Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - Who knows the technology and benefits of artificial breeding catfish?
Who knows the technology and benefits of artificial breeding catfish?
1, fry cultivation
1 Conditions and preparation of the pond
A pond with an area of 1 ~ 5 mu, a depth of more than 1.5m, no weeds in the pond, flat bottom and no leakage is selected as the fry culture pond. Before the fry enter the pond 10 day, clean and disinfect the pond by dry method, and use 75 ~ 100 kg of quicklime or 5 ~ 10 kg of bleaching powder per mu. After disinfection for 2 days, inject water to a depth of 0.6 ~ 0.8m Before the fry enter the pond for 5 ~ 7 days, apply 500kg of decomposed fermented chicken manure per mu to cultivate zooplankton such as rotifers and cladocera. When fertilizing, quicklime should be mixed. In order to speed up the fermentation of chicken manure, chicken manure can be piled up and sealed with plastic sheets.
2 fried stockings
Stocking 30,000-50,000 catfish fry per mu. Choose sunny, windless or breezy weather to release fry. Fish fry are put into tang qian, put into cages, made or bundled with wire mesh, and temporarily raised. The cage uses iron bars as the frame. Firstly, put the nylon bag or other container with fry on the water surface of the fish pond. When the water temperature in the bag or other container is consistent with the water temperature of the pond, put the fry in a cage or a binding box. Feed Daphnia, temporarily raise for 2-3 hours, then put the fry into the pond and put them at multiple points along the whole pond. Shading objects, such as aquatic plants, grass curtains, palm skins, etc., before seedling release. , set in the shallow water on the bank of the pond to provide shelter for the fry, and the fry inhabit under the shelter.
3 Feeding management
Three days before the fry enter the pond, they can eat zooplankton cultured in the pond without feeding feed. If the number of zooplankton cultured in the pond is small, Daphnia can be caught from other ponds for feeding. On the fourth day, earthworm and minced fish can be fed, and the whole pond can be sown, and the feeding amount is 5 ~ 10 kg per mu of water surface. According to the feeding situation of fry, the feeding amount can be flexibly controlled.
4 fry out of the pool
After 7 ~ 10 days of cultivation, when the total length of fry reaches 3 ~ 5 cm, it should be divided into ponds in time and fed in the next stage.
Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
Fish fry are prone to whipworm disease in the culture stage, and there are two treatment methods: one is to spray a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the whole pond, with the content of ferrous sulfate in each cubic meter of water of 0.5g of copper sulfate and 0.2g of ferrous sulfate; Second, the whole pool is sprayed with formalin, with water per cubic meter 100g of formalin.
2. Adult fish culture
There are three breeding methods of Silurus meridionalis: large and medium water surface multiplication method, pond interplanting method and pond main culture method.
1 water surface proliferation
In lakes and reservoirs, there are usually abundant small and low-value wild fish resources, such as wheat ear fish and striped fish, which are good feed for catfish. By stocking catfish, small and low-value wild fish in lakes and reservoirs can be transformed into high-value catfish, and the breeding efficiency can be improved. From the end of June to the beginning of July, 5 ~ 10 of southern catfish summer flowers with specifications of 3 ~ 5 cm were stocked per mu of water surface, and the tail weight per mu in autumn of that year was 1kg.
The catfish is 4 ~ 7 kg. Raising catfish can increase income by 50 ~ 100 yuan per mu of water surface. It is especially prudent to stock catfish in large and medium-sized waters, and it is best to be fully demonstrated by aquatic professionals to avoid blindly releasing the catfish to endanger the main cultured fish or fish with high economic value, resulting in more losses than gains.
2 Pond intercropping
Catfish should be cultured in adult fish ponds or parent fish ponds with a large number of small wild miscellaneous fish, not in fish ponds, otherwise the catfish will eat fish and cause losses. From the end of June to the beginning of July, catfish 10 ~ 20 with a body length of 3 ~ 5 cm were cultured per mu. Catfish 100 kg with tail weight of 750 ~ 1500 g can be produced in autumn, and the income per mu can be increased by about 100 yuan.
3 pond main culture
① Pond conditions
The pond area ranges from several hundred square meters to dozens of acres, and the bottom of the pond is flat and watertight. One week before the fingerlings enter the pond, the pond is cleaned and disinfected by dry method, with 75 ~ 100 kg of quicklime or 5 ~ 10 kg of bleaching powder per mu. The fertilization amount per mu is 100 ~ 200 kg.
(2) Fish stocking can stock summer flowers and 1 year-old fish.
Stocking summer flowers in that year: at the beginning of May, 80 ~ 65,438+000 species of silver carp and bighead carp with a tail weight of 65,438+000 ~ 200 g were stocked per mu, and the ratio of silver carp and bighead carp was 2: 65,438+0 ~ 3: 65,438+0. From late June to early July, catfish 150 ~ 500 species with a body length of 3 ~ 5 cm per mu were stocked. Catfish breeds should have neat specifications to avoid killing each other. In autumn, the weight of catfish tail can reach 750 ~ 1500 g, and the survival rate is generally around 60%.
Stocking 1 year-old catfish: In recent years, large-scale catfish are very popular in the market. There are 22 ~ 20 ~ 30 catfish species with a market price of 1kg per kilogram in 26 yuan, and the stocking specifications should be neat. In addition, 30-40 silver carp and 30-40 bighead carp with stocking specifications of 1 ~ 1.5 kg are matched. By autumn, the yield per mu of catfish can reach 75 ~ 100 kg, and the average size can reach about 4 kg. The survival rate of catfish can generally reach 80% ~ 90%.
