Introduction of Singapore, a country

Singapore, formerly known as the Republic of Singapore, or Singapore, Sin Chew or Sing Tao, or Lion City, is an island country in Southeast Asia with a parliamentary political system. Singapore is adjacent to Malaysia across the Johor Strait in the north, Indonesia across the Singapore Strait in the south, and the southern mouth of the Straits of Malacca. In addition to Singapore Island, its territory also includes several surrounding islands.

/kloc-In the 4th century, Singapore belonged to the Sultanate of Malacca established by Berimura. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, it was occupied by Britain as a colony. Singapore was occupied by the invading Japanese army. 1965, Singapore became independent. Singapore is a multicultural immigrant country, and promoting racial harmony is the core policy of the government. Singapore, known for its stable political situation and clean and efficient government, is one of the most international countries in the world.

Singapore is a developed country in Asia, known as one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia", and its economic model is called "state capitalism". According to the ranking report of Global Financial Center Index (GFCI) in 20 14, Singapore is the third largest international financial center after new york and London, and also one of the important service and shipping centers in Asia. Singapore is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Commonwealth and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

Secondly, introduce Singapore by points.

(1) Geographical environment

1, location

Singapore is located at 1 18' north latitude and 103 5 1' east longitude, adjacent to the south entrance of Malacca Strait, adjacent to Malaysia across the narrow Johor Strait in the north, and connected to the Second Strait by a new flexible causeway in the north and west. Crossing the Singapore Strait to the south, there are ferries connecting Indonesia's islands, such as Tanbin Island and Batam Island. Singapore has a land area of 7 18.3 square kilometers and a coastline of more than 200 kilometers. The whole country consists of more than 60 islands, including Singapore Island, St. John Island, Kameyama Island, Sentosa Island, Sister Island and Jiong Island. The three largest outer islands are Jurong Island, Dekong Island and Ubin Island. With the reclamation project forming a new land area, it will increase 100 square kilometers of land. The standard time in Singapore is UTC+8, which is 1 hour faster than its geographical location.

Step 2: zone

The topography of Singapore is gentle and undulating. Its western and central regions are composed of hills, and most of them are covered by forests. The eastern and coastal areas are plains. The highest geographical point is Bukit Tima, with an altitude of163m.

3. Hydrology

Due to the limitation of topography, the rivers in Singapore are quite short. There are 32 major rivers on the island, including the Konglong River, the Bango River and the Shilonggang River. The longest river is the Jialeng River. Most rivers have been transformed into reservoirs to provide drinking water for residents.

4. Climate

Singapore Jinsha Art Museum has a special lotus style. Singapore is located in the tropics, controlled by the equatorial low-pressure zone for many years, with a rainy climate at the equator and small annual and daily temperature differences. The average temperature is between 23 and 34℃, the average annual rainfall is about 2400 mm, and the humidity is between 65% and 90%. The rainy season is from June 1 1 to March of the following year, and the weather is unstable due to the humid northeast monsoon. There are usually thunderstorms in the afternoon, and the average low temperature hovers at 24-25℃. From June to September, the southwest wind is the driest. In the months with alternating monsoon, that is, from April to May, 10 to10, the ground wind is weak and changeable, the sun is hot, and the highest temperature on the island can reach 35℃.

(2) Natural resources

1, water resources

There are 17 reservoirs in Singapore to store fresh water for citizens. Among them, the central basin nature reserve covers an area of about 3000 hectares. There are mainly four reservoirs in this area, such as Merritch Reservoir and the lower section of Bayas Reservoir. Besides collecting rainwater, its land plays an important "green lung" function in the city. In order to reduce the dependence on external water sources, Singapore has made its water supply more diversified through large-scale water storage plans and technologies such as seawater desalination and recycling, and gradually moved towards the goal of self-sufficiency in water supply. With the completion of the largest Daquan seawater desalination plant, it can now provide more than 60% of the water demand.

2. Forest resources

About 23% of Singapore's land belongs to forests or nature reserves, and urbanization limits the area of rainforest. Forests are mainly distributed in Ma Zhi Nature Reserve, three protected areas, the western region and offshore islands.

(3) Administrative divisions

Singapore 20 15 constituency map Singapore is a city country, so there is no division between provinces and cities. Instead, the country is divided into five communities (administrative regions) in a way that conforms to urban planning. They are: Central Community (6.5438+0.2 million), Northeast Community (6.5438+0.3 million), Northwest Community (830,000), Southeast Community (840,000) and Southwest Community (830,000), which are managed by corresponding community development councils (hereinafter referred to as social councils). On the occasion of the Singapore 17 parliamentary election, these five HKCSS were re-divided into 89 constituencies, including 13 single constituency and 16 concentrated constituency.

1) Single constituency: Hougang, Xianfeng, Yuhua, Fengjiabai, Mongbaden, Shenggangxi, Bangodong, Bukit Banjean, Dongpo Brazil, Latin Mars, Fengshan, Bukit Ba Du and Maiboshen.

