doesn't my heart also have an owner?"

During funerals and weddings, good and bad etiquette must be followed. After this, all the people in the township were influenced, and the custom of studying in the township gradually became more and more popular.

Whenever the fruits of the fruit trees in the village are ripe and fall to the ground, the children in the village pass by without even looking at them. The villagers teach their children not to be greedy. psychology. Xu Heng's virtues spread throughout the world, and the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty heard about it and wanted to appoint Xu Heng as prime minister. However, Xu Heng did not seek glory and wealth, so he resigned due to illness.

Later, after his death, people from all over the world came to gather in front of the soul and weep bitterly. Some people came from thousands of miles away to pay homage and weep under the tomb. The emperor gave him the posthumous title "Wenzheng".

※The ancients said: "A righteous man will not deceive his heart, and an honest man will not take anything rashly." Let's look at Xu Heng, he would rather endure the pain of thirst, not let go of a single thought of greed, and keep his conscience in his heart. Like a rope, we strictly adhere to the Confucian integrity and the Buddhist precept not to steal, which is truly pure and perfect. His sound personality not only spreads to the whole village, but also inspires the whole world. When he passed away, people from all over the world gathered to mourn and pay homage, which is a testament to the profound and touching virtues in his life! 2. Li Chang Chuan Classical Chinese Translation

Li Chang Chuan

Li Chang was named Gong Ze and was a native of Jianchang, Nankang. When he was young, he studied in the White Stone Monk's House in Mount Lu. After becoming a Jinshi, he left behind nine thousand volumes of copied books and named the monk Li's Shanfang. He was transferred to Jiangzhou judge and Xuanzhou observation officer. Yang Zuo, the shipping envoy, planned to recommend him to change his official rank. Li Chang recommended his friend Liu Qi. Yang Zuo said: "There has been no such trend in the world for a long time." They recommended them together.

In the early years of Xining, he served as the school manager of Mi Pavilion. Wang Anshi was friendly with Li Chang and appointed him as the prosecutor of the third department of regulations, and changed his appointment to Youzhengyan and Zhijianyuan. Wang Anshi enacted a new law, and Li Chang participated in the discussion. He did not want Qingmiao to collect interest money. At this time, he divided it and said: "When the three regulations departments were first established, they had already caused discussion at home and abroad. As for the equal loss and Qingmiao laws, collecting and distributing interest , attached to the meaning of the scriptures, people were shocked, it was just like Wang Mang trivially analyzing fragments of "Zhou Guan" to poison the world!" After Wang Anshi saw it, he sent his trusted followers to inform him of the main idea, but Li Chang did not stop for this. He also said: "The prefectures and counties scattered Changping money, but actually did not pay the capital, and extorted the people's interest money." Shenzong asked Wang Anshi, and Wang Anshi asked Li Chang to order Li Chang to identify the principal offenders of the officials. Li Chang believed that this was not in line with the system of admonishing officials, and he was dismissed from the school. Tong San Huazhou. He was reinstated more than a year later and was appointed magistrate of Ezhou, then moved to Hu and Qi prefectures. There are many thieves in Qizhou, and there is no empty day for retribution. Li Chang caught cunning thieves and promoted them to soldiers. He made his subordinates know all the places where thieves gathered, broke all the houses and pulled out their foundations. In half a year, he killed 700 people, leaving no place for evildoers to hide. . He was transferred to the Huainan West Road Tidian Prison. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), he was called Taichang Shaoqing and promoted to Minister of Rites.

After Zhezong came to the throne, Li Chang was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs. Some people suspected that he lacked talent and magnanimity and were worried that he was not qualified for the job. Zhezong asked Sima Guang. Sima Guang said: "If Li Chang is used to be in charge of national finances, then people will know that the court is not in a hurry to collect profits, and the accumulation of money will be calmed down a little." Li Chang was right and wrote seven things, calling for advocating integrity and shame, preserving rural elections, not guarding the prime minister, and abolishing corruption. , try the doubtful prison, select Confucian masters, and practice military service. At that time, there was no decision on whether to make the law poor or exempt from the two subjects. Li Chang believed: "The law is neither old nor new, but it is convenient for the people. Regardless of others, it is correct for the long term. Now if the people all contribute, it will be difficult for the poor; If everyone contributes, the rich will be embarrassed and everyone will follow their own wishes." So the compromise was presented in separate lists. The emperor pardoned Shi Yi from those who owed less than 200 yuan, but Li Chang asked for interest and refused to charge more than 200 yuan.