③ Feed feeding
The feed can be used for feeding wild miscellaneous fish, fry, fresh frozen marine miscellaneous fish, chicken intestines, pig lungs and other low-value fish. The feed is ground with an electric meat grinder and fed. Set a bait table with an area of 3 ~ 4 square meters in the pond. You can feed directly without taking the bait table. In June and September, feed once a day and once at night, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% ~ 5% of the total weight of fish. Feed twice a day from July to August, once in the morning and once in the evening, and feed less in the morning, middle and late. The daily feeding amount accounts for 5% ~ 15% of the total weight of fish. Put the minced feed on the bait table to feed the fish, and the amount of feed should be about 2 hours each time, so that the fish can finish eating.
④ Water quality regulation
During the feeding period, water should be replenished frequently, and the water depth should be kept around1.5m. From July to August, quicklime water should be sprinkled once every 15 ~ 20 days, and 20 ~ 25kg of quicklime should be used for each mu of water.
⑤ Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
The fry need to be disinfected before entering the pond. They can be soaked in 3% salt solution for 5 ~ 10 minute. Feed should be fresh, not bad. Feed allicin bait once every 20 days, add 50 ~ 100 g per100 kg feed, or feed other antibacterial bait.
According to the price monitoring of farmers' markets in Chongqing 18 districts and counties, compared with June 2006, the price of aquatic products increased except grass carp. Compared with February 2005, except hairtail, eel and pincers, the prices of the other five aquatic products all fell.
The farmed catfish was 23. 19 yuan per kilogram, up 7.66% from the previous month and down 1.89% from the same period last year. Among them, Zhongxian County and Shizhu County have higher prices, while Youyang County, Tongliang County and Wanzhou District have lower prices.
Second, the analysis and prediction
On a ring-on-ring basis, since February this year is the Spring Festival, the holiday effect and the bird flu epidemic at home and abroad have affected poultry consumption confidence, leading to an increase in fish consumption and a rebound in fish market prices.
Year-on-year analysis: Due to the domestic emphasis on grain production, there was a bumper harvest in 2005, the price of grain decreased, the cost of feed decreased, and the market price of conventional freshwater fish decreased.
Late prediction: As aquaculture enters the next production cycle, freshwater fish will gradually enter the off-season and the market volume will decrease. In addition, the arrival of the river closed fishing period also has an impact on the market price of fish, and it is expected that the market price of conventional fish will rise steadily. Due to spring ploughing and the listing of wild eels, the price of eels may fall.
Catfish is a kind of tropical fish, which is large in size, less prickly in meat and tastes like river eel, so it is called "eight-bearded catfish eel", which has the excellent characteristics of fast growth, wide feeding habits and less diseases. It is an excellent variety of freshwater fish, but its disadvantage is poor cold tolerance, and it is easy to freeze to death when the water temperature drops below 7℃, so the growth period is very short, only 5 ~ 6 months throughout the year, because it can't overwinter in natural waters. In addition, catfish kill each other seriously in the process of breeding, which greatly affects the increase of stocking density and yield. But if you use some production tips and scientific methods to breed catfish, you can get twice the result with half the effort.
1. Two-stage sowing. The newly arrived fry have weak resistance and different specifications; If it is directly put into the pond for breeding, it will cause waste and pollute the water quality because of the large range of fry activities, large physical consumption and unpalatable bait. However, if seedlings are released in two stages, that is, intensive cultivation is concentrated in a small pond first, and then raised in a large pond. This is not only convenient for management, but also can make fry adapt to the new environment better, and it is easy to get enough food in the pond to promote their rapid growth. When the fry cultivated in the small pond reaches about 10 ~ 15 cm, the big fish can be screened out from the pond and put into the big pond for cultivation, while the small fish can be kept in the small pond for intensive cultivation, so that the fish can grow in a balanced way and have the same specifications. In this way, the phenomenon of big fish eat small fish in the breeding process is avoided, and the survival rate and unit yield of fry are effectively improved.
2. Reasonable feeding. Catfish is an omnivorous fish, and it is gluttonous. It is necessary to control the feeding amount correctly to ensure that there are as many fish as there are in the pond to prevent blind feeding. At the same time, feed at different points, evenly spread bait, eat a little, and feed enough to prevent uneven hunger and polarization. At the same time, in the early stage of fry cultivation, animal feed should be given priority to and intensive cultivation should be carried out. With the growth of fish, it is necessary to gradually switch some plant feeds to realize the combination of animal and plant feeds. The daily feeding amount should be controlled at about 5 ~ 8% of the total weight of fish, and the feeding amount should be adjusted every 1 week or half a month to make the feeding amount more reasonable.
3. Take turns to cultivate separately. Because catfish are fierce and gluttonous, when feeding, it is often the big fish who grab the food first, but the small fish can't eat the food, which leads to the growing gap between the size of the fish. Therefore, before catching catfish, a round of catching and feeding should be carried out, and large and small fish should be raised in different ponds to achieve balanced growth. This is one of the important measures to increase production.
4. Promote catfish wintering. When fishing in autumn, in addition to selling big fish, some adult fish can be moved into deep pools for the winter (nylon shed on the pond) to sell early spring fish; This can not only solve the problem of difficult catfish sales in peak season, but also prolong the supply time of fresh fish, and the price of fish can be doubled, which is really killing two birds with one stone.
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