The course of Fengyun meteorological satellite

The development of Fengyun meteorological satellite series can be said to be a microcosm of China's reform and opening up. After 30 years of unremitting struggle and independent innovation of China people, meteorological satellites have become an indispensable scientific and technological support for modern meteorological services and national economic construction. Yang Jun, director of the National Satellite Meteorological Center, said.

With the attention and care of previous party and state leaders, China has successfully launched nine Fengyun series meteorological satellites, and five satellites are still running stably in orbit, providing a large number of public welfare, professional and decision-making services for meteorology, ocean, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, aviation, navigation, environmental protection and other fields, resulting in huge social and economic benefits. Nowadays, Fengyun series meteorological satellites have become one of the most widely used satellites in China.

From experimental application to commercial service

"The work of meteorological satellites, we started from scratch, no one told you how to do it, you have to rely on practice to be concise, and you have to spend money in exchange for experience and knowledge." Niu Yinsheng, chief commander of the ground application system of Fengyun-1 A star and former director of the National Satellite Meteorological Center, said.

While meteorological satellites have made remarkable achievements, people will never forget the unforgettable pain:

1988 65438+1October 15 China's first polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-1 A was out of control and the whole satellite failed.

1991February 14, Fengyun-1 b satellite was in orbit 165, and the satellite attitude was out of control again due to the jump of data stored in the onboard computer.

65438+1On April 7, 1994, Fengyun-2 satellite 0 1, which will be the first geostationary meteorological satellite in China, leaked its hydrazine system eight hours before launch, causing the factory building to catch fire and the satellite to be burned down.

1June, 9971After June 25th, Fengyun-2 A and B were in orbit 10 and 8 months respectively, but they also failed to work normally due to various problems and failed to reach the design life.

Looking back at history, it is these lingering pains that have accumulated experience for the development and technology of polar orbit and geostationary meteorological satellites in China; It is these pains that inspire meteorological satellite scientists and technicians to devote themselves to the development and application of satellites with a more "strict, cautious, detailed and practical" working attitude. "In the face of this high-input, high-tech, high-risk and high-return work, we must not be sloppy." Yang Jun said.

The extraordinary course will certainly create an extraordinary satellite platform and cultivate a group of meteorological satellite scientists and technicians who are brave enough to overcome difficulties, overcome difficulties and persevere. After experiencing setbacks, myths were written in the hands of astronauts and meteorologists.

65438+/KOOC-0/May 1999/KOOC-0/0 and May 2002/KOOC-0/5, FY-1 C and D satellites were successfully launched respectively. The normal operation time of Fengyun-1 C star in orbit is as long as 4 years and 9 months, which greatly exceeds the design life of 2 years, while the D star still runs stably in 2009.

On June 5438+20041October, June 5438+September 2006, and February 8, 2006, Fengyun-2' s C and D satellites were successfully launched respectively, realizing "double star operation and mutual backup" for the first time. Among them, Fengyun-2 C satellite and ground application system also won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress in 2007.

On May 27th, 2008, China's new generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-3A was successfully put into the scheduled orbit.

At 8: 54 on February 23rd, 65438, China successfully put Fengyun-2 06 into orbit with the Long March 3A carrier rocket at xichang satellite launch center.

Scheduled orbit.

From the First Generation Meteorological Satellite to the Second Generation

After 30 years of development, China's meteorological satellites have been commercialized and serialized, taking the lead in realizing the goal of transforming China's application satellites from experimental applications to operational services. However, in the face of achievements, the eyes of China astronauts and meteorologists did not stop there.

With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the 1 instrument loaded on Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite has long been unable to meet the needs of meteorological modernization. Disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change, environmental and ecological protection and other issues urgently need meteorological satellites to provide scientific and technological support for their solution.

Just as the development of Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite is gradually on the right track, the suggestion of developing the second generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in China is put before everyone. "In the 1990s, it was the most difficult time for the development of meteorological satellites. But despite this, everyone is still full of hope. Many people are planning to develop China's second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite while developing Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite. " Yang Jun said.

After eight years of "arduous war of resistance", China astronauts and meteorologists have completed the road that the United States took 40 years to complete. On May 27th, 2008, China's new generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-3A was successfully put into the scheduled orbit. Along with the satellite, there are 1 1 advanced remote sensing instruments and 99 spectral detection channels, five of which have a resolution of 250 meters. On Fengyun-1 A star 30 years ago, there were only/kloc-0 instruments and 5 channels.

In addition to the breakthrough in quantity, Fengyun -3 A pays more attention to the breakthrough in quality. It has achieved four technological breakthroughs in China's meteorological satellites from single remote sensing imaging to comprehensive detection of the earth's environment, from optical remote sensing to microwave remote sensing, from kilometer-level resolution to hundred-level resolution, and from domestic reception to polar reception.

When China's polar-orbiting meteorological satellite entered a brand-new historical stage, the upgrading of the geostationary meteorological satellite was also proceeding in an orderly manner. At present, China's second-generation geostationary meteorological satellite Fengyun-4 has entered the project stage, and the first satellite will be launched around 20 13.

"Meteorological satellite business is the result of several generations of struggle. This road is hard, hard, but effective. We believe that as long as we are United and constantly improve, China's meteorological satellites will be better in the future. " Xu Jianmin, academician of China Academy of Engineering and chief engineer of Fengyun-2 ground application system, said.