He was awarded the title of Censor Zhongcheng, concurrently serving as an attendant, and a direct bachelor of Jialong Tuge. When Li Chang discussed recruiting scholars, he divided them into two subjects: poetry and classics, so as to make full use of their strengths. At first, the Yellow River broke out at Xiaowu, and the deputies planned to divert the Yellow River from Suncunkou back to its old river course. At this time, labor service began to rise. Li Chang said: "Jingdong and Hebei are hungry and sleepy, and it is not suitable to divert the Yellow River." The imperial edict was issued to lift the labor service.

The admonisher Liu Anshi believed that the poems delivered to Cai Que by Wu Chuhou were slanderous about the government, so he vigorously attacked Cai Que. Li Chang wrote a book about using poetry to punish Cai Que, but this was not a way to uphold customs. Liu Anshi impeached Li Chang together and was transferred to the Ministry of War. He resigned and did not take office, and was appointed as the magistrate of Dengzhou. He moved to Chengdu and died suddenly on the way to Shaanxi at the age of sixty-four. There are sixty volumes of collected works and memorials, ten volumes of "Shi Biography", and thirty volumes of "Yuan... Accounting Records".

Li Chang was one year older than Sun Jue, and he began to be as famous as Sun Jue, and both were appreciated by Lu Gongzhu. Their discussion interests were largely the same, and their final official positions were also the same. They died just one night apart. 3. Reading of Wang Sengru's Biography in Classical Chinese

Wang Sengqian was born in Linyi, Langxie. When he was a few years old, his uncle Hong gathered all his descendants. Hong's son, Sengda, went to the ground to dance in a opera, while monk Qian sat alone and picked candles and beads for the phoenix. Hong said: "This son will eventually become an elder."

The monk is pious and good at official script. Xiaowu wanted to be good at writing books, but Monk Qian didn't dare to show his name. He often wrote with a dig pen, which shows his appearance. In Taishizhong, he was the general of the auxiliary state and the prefect of Wuxing. Wang Xianzhi's ② good calligraphy was called Wuxing County, and monk Qiangong's calligraphy was also called a county, commentators called it.

Taizu was good at writing, and he was very happy when he came to the throne. After finishing the book gambling with Seng Qian, he asked Seng Qian: "Who is the first?" Seng Qian said: "I am the first in the book, and your Majesty is also the first." The superior smiled and said: "You can be said to be good at making plans for yourself." The monk worshiped the ancient monuments for eleven years, and asked to be able to write people's names. A volume called "Ability to Write Names of People" written by Seng Qian Shang Yangxin.

Seng Qian's "Lun Shu" said: Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty wrote a book that was as respectful as the prince's. The commentator at the time said that "Natural is better than Yang Xin, but his kung fu is less than Xin." The late great-grandfather led the army to write a letter, and Youjun ③ said, "My brother's letter will not reduce me." When Yu Zheng was a scholar in the West Wing, he was as famous as You Jun when he was young. When the Right Army advanced behind him, Yu was still unhappy. In Jingzhou, he wrote to his subordinates in the capital and said: "The younger generation all learned from Yi Shao Shu, so I am the one who deserves to compare with them." Wang Youjun wrote from his list, Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty ordered Zhang Yi to write an effect, which was no different, so he answered the question afterwards. The right army was not separated at the time. After a long time, he realized that "Zhang Yi, a villain, almost wants to deceive the truth." Zhang Zhi and Erwei were named after the previous generation. It is impossible to distinguish their merits and demerits, only their writing power is astonishing. When Yang Xin's calligraphy came to his attention, he was respected by his son. He was particularly good at calligraphy, so he was not named. Kong Lin's book is naturally indulgent and very powerful, but the rules are probably behind Yang Xin. Thank you Zongshu for hating Shaomei. Xie Lingyun is unlucky, and when it matches, he will also be in the flow. Yu Xin learned from the Right Army, but also wanted to disrupt the truth. (Based on "Book of Southern Qi")

Notes: ① Digging pen: Bald pen. ②Wang Xianzhi: Zijing, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, famous for his running script and cursive script. ③Right Army: General of the Right Army. Wang Xizhi (alias Yishao), a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once held this position and was known as "Wang Youjun".

