What is Cold Clothes Festival?

Every year, the first day of October in the lunar calendar is called "October Dynasty", also known as "ancestor worship festival". Cold clothes festival. Also known as Ghost Festival, this day pays special attention to the people who die first, and it is called sending cold clothes. Tomb-Sweeping Day in spring and Mid-Autumn Festival in autumn are also called the three "ghost festivals" in a year. In order to prevent their ancestors from catching cold in the underworld, on this day, people will burn five-color paper, send them warm clothes, and send them warmth, a ghost. On October 1 ST, the burning cold clothes entrusted the memories of the old people and carried the sympathy of the living for the dead. At the same time, this day also marks the arrival of severe winter, so it is also a day for parents and lovers to send warm clothes to people they care about.

Why do you burn cold clothes?

Origin, ancient records

This festival has existed since ancient times. According to textual research, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, the first day of the tenth lunar month was the wax festival, and a grand ritual activity was held on this day. The Book of Rites and the Moon Order describes the situation in La Worship in the Zhou Dynasty: the son of heaven offered sacrifices to the gods of the sun, the moon and the stars on the social altar, and offered sacrifices to five generations of ancestors at the gate, at the same time comforting farmers and promulgating a new work and rest system. The book of songs in July mentioned that "fire flows in July and clothes are given in September", which means that it gradually gets cold from September. People should buy warm clothes, so1the first day of October [1]? Also known as clothing festival. Therefore, the previous generation sent clothes mostly in September of the summer calendar, and the date was uncertain.

Collection of Tang imperial edicts, Volume 77. In August of the second year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he said, "The worshippers are sincere and respectful, so they recommend new people, so they apply for frost dew." It's time to get to know my late king as a gift and cover my feelings. ..... During the period of spontaneous fire, the business style changed to the law, carrying deep pursuit, feeling things and increasing feelings, and poetry and clothing made it possible to save interest, because courtiers were still kind and private, respectful to gardens and tombs, but not standardized. From now on, every year on September 1st, I will recommend clothes to the grave, which will last for thousands of years to show my filial piety. And midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, there is no canon, superficial and vulgar. So, this is a change of wind direction. The situation is mainly filial piety. People feel that they are wearing clothes from the Han Dynasty, and when they present them to the ceremony, they will know what they mean by declaring that they are ordinary. "This imperial edict directly affects the folk custom of sending clothes to the grave. Since October is the first winter and September is earlier, this custom continued into October in the Song Dynasty. The custom of October New Moon in the Song Dynasty is mainly manifested in three aspects: giving clothes, offering sacrifices and opening a furnace. Lv Xizhe's Miscellaneous Notes on Years Old reads: "In October, the capital was forbidden to guard the school and was given a brocade robe. Thank you all. ..... DuDu, DuDu, Zhengren Hou all got brocade robes. The old Hebei, Shaanxi and Hedong transshipment made the deputy envoys have no such talent. During the ancestral dynasty, someone got a coat from Dignā ga. All the troops will give uniforms. "(← Give clothes) (Sacrifice →) According to" Dream of Tokyo ",in September, the capital of song dynasty in Tokyo" sold ghost clothes, boots and shoes, and seats and hats, and on October 1st, "10,000 people went out to dinner, and those who made their debut in chariots and horses were banned. Imperial clan chariots and horses, also like the Cold Food Festival ","Dream of Liang Lu "records that Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty was also" the October Festival when scholars went out to sweep loose and worship the tomb. The horses and chariots in the inner courtyard sent the southern class of the imperial clan to the palace to pay homage. " "Henan program suicide note" said: "If you worship the grave, you will worship on October 1, and you will not feel the frost." Song people first used "cotton jerseys" as sacrifices, and later called them "cold clothes", which have not been called by Song people so far. [2]? A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital by Dong Liu and Yu Yizheng in Ming Dynasty. "Springfield" recorded the Cold Clothes Festival at that time in detail: "On October 1st, paper was spread and cut into five colors to make clothes for men and women, with a long ruler, called cold clothes, and it was sparsely printed, and its surname was known, such as sending books. Every family has a night drink, and when it is called, it burns the door and says to send cold clothes. New mourning, white paper for it, saying that new ghosts dare not dress up. The person who sent the white clothes cried, female voice 19, male voice 11. " Pan Rongbi, "Jing Di Ji Sheng at the age of. Sending Cold Clothes has the case of the Cold Clothes Festival in the Qing Dynasty: "October New Year ... Literati pay homage to their ancestors and sweep graves, such as the Central Plains instrument. In the evening, seal the book, add five-color silk to crown it with clothes and shoes, burn it outside the door, and say to send cold clothes. "

Edit this legend of Cold Clothes Festival.

