Which country has advanced solar energy technology?

Solar water heaters were first and most widely used in China, especially the popular all-glass vacuum collector tube solar water heater. The core component of the all-glass vacuum collector tube was developed by Tsinghua University around 1978, so the technology of solar water heaters in China has been very advanced. German solar power generation technology is more advanced, and its derivative product-solar car has been rolled off the assembly line in Taiwan Province Province, Japan and other countries.

Solar energy refers to the thermal radiation energy of the sun (see three ways of heat energy transfer), and its main performance is often called solar rays. In modern times, it is generally used to generate electricity or provide energy for water heaters. Since the birth of life on the earth, people have lived mainly by the thermal radiation energy provided by the sun, and since ancient times, people have also known how to use sunlight to dry things as a method of making food, such as making salt and drying salted fish. With the decrease of fossil fuels, solar energy has become an important part of human energy utilization and has been continuously developed. There are two ways to use solar energy: photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. Solar power generation is a new renewable energy. Solar energy in a broad sense also includes wind energy, chemical energy and water energy on the earth.

Advantages:

(1) Universality: the sun shines all over the earth, and there is no geographical restriction, whether it is land or sea.

Solar energy (6 sheets)

Whether it is a mountain or an island, it is everywhere, which can be directly developed and utilized, easy to collect, and does not need to be mined and transported.

(2) Harmless: the development and utilization of solar energy will not pollute the environment, and it is one of the cleanest energy sources, which is extremely valuable in today's increasingly serious environmental pollution.

(3) Huge: The solar radiation energy reaching the earth's surface every year is equivalent to about 65.438+0.3 trillion tons of coal, which is the largest energy that can be developed in the world today.

(4) Long-term: According to the rate at which the sun produces nuclear energy, the storage of hydrogen is enough to last for several billion years, and the life of the earth is about several billion years. In this sense, it can be said that the energy of the sun is inexhaustible.

Disadvantages:

(1) dispersion: Although the total amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface is large, the energy flow density is very low. On average, near the Tropic of Cancer, when the weather is clear in summer, the irradiance of solar radiation is the highest at noon, and the average solar energy received is about 1 000 w； in the area perpendicular to the direction of sunlight. If the average day and night of the whole year is only about 200W W, only about half in winter and only about 1/5 on cloudy days, the energy flow density is very low. Therefore, when using solar energy, in order to get a certain conversion power, a set of collection and conversion equipment with a considerable area is often needed, and the cost is high.

(2) Instability: Due to the limitation of natural conditions such as day and night, season, geographical latitude and altitude, and the influence of random factors such as sunny, cloudy, cloud and rain, the solar irradiance reaching a certain ground is intermittent and extremely unstable, which increases the difficulty of large-scale application of solar energy. In order to make solar energy a sustainable and stable energy source and eventually become an alternative energy source that can compete with conventional energy sources, it is necessary to solve the problem of energy storage, that is, to store the solar radiation energy in sunny days as much as possible for use at night or in rainy days, but energy storage is also one of the weak links in solar energy utilization.

(3) Low efficiency and high cost: the development level of solar energy utilization is feasible in theory and mature in technology. However, some solar energy utilization devices, because of low efficiency and high cost, now the utilization efficiency of the laboratory does not exceed 30%. Generally speaking, the economy cannot compete with traditional energy sources. In the future, the further development of solar energy utilization is mainly restricted by economy.