1. Among the following sentences, the one with the incorrect interpretation of the bold word is ( )

A. You will eventually be an elder: an older person

B. The right army lags behind: later grows up

C. Natural indulgence and indulgence: unrestrained

D. Also has to enter the stream: be included in the stream

p>

2. Among the following groups of sentences, the one with the same meaning and usage of the words in bold is ( )

A. Commonly used in digging pen scripts to see the appearance/Yang Xinshu Seeing Zhongyi for a while

B. Answered after the question/Zheng Nai didn’t name it

C. The right army was not separated at the time, and it took a long time to realize that/Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling

D. It is impossible to distinguish between its merits and demerits/all of them are beautiful in Xu Gong

3. Which of the following interpretations of the sentences in the article does not conform to the meaning of the text is ( )

< p> A. Uncle Hong gathered the children together, and Hong's son Sengda went to the ground to dance and perform

(His) uncle Wang Hong gathered the children together, and Wang Hong's son Wang Sengda was jumping and playing on the ground

p>

B. Taizu was good at calligraphy, and when he came to the throne, he loved it very much

Taizu was good at calligraphy, and when he came to the throne, he still loved calligraphy deeply

C. You can be said to be good at making plans for yourself

You can be said to be good at making plans for yourself

D. The late great-grandfather led the army in writing, and Youjun said, "My brother's writing will not reduce me" < /p>

(My) late great-grandfather Wang Lingjun wrote a letter. Wang Xizhi said, "My brother did not abandon me when he wrote a letter."

4. One of the following understandings and analyzes does not conform to the meaning of the text. Yes ( )

A. In order to protect himself in front of Emperor Xiaowu, Wang Sengqian did not hesitate to write with a bald pen to cover up his calligraphy skills.

B. Wang Xianzhi and Wang Sengqian were both good at calligraphy, and both served as county governors of Wuxing, so they were well-known.

C. Yu Yi, the general who conquered the West, was as famous as Wang Xizhi in calligraphy, and many juniors came to learn from Yu Yi.

D. Zhang Yi and Yu Xin imitated Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, almost to the extent that they were fake and real.

5. The article says that "Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty's calligraphy can be compared to the prince's respect, and the commentators at the time said that 'he is naturally better than Yang Xin, but his skill is less than Xin'", which means "Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty's calligraphy, he said, is good Compared with Wang Xianzhi, the reviewers at the time said that "(Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty) was more talented than Yang Xin, and his level of calligraphy art was not as good as Yang Xin'". Please discuss your understanding of the relationship between "natural" and "kung fu" based on your reading accumulation.

(No less than 200 words)

1.A

2.A

3.D

4.C

5. Analyze the relationship between "nature" and "kung fu" based on personal reading accumulation. 4. Reading answers to the classical Chinese biography of Zheng Jun

The original text of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty·The Biography of Zheng Jun

Zheng Jun, whose courtesy name was Zhongyu, was a native of Rencheng, Dongping. Few good pornographic and old books. My brother is a county official, and he is very popular with rituals. He refuses to listen to his advice. That is to say, he left his job as a servant. After he was more than a year old, he got money and silk and returned it to his brother. He said: "Everything can be recovered. If you sit for an official, you will give it up for life." The brother felt his words and became honest. They all love justice, raise widows and orphans, and are kind and courteous. It is often called the sick family court, and should not be summoned by the state or county. The county general's desire will definitely be followed, so the county magistrate will trick the general to reach the gate. Once he arrives, he will not be able to surrender. They all came to Puyang as guests.

In the third year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Situ Bao Yu proposed it. Later, he bluntly stated that he was not successful. Six years, bus characteristics. Then he moved to Shangshu and received many loyal suggestions, which Suzong respected. Later, he begged for his bones because of his illness, paid homage to Yilang, and returned home. Since he was said to be seriously ill, the emperor gave him clothes and crowns.

In the first year of Yuanhe, an edict was issued to Lujiang Prefect and Dongping Prime Minister, saying: "Yi Lang Zheng Jun, Xiu Xiu An Poverty, be respectful and frugal, keep secrets beforehand, use illness to become an official, and be good and honest. The yellow hair is not idle. He went to Anyi to order Mao Yi, and he was humble and polite. He was honest and clean, and the book said: "Zhang Jue is always good." , Yigu each has a thousand dendrobium, and in August, the chief official often gives sheep and wine to show his extraordinary deeds. "Next year, the emperor visited Rencheng in the east, but he was lucky enough to give the minister a salary to live his life. His nickname is "Shang Shu in White". In Yongyuanzhong, he died at home.

The Book of the Later Han·Zheng Junzhuan Translation

Zheng Jun, whose courtesy name was Zhongyu, was a native of Rencheng, Dongping. When I was young, I loved Huang Lao's books. My brother is a county official and accepts many gifts from others. Zheng Jun repeatedly tried to stop him, but he refused to listen. Zheng Jun left his job and worked for others. After more than a year, he got money and silk and returned it to his brother. He said: "When things are used up, you can get them again. If you commit corruption and commit crimes for officials, your life will be over." My brother was grateful for his words, and he became honest and honest in the future. Zheng Junhao is a responsible person who takes care of his widowed sister-in-law and orphans. He is kind and courteous. It is often said that he is staying at home due to illness and should not be called up by the state or county. The county magistrate insisted that he go, so the magistrate falsely claimed that he would come to his home. Zheng Jun went to the magistrate's house immediately, but the county magistrate failed to make him surrender in the end. Zheng Jun then hid in Puyang as a guest.