Was it born out of the pre-Qin etiquette of welcoming winter? According to the Book of Rites, October is the month of beginning of winter. On this day, the son of heaven led three officials and nine ministers to the northern suburbs to hold a winter welcoming ceremony, and returned after the ceremony to reward those who died for their country and pay debts for their wives and children. How to reward the dead? Giving them "warm clothes" should be the proper meaning in the title, so it will become a habit if you work hard. However, this view can only stay in inference, because the records of "sacrifice" and "clothes festival of mourning, boots, shoes, seats and hats" in early October did not appear in the local chronicles of scholars until the Song Dynasty. If the Cold Clothes Festival was formed in the pre-Qin period, it is difficult to make a reasonable explanation for such a long record gap. Therefore, some people infer that the formation of the custom of Cold Clothes Festival will not be earlier than the Song Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang's legend of "giving clothes"?

October is an important month in ancient times. This is the time when rice is harvested and put into storage. "It's the moon, and the son of heaven begins to descend" (Book of Rites, Moon Order). The son of heaven told the people that winter had arrived by wearing winter clothes. According to legend, in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing. In order to conform to the weather, he held a ceremony of "giving clothes" on the first day of October, and made hot soup with freshly harvested red beans and glutinous rice for ministers to taste. Nanjing folk proverb says: "Wear a cotton-padded jacket in October and eat bean soup to keep out the cold." The "Cold Clothes Festival" came from this. When people put on clothes to keep out the cold, they also send winter clothes to wanderers who are guarding the border, doing business and studying in other places to show their concern and care.

Meng Jiangnu sent warm clothes thousands of miles away.

The custom of sending clothes to the dead is said to have been initiated by Meng Jiangnv. According to legend, at the time of Qin Shihuang, there lived a gentleman named Meng in Mengjiawan in the south of the Yangtze River. The old couple respect each other as guests and are close to each other. They often paint poems in the back garden. One year, an old man planted a gourd beside the rockery, which was flourishing and some vines climbed along the wall to Jiang's house next door. There is a big gourd on the vine of the string ginger family. After the autumn, the old man said to the Jiang family, "Cut the gourd in half, and your family is my half.". Unexpectedly, there is a lovely white chubby doll in the gourd, which was raised by the Meng family through consultation and named. Time flies, and in a blink of an eye, the girl is graceful and eighteen years old. Day after day, Meng Jiangnu fished out the fan in the water by the garden pond, which happened to be seen by Fan Xiliang who escaped from the corvee and hid in the garden bushes. Xiliang is a handsome young man, so the Meng family recruited him as a son-in-law. Unexpectedly, just when they got married, the pursuer came, took Fan Xiliang away and sent him to the north to repair the Great Wall of Wan Li. Meng Jiangnv misses her husband day and night and is extremely sad. One day, snow fell in the south of the Yangtze River and the north wind roared. Meng Jiangnv shuddered and thought that her husband's clothes had been worn for several years. How could she resist the cold wind outside the Great Wall? She decided to make a warm coat for her husband and deliver it herself. So the cotton was thickly kneaded into a ball and sewed with a needle and thread, and a deep feeling of missing her husband was sewn into the cold clothes. When the cold clothes were ready, she said goodbye to her parents, carried them on her back and embarked on the road of sending clothes all the way. Along the way, sometimes it is rainy and muddy, and it is difficult to walk; Sometimes the money wind suddenly rises, flying sand and stones, and the sky is dark; Sometimes the mountain is high and the road is dangerous, and the thorn beast; Sometimes it snows heavily, it's freezing, and the wind is biting. Despite the hardships, I still have a firm belief in my heart: let my husband put on warm clothes as soon as possible. However, when Meng Jiangnv came to the foot of the Great Wall, she never imagined that her husband Fan Xiliang was exhausted alive in the winter a year ago, and his bones were buried under the Great Wall in Wan Li. Hearing this, Meng Jiangnv burst into tears. While crying, she beat the wall with her hand and shouted the name of "Fan Xiliang". Meng Jiangnv cried for a miserable husband and scolded a cruel tyrant. In her angry complaint, the storm roared in the sky and the raging waves rolled on the sea, all of which were on the Great Wall of Wan Li. Suddenly there was a loud noise, and a section of the Great Wall in Wan Li collapsed, exposing a bone. Meng jiangnu cried for seven days and seven nights with her bones in her arms, and then burned her cold clothes. I saw them slowly floating up, gradually falling on Meng jiangnu three times, and then firmly falling on the bones ...?