2) Selection areas: Yishun, Jurong, Sambawang, Caicuo Port, East Coast, West Coast, Ayuni, Hongmaoqiao, Tambini, Malin Bailie, Tanjung Bagh, Bishan-Dabayao, Netherlands-Bukit Tima, Baisha-Bango Goose, Momian-Jialeng, Maxiling-Youchi.

(4) Population groups

1, population

During the Spring Festival in Chinatown, there are dragon and lion dances and stilts. By the end of 2065438+June 2004, the total temporary resident population in Singapore was 5.47 million, including 3.34 million Singaporean citizens, referred to as "permanent residents" for short, 530,000. The number of foreigners living in the lion city is quite large, about 6.5438+0.6 million. Singaporeans are mainly composed of immigrants and their descendants who immigrated from Europe and Asia in the past century. The characteristics of its immigrant society and the influence of colonial history and geographical location make Singapore present multicultural social characteristics.

2. Ethnic groups

Singapore citizens are mainly divided into four ethnic groups: Chinese (Han nationality) accounts for 74.2% of the population, as well as Malays (13.3%), Indians (9. 1%) and European Asians/hybrids (3.4%). The ancestors of most Chinese Singaporeans originated in southern China, especially in Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan provinces, of which 40% came from southern Fujian, followed by Chaoshan people, Guangfu people, Puxian people (Putian people), Hainanese, Fuzhou people, Hakkas and Chan and Nyangra. The population density of Singapore is 76 15 people /km2, and the human development index is 0.90 1.

(5) National symbol

1, national symbol

Singapore is a city-state, which originally meant lion city. /kloc-In the 4th century, the prince of the "Death Kingdom of Sri Lanka" in Sumatra went to the island by boat and saw a strange animal on the shore. The local people told him that it was a lion. He thought it was a good sign and decided to build this place. Singapore's "Singapura" is a homonym of the Sanskrit "Lion City", and early residents like to use Sanskrit as a place name. The lion is brave and vigorous, so it is natural to use it as a place name. In the past, Singapore used "Singapore" as its common Chinese name in the early days of independence. Due to the influence of dialect habits brought by local overseas Chinese, many derived names appeared in the early days, such as "Silla", "Shige" and "Gaigang", and others were called "Xingzhou" and "Sing Tao" because of their small scale. Singapore is also widely described as a "country of stars" or a "lion city".

2. National flag

Singapore's national flag, also known as the Star Moon Flag, officially became the national flags of Singapore * * * and China on August 9, 1965. 1959, Singapore established an autonomous government under the rule of the British Empire, and the star and moon flag later became the official flag of the autonomous government. 1965 Singapore was chosen as the national flag after its independence. Singapore's national flag consists of two parallel and equal rectangles, red and white. The aspect ratio is 3: 2. There is a white crescent moon and five white five-pointed stars in the upper left corner. Red represents equality and friendship, while white symbolizes purity and virtue. The new moon indicates that Singapore is a newly established country, and the five five-pointed stars represent the five ideals of the country: democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.

3. National emblem

The national emblem of Singapore consists of coat of arms, lions and tigers. The red shield is inlaid with a white crescent moon and a five-pointed star, which has the same meaning as the national flag. On the left of the Red Shield is a lion, which is a symbol of Singapore, and Malay means "Lion City". On the right is a tiger, which symbolizes the historical ties between Singapore and Malaysia. Below the red shield are golden palm branches and leaves, and the blue ribbon at the bottom says "Go ahead, Singapore!" " In Malay.

4. National Day

Singapore declared its independence on August 9, 1965.

5. National anthem

The original text is Majulah Singapura in Malay, and the Chinese translation is Go Forward, Singapore.

6. National flower

Hu Jihua, named Jin Zhuo Bandailan, is the national flower. Southeast Asia generally calls orchids Hu Jihua. It was cultivated by Ms. Ennis Jin Zhuo. Flowers are beautiful and dignified, full of vitality, symbolizing the temperament of Singaporeans and the spirit of hard work and brave struggle.

7. National letters and agreements

The national commitment letter is a way for Singaporean citizens to swear allegiance to Singapore. Singaporeans generally read letters together in public activities, especially in schools, Singapore Armed Forces and National Day celebrations. The Chinese content of the letter reads: "We are citizens of Singapore, regardless of race, language and religion. We pledge to unite to build a fair and equal democratic society and work together for the happiness, prosperity and progress of our country."

(6) Economic introduction

Singapore is a foreign trade-driven economy, with electronics, petrochemicals, finance, shipping and service industries as the mainstay, and highly dependent on the United States, Japan, Europe and surrounding markets. The total foreign trade is four times the gross domestic product. The economy has been growing at a high speed for a long time, from 1960 to 1984, with an average annual GDP growth of 9%. 1997 was hit by the Asian financial crisis, but it was not serious. Affected by the 200 1 global economic slowdown, the economy experienced a negative growth of 2% and fell into the worst recession since independence. In order to stimulate economic development, the government proposed "building a new Singapore", striving to transform into a knowledge-based economy, and set up an economic system reform committee to comprehensively review economic development policies and actively negotiate and sign free trade agreements with major economies in the world. According to the ranking report of Global Financial Center Index (GFCI) in 20 14, Singapore is the third largest international financial center in the world.