In the third year of Jianchu (78), Situ Baoyu recruited him, but he later admitted that he had not arrived. In the sixth year of his reign, the emperor moved to the minister's office again and gave many loyal words of advice. Suzong respected him very much. Later, he asked to retire because of his illness. He became Yilang and returned home. Because he was seriously ill, the emperor gave him clothes.

In the first year of Yuanhe (84 years), an edict was issued to the governor of Lujiang and the prime minister of Dongping: "Yi Lang Zheng Jun, he was responsible for cultivating the poor, being thrifty and tidy, keeping secrets beforehand, and retired due to illness. He is good and honest, and his hair is not lazy. He also went to Anyi to order Mao Yi, who was humble and resigned, and his behavior was pure. "Shangshu" does not say that "recognizing those who have great virtues is good governance." It is appropriate to give Zheng Jun and Mao Yigu each a thousand dendrobium, and often give condolences to the official in August, and give sheep and wine to show this unusual behavior." In the second year, the emperor visited Rencheng in the east, and visited Zheng Jun's house in person, and ordered him to give Minister Lu. He spent his whole life, so people at that time called him "Shang Shu in White". Yongyuanzhong died at home. 5. The Biography of Lu Dazhong, classical Chinese translation

The original text and translation of "History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Lu Dazhong"----Greysky's paragraph-by-paragraph translation for reference Dazhong's courtesy name is Jin Bo.

After ascending to the rank, he became the Huayin Wei and the Jincheng Order. Han Jiang promoted Shaanxi and promoted Yongxing Road's righteousness and bravery with great loyalty.

Change the title of Secretary Cheng and review the writings of Privy Council officials and military chambers. The order is righteous, courageous and beneficial.

A great piece of advice: "Raising an army is a poor thing, and the country's use is getting better. The Han Dynasty's military field and the Tang Dynasty's military force are good practices. Archers are closer to the military field, and righteousness and bravery are closer to the government soldiers. Choose one to use, and the soldiers will be better." Tun can be saved."

To sign a letter to appoint the national army judge. Translation: Lu Dazhong, courtesy name Jin Bo.

Those who passed the imperial examination were appointed as Huayin Wei and Jincheng Order. When Han Jiang promulgated the rule of Shaanxi, he led the Yongxing Road Volunteer Army with Lu Dazhong as the leader.

Later he was appointed Secretary Cheng, inspecting the writings of the Privy Council officials and the back room. Let Lu Dazhong analyze the pros and cons of the volunteer army.

Lu Dazhong said: "The country has too many soldiers, and the country's finances are becoming more and more difficult. The farming system of the Han Dynasty and the government army system of the Tang Dynasty are both good solutions. Today's archer unit system It is close to the field system, and the volunteer army system is close to the government army system. If you choose a good way to use it, you can save a lot of money in the army."

Lu Dazhong was appointed as the judge for signing the national army. In Xining, Wang Anshi discussed sending envoys and setting up a border to seal the ditch. Dazhong and Fan Yu were ordered to bid farewell.

Great loyalty and Chen Wuwei are not allowed, thinking that if they care for foreign countries and their kindness and trust are inconsistent, they will definitely cause trouble. Don't give up.

Ling and Liu Chen envoyed Khitan to discuss behalf of the Northern Territory, but his father would be killed. After resurrecting, he knew Daizhou.

The Khitan envoys Xiao Su and Liang Ying came to the dynasty and set up the throne. According to the chairman, Dazhong fought with him and moved the throne to the north of the Great Wall. Change to Xishangge gate envoy and know Shizhou.

Dazhongshu met with Su and Ying, and whenever they discussed it, he repeatedly tried to reason with it, and Su and Ying gave in slightly. Xiao Xi has been sent back to the north to ask for help. Shenzong summons the governor and Dazhong to discuss it sincerely, and will invite him.

Dazhong said: "He sent an envoy five hundred miles away from the land. What would happen if King Yingbi of Wei came to ask for Guannan?" Shenzong said: "What do you say?

He said to him, "Since your Majesty thinks otherwise, I'm afraid you can't start the process." "

Chen said: "These words of great loyalty and great plans for the country, I hope your Majesty will think about them carefully. "The ruler knows that he cannot be taken away, and the deliberation is unresolved. After giving up his enthusiasm, he returns to the three divisions, and the great loyalty is finally lost.