folk song

The story of Wan Li, the daughter of Meng Jiangnv, looking for a husband to send cold clothes is widely circulated inside and outside the Great Wall. There is a folk song: "In October, every household sews cold clothes, and the husband changes, and Meng Jiangnu Wan Li looks for a husband to send it." Folks inside and outside the Great Wall call the day when Meng Jiangnu sent cold clothes on the first day of the first lunar month "Cold Clothes Festival". From now on, on the first day of October, people will cut out cold clothes with colored paper and burn them on graves for their dead relatives. Some people hang the cold clothes they cut from branches or put them in graves. This reflects people's feudal superstition, but on the other hand, it also entrusts people with a memory of their deceased relatives. ?

Businessman's promotion strategy

There is also a saying that "burning cold clothes on October 1" stems from the promotion tactics of merchants. According to incomplete and reliable information, this shrewd businessman lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but she was the eldest sister-in-law of Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking. Sister-in-law's name is Huiniang. Seeing that Cai Lun's papermaking was profitable, she encouraged her husband Cai Mo to learn papermaking with her younger brother. Cai Mo is a hothead. Before he went home, he set out to open a paper shop. As a result, the quality of paper is so poor that no one cares about it. The couple have to worry about a room full of waste paper. On the verge of bankruptcy, Huiniang had a brainwave and came up with a ghost idea. One night, earth-shattering ghost cries rushed out of Cai's compound. The neighbors were frightened and came over the next morning to inquire, only to know that Huiniang died of sudden illness last night. When I saw the coffin in the room, Cai Mo was crying and burning paper. Burning, burning, the coffin suddenly rang, and Hui Niang's voice called inside, "Open the door! Open the door! I am back! " They froze, and it was a long time before they came to their senses and opened the coffin. I saw a woman jump out of the coffin, but who is Huiniang? Huiniang shook her head and sang loudly: "Money travels all over the world among the dead. Paper belongs to the underworld, but my husband didn't burn it. Who let me go home! " She told everyone that after her death, she went to the underworld, and the king of hell sent her to push the mill. She bought off all the children with the paper money sent by her husband, and the children were all vying for money to make the mare go-money makes the mare go! She bribed Yan again and Yan asked her to come back. Cai Mo put on a puzzled look and said, "I didn't send you money!" Huiniang pointed to the burning paper and said, "That's money! In the underworld, it is to eat and drink. "Hearing this, Cai Mo immediately held two bundles of paper to burn, saying that this would make the parents in the underworld suffer less. The couple's double spring performance can fool the neighbors! Everyone saw the magical effect of paper money, so they paid to burn paper. Word of mouth, a few days, Cai Mohist hoarding paper sold out. Since Hui Niang returned to Yang on the first day of October, later generations went to the grave to burn paper to pay homage to the dead. These two legends are sad and happy. Although the props are different (one is to burn cotton-padded clothes, the other is to burn paper money), they are all making an issue of the deceased, and they are all pulling the strings of affection in people's hearts.

Jiangsu "Red Bean Rice" Legend?

Later generations took the first day of October as a mourning day and took red bean rice as a drink. There is still a legend in Dafeng, Jiangsu, to the effect that there was once a cowherd who was hacked to death by the landlord for fighting with the landlord, and the rice scattered on the ground was dyed red with blood. This day is the first day of October. From then on, the poor will eat red bean rice on the first day of October to commemorate him, and there are nursery rhymes to prove it: "In October, watch the cows run home; If you refuse to leave, the landlord will whip you with three plows and a thin knife. "

Edit this paragraph. How to burn cold clothes?