From stumbling to learning Tao to a model of integration of heaven and earth

As one of the five major systems of satellite engineering, ground application system is a solid guarantee for giving full play to the benefits of satellite application. "In order to give full play to the role of satellites, the development of ground application systems is required to be slightly ahead of the development of satellites." Niu Yusheng said. With the development of satellites, the construction of China's meteorological satellite ground response system is also advancing: ground receiving stations are from scratch, from three to five, from home to abroad; Ground application system is from scratch, from one system to multiple systems in parallel.

"Fengyun satellite ground application system technology content and workload as much as or even more than the satellite itself. It is not only the best system in China, but also advanced in the world. " Kuang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, said.

Looking back on the 30 years that satellite meteorologists have gone through, what impressed Xu Jianmin most was not dazzling achievements, but unimaginable difficulties. He repeatedly described his current mood as "too uncertain, and now in retrospect, I feel very scared". He said: "Researchers have suffered from complaints and pressures from all sides. We can only start from the basics bit by bit and solve the problem step by step. "

At present, Fengyun satellite ground application system successfully solves the problems of real-time acquisition and real-time remote transmission of massive and high-speed meteorological satellite data, breaks through key technologies such as satellite data receiving and processing, product processing, archiving, distribution and application, overcomes the technical complexity and compatibility problems brought by domestic and foreign multi-satellite service receiving and processing, and realizes the stable and reliable operation of the system, with an annual success rate of 99.5%.

In particular, the high-precision image positioning technology in FY-2 ground application system has solved the "fatal" problem of China's space industry, which has been praised by Dr. Mike Griffin, director of NASA, and recognized by international experts as reaching the international advanced level.

The development mode of Fengyun series meteorological satellites' satellite-ground integration has also been praised as "a model of the integration of heaven and earth and a model of the ground application system" by China aerospace industry.

From being unable to cope to having a plan in mind

Raccoon, Phoenix, Senlake, Hagupit, Rose ... The number of typhoons that landed in China in 2008 was more than that in the same period of normal years, and the intensity of typhoon landing was stronger. However, due to the accurate forecast and proper defensive measures, the casualties and economic losses caused by typhoons are lighter than those in the same period since 2000. Among them, it can be said that it is indispensable for meteorological satellites to keep close watch at all times, track typhoon movements and provide forecasters with the latest satellite cloud pictures in time.

However, my thoughts have returned to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Typhoon, drought, strong cold wave and natural disasters have set obstacles for the development of new China. Especially 1968, typhoons frequently hit the eastern coast of China, causing heavy losses. "At that time, because the meteorological department still lacked typhoon monitoring means, especially for the moving path and intensity of typhoons, it was impossible to make accurate judgments." Many old comrades recalled.

The Fengyun meteorological satellite, which shoulders the heavy responsibility, has not let people down. From June 5th to1October 5th, 2005, 92 typhoons affecting the Pacific Ocean or landing in Chinese mainland were detected by China Fengyun series satellites.

In recent years, meteorological satellites have been widely used in disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change, Olympic meteorological service guarantee and space environment monitoring and forecasting, and have made remarkable achievements.

Data and products of Fengyun Satellite can be found in meteorological services of disastrous weather, such as the catastrophic flood disaster in Huaihe River in 2003, the catastrophic forest fire in Daxing 'anling in 2006, the catastrophic sandstorm in Beijing in 2006, the freezing rain and snow in early 2008, and the fog that hits most parts of China in early winter every year. Meteorological satellite data have been widely used to monitor the summer monsoon, drought and snow in China, and to analyze the changing trend of global ozone and sea ice.

Fengyun series satellites played an important role in the meteorological service of the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games. While closely monitoring strong convective weather such as typhoon and rainstorm, meteorological satellites actively provide scientific data for the monitoring of thermal environment, atmospheric aerosol and ozone in Beijing, and provide the daily distribution map of Enteromorpha in Qingdao Olympic Sailing Competition.

Meteorological satellite data and products not only serve modern meteorological services, but also actively serve military, hydrological, marine, agriculture, forestry, civil aviation, transportation, electric power and other departments. According to statistics, more than 2,500 users have received and used Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite data and products.

From relying on foreign materials to providing materials for foreign counterparts.

With the successful launch and operation of China geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellites, Fengyun-1 C and D, Fengyun-2 C and D and Fengyun-3 A have all been included in the global operational meteorological satellite sequence by the World Meteorological Organization. China meteorological satellite is playing an increasingly important role in the world, and a large number of international users directly receive or use Fengyun meteorological satellite data from China.

"Especially after the successful launch of Fengyun No.3 A star, we seem to have become a' fragrant cake'. Many meteorological departments in developed countries have contacted us actively, hoping to enjoy the information of Fengyun No.3 A star." Yang Jun said proudly.

In just 30 years, under the care and attention of the CPC Central Committee and the leadership of the State Council, China has become one of the few countries with both polar-orbiting and geostationary meteorological satellites, and has played an important role in the Earth Observation Organization (GEO).

1In May 1993, China Meteorological Bureau provided a set of polar-orbiting meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system to North Korea, which was the first set of meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system exported by China to foreign countries. In order to strengthen satellite data sharing, China successfully developed Fengyun satellite receiving system, and in 2006 and 2007, it presented receiving equipment to 7 countries in the Asia-Pacific region/KLOC-0, which made Fengyun satellite data more widely used in the world. At the same time, Australia, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, North Korea, Iran, Oman, New Zealand and other countries, as well as China, Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, have also received and utilized Fengyun-2 satellite data to varying degrees.