Later, the watershed was used as the boundary. Translation: During the Xining period, Wang Anshi proposed to send an envoy When they went to various prefectures to reestablish the boundaries of the feudal territories, Lu Dazhong and Fan Yu were appointed as envoys. Both of them refused to travel.

Lu Dazhong wrote a letter stating five reasons for his objections, believing that it was a kindness to care for other countries. Improper use of Xinyi will definitely lead to disaster, so the imperial court exempted him from the appointment.

He was also ordered to go to Khitan with Liu Chen to discuss matters in Daibei, which happened to be his father's. He died (without being sent as an envoy). He was later re-appointed as the magistrate of Daizhou.

Khitan envoys Xiao Su and Liang Ying arrived at Daizhou and set up tents, but they wanted to occupy the main position. Lu Dazhong and them occupied the throne. Feeling anxious, they moved their base to the north of the Great Wall. Lu Dazhong later became the envoy of Xishanggemen and the magistrate of Shizhou.

Lu Dazhong met with Xiao Su and Liang Ying many times, and they often negotiated with each other. After convincing them with reason, Xiao Su and Liang Ying made some concessions. Later, the Khitan sent Xiao Xi to ask for the cession of the Daibei area (to them). Emperor Shenzong summoned the ruling ministers to discuss the matter with Lu Dazhong and Liu Chen, intending to agree to their request. .

Lu Dazhong said: "They send an envoy and give them five hundred miles of land. What if they send Wei Wang Yingbi to ask for the cession of the Guannan area? Shenzong said, "What are you talking about?" Lu Dazhong replied: "Although your Majesty does not agree with my words, I am still worried that I cannot make this opening." "

Liu Chen said: "Lu Dazhong's words are in line with the plan of stabilizing the country. I hope your majesty will consider his words carefully. "The ruling ministers knew that their views could not be changed and the discussions were ultimately fruitless, so they dismissed Liu Chen and asked him to return to serve in the Third Division. Lu Dazhong also ended his mourning.

In the end, the two countries used the watershed as the boundary. Yuan Fengzhong, a magistrate of Hebei Province, said: "The ancients managed finances and regarded the world as one family.

The imperial court is a family, and the outsiders are brothers. Although their residences are different, their wealth is the same. Today, there is a secretary who only knows the name of the cashier. He has more than enough and deficiencies, but he has not yet reported the truth to the superiors.

Therefore, if you have more than you need, take it, and if you don’t have enough, don’t give it away, which is a big disaster. "These are the twelve things to do to make money and support the people.

He moved to Huaixi Prison. At that time, the river was cut off, locusts were a disaster, and the loyal people came to the opposite side. They discussed it extremely and ordered him to return to his old official. < /p>

Translation: During the Yuanfeng period, Lu Dazhong was appointed as the magistrate of Hebei Province. He said: "In ancient times, when managing finances, we treated the world as one family. The imperial court is like home, and the various places under management are like brothers. Although their positions are different, there are no differences in finances.

Nowadays, the competent authorities only know the empty names of expenditures and incomes, and where they are surplus and deficient, but they have not told the emperor the truth. Therefore, wherever there is surplus, we collect it from there, and we do not make up for the shortage. This is really a huge hidden danger. "

So he wrote twelve things about making money and supporting the people. He was reassigned to Tidian Huaixi Prison.

At that time, there was another locust plague on the Yellow River embankment, and Lu Dazhong He entered the court to answer the emperor's inquiry and discussed the disaster in great detail. The emperor issued an edict to reinstate him. At the beginning of Yuanyou, he was appointed as a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, deputy envoy of Shaanxi transportation, and knew Shaanxi Province. He also knew Qinzhou through Zhilong Tuge. , went to Baowen Pavilion to be punished.

The Xia people committed crimes against Linfu and Huanqing, so they wanted to send an envoy to apologize. If you are tired, you will obey. This Yang is respectful, but you are really afraid of attack.

It is advisable to order the ministers at the border to interrogate him about the reason for his coming. If I ask you to comply, he will be able to spy on me. " Translation: In the early years of Yuanyou, Lu Dazhong successively served as a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, deputy envoy of Shaanxi transfer, and governor of Shaanzhou. He was appointed as the governor of Qinzhou as Zhilong Tuge, and was promoted to the post of Baowen Pavilion.

Xixia After the people invaded Linfu and Huanqing, the Song Dynasty stopped giving Xixia coins. Xixia planned to send an envoy to apologize (to request the restoration of the coins), and Emperor Shenzong was ready to agree to it: "The Xixia people will indulge themselves when they are strong. They obeyed when they were weak. Now they appear to be respectful, but in fact they are afraid of crusade.