The preparation of offerings is usually done in the morning. After the offerings were arranged, the family sent the children to the street to buy some five-color paper, mingbi and incense foil for later use. Five-color paper is red, yellow, blue, white and black, very thin, and some have cotton in the middle. After lunch, the housewife cleaned up the wok, called the Qi family and asked them to burn cold clothes on the grave.

worship

Three Ghosts Festival, Cold Clothes Festival and Folk Sacrifice

To the grave, burn incense and wax, put jiaozi and other offerings in order, and the family took turns kneeling and kowtowing; Then draw a circle on the grave, put five-color paper and mingbi in the circle and light it. Some people not only burn Ming coins, but also burn luxury cars made of five-color paper. While burning, he said, "So-and-so, you worked hard when you were alive, and you will enjoy happiness when you die. You live in a mansion, drive a BMW, pay attention to it, and you are so angry!" I'm afraid that the people I love will not have a good life in the underworld. Also, when you draw a circle on the grave, don't forget to add another circle beside it. Its purpose is to help those ghosts who have no memorial, lest they be extremely poor and take away their ancestors' clothes.

Customs vary from place to place.

Due to different regions, the customs of sending cold clothes are different all over the country. Gold and silver luggage

In some places, the custom of burning cold clothes has changed. Instead of burning cold clothes, people burn a lot of ghost paper in a paper bag with the names of the receiver and sender and their corresponding names written on it. This is called "baggage". There is a name of cold clothes, but there is no reality of cold clothes. People think that the underworld, like the dead, can buy many things with money. Luoyang: There is a proverb in Luoyang: "On October 1st, oil sounds", which means that on the first day of October, people will cook and stir-fry, chop meat and wrap it in jiaozi, and prepare food for their ancestors. These things are greasy, and the operating room is inevitably covered with hands and faces. Kim:? When sending warm clothes in the south of Shanxi, pay attention to wrapping some cotton in five-color paper, saying that it is to make cotton-padded quilts for the dead. When sending warm clothes in the north of Shanxi, five-color paper should be made into various styles of clothes, hats, shoes and quilts. Even a set of paper houses, tile columns, doors and windows have been completed. Apart from their small size, these paper handicrafts look more exquisite and beautiful than real houses. Henan: In urban areas, Yanshi and other places, some people don't go to the old grave to burn cold clothes, but burn them at their doorsteps and intersections. On the first day of October, when it was getting dark, people grabbed a handful of earth ashes, sprinkled a circle of ashes in front of their homes, and then burned incense paper clothes to pay homage to their ancestors. A cultured person will send warm clothes to the "ghost" at a crossroads not far from home, in order to "return the ghost, but not be rude" and bribe the tramps to make peace with the dead. Xin' an county pays attention to other things: the newly married daughter-in-law should add soil to the new old man in her husband's family on the first day of October; People who come to the temple to worship their ancestors should beat gongs and drums to cheer Beijing up: in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, most Beijingers followed the old customs and went to Nanzhi Store to buy cool clothes paper before the first day of October. It is made of colored wax paper, burned with the funeral dress, and cut into cloth-like strips, usually three or four pieces of paper are broken. Pink ones are printed with white patterns; The white one is printed with violet patterns; The yellow ones are printed with red patterns (usually continuous patterns of peony, chrysanthemum and butterfly). There is also plain paper. In short, it's just a symbolic thing. Some of these warm clothes are cut into clothes and trousers, others are not cut, and they are directly wrapped in paper money and banknotes and burned. Some rich people pay more attention to it, so they ask the paperhanger of ghost clothing store to post some high-grade winter clothes such as leather clothes and trousers. No matter what kind of warm clothes you use, you should mainly use paper money and paper ingots, pack them together and burn them. Zhaimen, set up a drinking place in the ancestral hall; Most people take parcels as the main theme, and set up a banquet in the class, mostly offering three bowls of jiaozi. The rich are not limited to this, and there are no rules for dried and fresh fruits, Man-Han banquet cakes, cold meat and stir-fry. The whole family burned incense and held candles and kowtowed four times in the order of generations (called "three ghosts and four gods"). Sacrifice, or send it to the cemetery, or burn it at the door. There is no mourning for the old man. [3]? Lu: It is popular in central Shandong to burn cold clothes at the crossroads in the wild at night as a sacrifice to the dead or ghosts without offspring. In the southwest of Shandong, in addition to preparing warm clothes, paper bags are also made for the entertainment of the underworld with the theme of dramas or fairy tales that the deceased loved before his death. Nanjing: When sending warm clothes in Nanjing, all kinds of ghost clothes should be packed in a red paper bag with the identity and name of the deceased written on it. On the night of the first day of the first year, paper bags will be sacrificed in class and then incinerated outside the door. At the same time, freshly harvested red beans and glutinous rice will be made into delicious food for ancestors to taste. In fact, this series of sacrificial activities are all manifestations of remembering ancestors, praying for family prosperity and future generations' peace. Burning cold clothes is a technical job. Everything given to the dead, such as clothes and money, should be burned clean. Only in this way can these waste papers in the world be transformed into silks and satins and treasures in the underworld. If a corner of a piece of paper is not burned, then I'm sorry, your previous efforts have been in vain, and the deceased you pay homage to will not get any benefits. Nowadays, the custom of burning paper and cold clothes on the first day of October has gradually faded. Many people just go to the grave to mourn, or present a bunch of flowers to remember their dead relatives. ?