Border officials should be ordered to blame them for why they came. If we agree as soon as they ask, the Xixia people will see through our lies. "At that time, the people in the county were buying millet, and the powerful families had the control to control it.

Dazhong selected his officials from Dan and put them into the warehouse. Even if they were fighting for promotion, they would accept it without causing any obstruction. The people were happy and fought for their fortunes. The grain was in the warehouse, and the money was lost.

Translation: At that time, the county government purchased the grain of the Bai family, and the wealthy family took the opportunity to control it (seeking selfishness). Lu Dazhong selected his colleagues to join him early in the morning. He went into the official warehouse (to purchase grain) and accepted even if it was only a dou or a liter, without any hindrance to the harvest.

The people were overjoyed and rushed to transport the grain to the official warehouse (for sale). Take the money and leave. 6. Classical Chinese translation of Ling Guan's biography

Translation:

Ah! Although the law of ups and downs is determined by destiny, isn't it also related to human affairs? You can understand this by exploring the reasons why Zhuangzong of Tang Dynasty gained the world and lost it. It is said that when King Jin was about to die, he gave Zhuangzong three arrows and told him: "Liang Chao is my enemy.

The King of Yan was raised by me, and the Khitan and I also agreed to become brothers, but they both betrayed us and submitted to the Liang Dynasty. These three are the hateful things I left behind! Now I give you three arrows. Don't forget your father's unfulfilled wish! Zhuangzong accepted the three arrows and enshrined them in the ancestral temple. After he sent troops to fight, he sent his subordinates to the ancestral temple to pray to the King of Jin, and asked for the arrows, put them in the brocade bag, and put them on people's shoulders. Carrying it on his back, he walked at the front of the team. After returning in triumph, he returned it to the ancestral temple.

When he tied up the father and son of King Yan with a rope, he put the heads of the Liang Dynasty monarchs in boxes and sent them away. When he entered the ancestral temple, returned the arrow to the late king, and reported the news of success to the dead, his strong spirit was truly spectacular. By the time the enemies had been wiped out and the world was at peace, yet one man shouted at night, and rebels were everywhere. In response, Cang Huang had no choice but to flee eastward. Before he met the rebels, the army had already dispersed. The monarchs and ministers looked at each other blankly, not knowing where to go. They even cut off their hair, swore to God, and wet their clothes with tears. , what a decline! Is it because it is difficult to gain the world and easy to lose? Or is the process of success and failure due to human factors?

"Shangshu" says: "Satisfaction will cause harm?" , humility can be replenished. "Vigilance and diligence can revitalize the country, while ease and comfort can cost lives. This is a natural principle. Therefore, when he is strong, none of the heroes in the world can compete with him. When he declines, dozens of actors He came to trouble him, but he lost his life and was ridiculed by the world.

It can be seen that disasters are often accumulated in trivial things, and smart and brave people are often troubled by indulging in hobbies. Is it just that? Can an actor cause disaster? 7. Li Gou's biography

Excerpted from "History of the Song Dynasty: Li Xun, Li Fangzi, Li Jue, Li Zhicai, Li Gou, Li Daozhuan, Li Xinzhuan":

Li Gou, courtesy name Tai Bo was a native of Nancheng, Jianchang Army. He was good at speaking and writing, and he was a prolific scholar. He supported himself as a professor and had hundreds of scholars. At the beginning of the Emperor's reign, Fan Zhongyan recommended him as an assistant professor at Imperial College. "Preface to the Customized Map of Mingtang" says: "Kaogong Ji" "People in Zhou Dynasty had a nine-foot banquet in their Mingtang", which means that the hall has a wide base and does not mean the number of houses. "Feast" refers to the hall, not to the room. The east and west halls are each four and a half banquets deep, and the north and south halls are each three and a half banquets deep. "Five chambers, every room has two banquets" refers to the square ten banquets in the center of the four halls. From east to west, you can build five rooms, and from south to north, you can build five rooms. The place where the two banquets are located in the middle of the ten banquets is the imperial palace, and it is connected with the remaining rooms, so the twelve people cannot stand in their own way. On the four sides of the southeast, northwest and four corners, there are two empty banquet places, connected around them, which are regarded as the Taimiao. The Taishi is in the middle. The "Central Land" and "the Taishi living in the Taimiao" are called "the Taimiao" in the "Moon Order". There is also the Taishi in the middle. Outside the Taimiao, there are two banquet places on each of Dangzi, Wu, Mao and You, which are connected with the Taimiao. They are Qingyang, Mingtang, Zongzhang and Yuantang; The eight figures Shen, Si, Hai, Chen, Xu, Chou and Wei each draw two banquet places, which are considered to be the left one and the right one. "Dadaili Shengde Ji" says: "There are nine rooms in the Mingtang, and four households in each room. Eight houses, thirty-six households, seventy-two houses. "There are eight rooms, combined with the Taishi, and nine. There are households on each side of the room, and there are two barns between the doors. "Baihutong": "The upper circle of the Mingtang is lower, with eight windows, four doors, nine rooms, and twelve seats. "Each of the four Taimiao temples has a door in front, which comes out of the hall, with two windows sandwiched between the doors. The left and right ones are actually rooms, but they are divided into left and right, shaped like a sandwich room, so they have a name. Inside the Taimiao Temple and the Taishi Room, In fact, it is natural to worship King Wen in a temple that is worthy of the throne of God. Earth is divided into the four kings and is the most respected in the five elements. Therefore, the emperor should live in the royal family at that time and use the throne of heaven and earth to show his dignity. Each month has its own time, which is different from that of Yu Yue. Therefore, it is located in the corners of Zi, Wu, Mao, and You, and is named after the Imperial Ancestral Temple, Tingshuo. , "Dadai" talks about the room but not as much as the temple, and the "Yue Ling" is prepared. However, it is not "Bai Hu Tong", and it is impossible to know the system of the window door as described by Nie Chongyi of the Qin Dynasty "Mingtang Tu". There are twelve levels, and the ancient legacy should also be adopted. "Book of Rites" says: "There are five doors on each side of the Mingtang. "Now according to "Mingtang Wei": The country of Siyi is outside the four gates. The country of Jiucai is outside the Yingmen. At that time, the emperor stood with an ax in his hand and faced south. Those outside the south gate faced north and east, outside the Yingmen. It also faces east and north, and there is a Yingmen outside the south gate. Since there are Yingmen, there must be Gao, Ku, and Zhimen. The Mingtang is located in the four seasons, and the four sides are the same. Since there are five gates in the south, There are five gates on each of the remaining three sides. Zheng's annotation on "Mingtang Wei" says that "the main gate is called the Ying Gate", which means that the south gate is called the Ying Gate. It is also seen that the palace has a road gate, followed by the Ying Gate. Nowadays, Mingtang does not have the name of Lumen, but it has Yingmen, which means it does not have a double door, and the south gate is called Yingmen. In addition, the name of Mingtang is not Lumen, and the name of Mingtang is not Lumen. The inner gate is called the East Gate and the South Gate, and there is a second door. How does it harm righteousness? Since the princes of the four barbarians are outside the four gates, and there is no heavy gate outside, they are listed among the roads in the countryside. How can it be wrong? What is the etiquette of the court meeting? The palace has five gates to limit the internal and external. The Mingtang follows the laws of heaven and earth, respects the ancestors and the emperor, and only has one gate to express it. How can it be called a place where it is built? , then Chunyu Dengyun "is in the Yang of the country, three miles away, within seven miles, in the land of Bingsi" "Tingshuo is outside the south gate", Kang Cheng's note is also consistent with this. It is better to be in the sun of the country. To serve the gods, it is better to be outside the city gate. In this picture, the nine points are used as the nine-foot banquet, and the east and west halls are the nine banquets, and the north and south halls are the seven banquets.

In the central area, there are five rooms from east to west, and five rooms from south to north. Each room has two banquets, which are taken from "Kaogong Ji". There are about eight rooms in one room, nine rooms in each room, four households and eight rooms, and thirty-six households and seventy-two rooms in each room, which is related to Dade's "Records". There are nine chambers and four temples, with thirteen temples, which are based on the "Yue Ling". Each of the four temples has a door, with two windows sandwiched between the doors. It has eight windows and four doors, which is based on "Bai Hu Tong". The twelve levels are taken from the "Three Rites Picture". There are five gates on each side, which are based on "Mingtang Wei" and "Book of Rites". In the middle of Jiayou's reign, he was appointed as Guozijianzou, and he was called the chief bookkeeper of Haimen and the storyteller of Taixue. He died. He read "On Zhou Rites to Taiping", "Book of Pingtu" and "On Rites". His disciple Deng Runfu, who lived in Xiningzhong, submitted his "Retired to Lei Manuscript", "Huangyou Continuation Manuscript" and "Houji", and invited his son to join Lu as an official, and he was appointed as the official of Jiaoshe Zhailang. 8. Biography of Yang Xuanbao, translated into classical Chinese

Biography of Yang Xuanbao, translated into classical Chinese as follows:

Yang Xuanbao was a native of Nancheng, Mount Tai. His grandfather, Yang Kai, was a minister of the Jin Dynasty. His father, Yang Sui, was the minister of Zhongshu.