Precautions and taboos

Everything given to the dead, such as clothes and money, must be burned. Only when it is burned cleanly can these earthly papers become silks and satins, clothes and clothes for houses, and gold, silver and copper coins in the underworld. As long as a thing is not burned, all the previous efforts will be in vain, and the dead will not use it. So 1 October1day, be sure to burn cold clothes, and be especially careful. Although this kind of action seems funny, it also reflects the grief and reverence of the living for the deceased and belongs to a spiritual sustenance. When people send warm clothes, they also pay attention to burning some five-color paper at the crossroads to symbolize cloth and silk. The original intention is to help orphans who have no ancestors to worship, so as not to be robbed of winter supplies for their loved ones.

Burn cold clothes, some places in front of the grave of the deceased, and pay attention to sweeping the grave before the sun rises. Some places are used to burning sacrifices in front of the door. In many places in Yanbei and Pingyao counties of Jinzhong, at night, women will burst into tears outside the door. In the old days, there was a poem in Linxian County: "Sticking paper and cutting clothes, burning ash in the morning." Is Taiwan Province fruit useful to keep out the cold in spring? But the sad voice is sweet! "It not only describes the scene of sending cold clothes, but also questions its legendary effect. Children are filial and wear mourning for three years. On the first day of October in the year of filial piety, he changed into a military uniform. Rituals such as burying ancestors are always held on October 1st.

Traditional winter activities of the living

10/day, people will not only send warm clothes to the dead for the winter, but also carry out some traditional activities symbolizing winter. On this day, women will take out cotton-padded clothes and let their children and husbands change seasons. If the weather is still warm, it is not suitable to wear cotton at this time, and children and husbands should be urged to try it on for good luck. People are used to arranging stoves and chimneys on this day. After installation, try to make a fire to ensure smooth heating in cold weather. 1 October1day, women are forbidden to go out. People improve their lives, and buckwheat noodles and oatmeal noodles are very popular in mountainous areas. ?

Ancestor festival

10/day to send cold clothes. On this day, special attention is paid to paying homage to those who died first, which is called sending cold clothes. Tomb-Sweeping Day in spring and Mid-Autumn Festival in autumn are also called the three "ghost festivals" in a year. On the first day of the tenth lunar month, it is called "October Dynasty", also known as ancestor worship festival ... China has had the custom of paying homage to ancestors in the new harvest season since ancient times to show filial piety and not forget its roots. Ancient people also offered sacrifices to their ancestors Xiaomi on the first day of the tenth lunar month. Sacrifice to ancestors on the first day of the tenth lunar month, including family sacrifice and grave sacrifice. The first day of October in the lunar calendar is also the first day of winter. Since then, the weather has become colder and colder, and people are afraid that their ancestors' souls in the underworld are short of clothes and clothes. Therefore, in addition to food, incense sticks, paper money and other general offerings, there is also an indispensable offering-burial clothes. When offering sacrifices, people incinerate ghost clothes to their ancestors, which is called "sending cold clothes". Later, the custom of "burning cold clothes" changed in some places. Instead of burning cold clothes, people burned a lot of ghost paper in a paper bag with the names of the recipients and senders and their corresponding names written on it. This is called "baggage". There is a name of cold clothes, but there is no reality of cold clothes. People think that the underworld, like the dead, can buy many things with money. The day before the first day of October in Jimo, parents led their children and grandchildren to add soil to their ancestral graves. You don't need a basket to add soil, you have to carry it with clothes. The more dirt you bring, the richer the people in the tribe will be. On the day of the festival, the male surname in the family is led by the brigade commander, carrying boxes, rich tables and rich offerings (20 to 30 bowls) to pay homage to the graves one by one, which is called "going to the grave". Now it has been changed to "going to a small grave" with a small amount of sacrifices (usually jiaozi) from one family to another.