Yang Xuanbao began to serve as the commander of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty and joined the army. During the reign of Young Emperor Jingping (423~424), he was gradually promoted to Situ Youchangshi. General Wei Wang Hong thought highly of him. He once said to Yu Dengzhi, the governor of the Zuo Dynasty, and Wang Zhunzhi, the minister of the Ministry of official affairs: "You two wise men are smart and handsome, and can understand many things. However, the reputation of Kuan Hong and his good reputation should naturally be suppressed." *Tongzhong Yangjun "Soon, he entered the court and served as the minister of Huangmen.

Yang Xuanbao is good at playing chess and ranks third in rank. Emperor Wen was also good at playing chess and made a bet with him using county officials. As a result, Yang Xuanbao defeated him, so he was appointed as the replacement governor of Xuancheng. Prior to this, Liu Shizhi established a policy for officials in Xuancheng to deal with defections. If a person could not be caught, the officials in Wu and Li would be notified with an official document and sent to the relevant departments of the prefecture and county. Anyone who could catch the person would be rewarded with a second-level official position. Yang Xuanbao believed that this was inappropriate and commented: "The reason why I discussed the defection was due to extreme coercion. Now a special policy has been established, which is very harsh on the reality. Also consider that this policy is only in one area. If it is implemented correctly, it should be unified with the whole country; if it is incorrect, it should not be implemented alone in a county." From then on, the edict was issued to stop that policy.

He served successively as Danyang Yin, Kuaiji Prefect, Taichang, and Wu Commandery. Emperor Wen frequently arranged for Yang Xuanbao to serve in famous counties because he was honest, simple and without greed. Although he has no special achievements in politics, he will usually be missed by others after he leaves. He does not engage in financial interests, and his family property is frugal and meager. Emperor Wen once said: "To be an official, a person must not only have talent, but also have luck. Every time a good official position becomes vacant, I never fail to think of Yang Xuanbao first." The culprit, Shao Regicide, established himself and made him an official. The Minister of the Ministry of Finance also serves as the minister of wine for the prince of the country. When Emperor Xiaowu entered Beijing for crusade, most of the people in the court fled south. Liu Shao called all the officials together, held a steel knife across his face and said angrily: "You can all leave." Everyone was afraid, and no one dared to speak. Yang Xuanbao's face did not change and he said slowly: "I am willing to die to serve the court." Liu Shao calmed down.

Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne and appointed him as Doctor Jin Ziguanglu. He was valued for his prudence and respect. In the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (461), he was promoted to Sanqi Changshi and Tejin. From his youth to his old age, Yang Xuanbao was very cautious about offering sacrifices. He never tasted the fresh produce of the four seasons that had not been sacrificed. After his death, his posthumous title was added as Dingzi.

His son Yangrong is a talented young man, but he has a frivolous character, behaves badly, and speaks in double voices. Liu Yigong, the king of Jiangxia, once set up a restaurant and asked Yangrong to put the seats. After a while, the king of Jiangxia went out. Because the seat was too narrow, he widened it himself. Yang Rong said: "The official house is narrow and annoying. It needs to be widened by eight points." King Jiangxia smiled and said: "You are not only good at two voices, but you are a eloquent scholar." Emperor Wen liked Yang Rong. Xuanbao was playing chess, and one time a palace envoy came. Yang Xuanbao said, "Why did the emperor summon me today?" Yang Rong said, "The golden ditch is clear and shallow, the copper pool is blue, and the scenery is beautiful. It's time to play chess." Yang Xuanbao often thought he was frivolous and said, "This child will definitely destroy my family." Tongzhilang, a Yangrong official, was ordered to commit suicide because he and Wang Sengda slandered the politics of the day. After his death, Emperor Xiaowu introduced Yang Xuanbao, who apologized and said: "I did not have the insight of Jin Rishidan, so I failed the emperor." The emperor praised his words very much. Yang Rong had two younger brothers. Emperor Wen named them both Yang Xian and Yang Can. He said to Yang Xuanbao: "I hope your two sons can have the forest residual wind of the Zhengshi era."

Yang Xuanbao was good at playing chess, and He Shangzhi also loved this game. Chu Yin of Wujun entered the high level at the age of seven. When he grew up, he became the champion at that time. Chu Yin's father Chu Rongqi rebelled with Zang Zhi, and Chu Yin should follow him and kill him. He Shangzhi persisted in his request and said: "Chu Yin's skill in playing chess surpasses that of ancient times and is better than today. Wei Tao violated the law and was pardoned because of his talent. His father was killed and his son was treated leniently. There are many examples of this. Please grant him A person lives to keep a strange skill from being cut off." As a result, it was not approved, and people at the time were very sorry about it.