Paper burning area

Another story about ancestor worship is that Cai Lun made paper and Cai Mo burned paper. When Cai Lun first invented paper, business was good. Cai Lun's sister-in-law Huiniang asked her husband Cai Mo to learn papermaking from Cai Lun. They came back to open a paper mill, but the paper made by Cai Mo was of poor quality and could not be sold, so they were in a hurry. Later, Huiniang thought of a way out of trouble. One night, Huiniang pretended to be ill and died of anxiety. Cai Mo was heartbroken in front of her coffin. While burning paper, he cried and said, "I learned papermaking from my brother and didn't pay attention." The quality of the paper made is so poor that it makes you angry. " I'm going to burn this paper to ashes to relieve my hatred. "When he finished burning, he brought paper to burn. After burning for a while, I heard Huiniang shouting in the coffin, "Open the door, I'm back. "This is shocking. When people opened the coffins, Hui Niang sang in a pretentious way: "The money of the dead can spread all over the world, and the paper of the underworld is for business. If my husband doesn't burn paper, who will let me go home? " Huiniang sang many times and said, "I was a ghost just now, but now I'm a human being. Don't be afraid. When I went to the underworld, the king of hell made me suffer and my husband gave me money, so many children helped me. Money talks. Three Cao Guan also asked me for money, and I gave it to him, so he opened the back door of the underworld and asked me to come back. "Cai Mo pretended to be confused:" I didn't send you money? Huiniang said, "The paper you burned is money from the underworld." . "Speaking of which, Cai Mo held several bundles of paper and burned them to his parents. Hearing this, all the people present thought that burning paper had great benefits, and they all bought paper from Cai Mo. Hui Niang generously gave it to the villagers, and the story spread widely. Villagers from far and near came to buy Cai's paper and burn it to their dead relatives. In less than two days, the backlog of paper was snapped up. Hui Niang's "coming back to life" is on the first day of the tenth lunar month. Therefore, on the first day of October, future generations worship their ancestors and burn paper in front of the grave to show their memory of their ancestors.

Edit this Cold Clothes Festival record

"On the first day of October, people call it" Cold Clothes Festival ",cutting clothes and burning graves."-Wanquan County, Hebei Province, 14 years of Qing Daoguang and 10 years of Qianlong "October New Moon, commonly known as October Dynasty". No one is poor, they are given sacrifices first, and more ghost clothes are burned, which is called "clothing burning festival". "-Hu Pu 'an's Chronicle of Chinese National Customs is called" Ghost Festival "on the first day of October. Each family worships ancestors, cuts clothes and pants with five-color paper, fills them with paper, writes down the ancestors' names, writes down the date of writing, presents them to future generations, and copies several copies according to the style, and burns them in front of the tomb or door. —— Chronology of Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, published in the 24th year of the Republic of China, "Ghost clothes, boots, shoes, hats, clothes and satin are set up inside and outside the city in late September to prepare for October burning." -Meng Yuan's Old Dream of Tokyo and October New Year. ...................................................................................................................................... ........................ sealed the book at night, made a crown of five-color silks and clothes and shoes, burned it outside the door, and wrote "Send cold clothes." —— Pan Qingrong's "Jing Di Ji Sheng at the age of four" The first day of the tenth lunar month is the Cold Clothes Festival. In ancient times, offering sacrifices to graves and burning paper money and paper clothes (cut with colored paper) meant giving clothes and coins to the dead. Today, people still burn paper on graves. —— Quoted from Hejian County Records of Hebei Province and Luoyang City Records, Volume 17: October 1st of the lunar calendar is commonly known as Ghost Festival, also known as Cold Clothes Festival. All the year round, reciprocating cycle, lunar October, autumn to winter. On the first day of October, cold air came. When people wrapped thick cotton-padded jackets, they remembered that their dead relatives also needed extra clothes, so they bought clothes made of five-color paper paste to keep out the cold, burned them and sent them to the underworld to keep out the cold for the ghosts there. That's called "October 1st, burning cold clothes"-in Luoyang, we should emphasize a "zi" sound, which is called "October 1st, burning cold clothes".