Planting techniques of melon seeds in Bameng

1. Climatic conditions: frost-free period is more than 11 days, accumulated temperature is above 23℃, and I like high temperature and little rain, but it is not suitable for rainy and foggy days in summer, which will affect the fruit setting rate and the later growth.

2. Soil conditions: sandy loam, loam and acid black loess can be cultivated. White melon seeds have strong drought resistance and are afraid of waterlogging, so soil with high terrain, good drainage and permeability should be chosen.

Second, the selection of previous crops

1.

White melon seeds are an efficient economic crop, and land selection is the key. It is necessary to rotate crops reasonably, and the previous crops should be Gramineae, such as wheat stubble and corn stubble. Bean stubble is also ok. The rotation cycle is 3 to 5 years, and it cannot be rotated with solanaceae crops. It should also be noted that when selecting land, you should choose the land that has not been applied with long-term residual pesticides such as Pusht and soybean sulfuron-methyl in the previous year. For plots sprayed with fenoxaprop, as long as it is not more than two kilograms per hectare.

interval schedule for planting white melon seeds after applying pesticide with long residues

pesticide name: putrescine, nicosulfuron

content: 5%4%4%

commodity consumption (kg/ha): 1.52.51.5

interval time (month): 42418

pesticide name: chlorimuron. 2g 75g 1

interval (month) 36269

pesticide name fomesafen-methyl-chlorsulfuron

content 25%75%8%

commodity consumption (kg/ha) 1.51g 2

interval (month) 182424

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residual toxicity of chlorimuron-methyl: young roots become shorter and thicker, cotyledons and true leaves become smaller, and plants shrink. When severely damaged, leaves turn yellow, brown and die, and plant growth stagnates or dies

IV. Requirements for soil preparation

White melon seeds have strict requirements for soil preparation, which are higher than those of soybeans, corn and wheat we planted, so soil preparation should be done in the autumn of last year. Raking requires 17-19 cm. The soil should be fine and loose, and the ground should be flat, clear, broken and fine. It is best to ridge in autumn, or ridge with top pulp in the next year. The ridge spacing can be 65 cm, so that the ridge can be flat, straight and even.

V. Seed selection

White melon seeds are an efficient economic crop, and the seed selection should be strictly controlled. Once the seeds have problems, it will determine the most important factor of our economic benefits this year. Whether it is high yield or not, increasing production and increasing efficiency is the first way. We should choose excellent varieties with high yield, good quality and strong disease resistance, with more female flowers and high fruit setting rate.

VI. Seed selection before sowing

First of all, the seeds should be carefully selected. Before sowing, the seeds should be cleaned to remove shriveled seeds and deformed seeds. The seed quality standards are: the purity is greater than 99%, the moisture is less than 9%, the single-seed transverse diameter of white melon seeds is 12-12.5 mm, and the germination rate is more than 85%. Only 2 kg of seeds should be prepared per mu. Before sowing, the seeds must be exposed to the sun for 2-2 days. Urge the seeds to germinate quickly, so it is not suitable to powder seeds when sowing in the ground, because the soil is humid and low temperature when sowing in spring, and the seeds lie dormant underground for a long time, which leads to powder seeds. If conditions permit, it is best to mix seed coating agent, which can prevent diseases, insects and rats. However, it is not suitable to sow seeds when sowing, so it is necessary to equip a special person to knock on the seed conveying pipe to sow the seeds in the ground as required.

VII-VIII. Selection of Precision Seeder and Preparation of Fertilizer

Air-suction precision seeder or air-blowing precision seeder can be used conditionally, and our soybean precision seeder can also be used, but the seeder must be replaced with a special tray for sowing white melon seeds, so that the row spacing of its seeds is 65 cm, the spacing between plants is about 75 cm, and the number of seedlings per hectare is 2,.

Preparation of fertilizer

Apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, because melons like phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. When sowing, apply 2 kg of phosphorus fertilizer per mu, 1 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu, 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and 14 kg of topdressing per mu at the later stage of nitrogen fertilizer.

IX. Sowing time

Sowing can be done on May 1th, and not later than May 2th at the latest. Sowing can be done in advance according to the appropriate climate, and the sowing depth should be 3 to 5cm. Never sow deeply, because white melon seeds have poor soil-arching ability, which will be suppressed after sowing. At the same time, double-layer fertilization should be carried out, and the plant spacing should be adjusted according to the requirements, and it is not easy to sow at a uniform speed.

X. Field management

1. Soil treatment can be used, and thiophanate-sulfuron can be added to Jinduer.

2. Spacing and fixing the seedlings. After emergence, when the first real leaf is released, the seedlings can be fixed, and the seedlings should be fixed sooner rather than later. Keep the healthy melon seedlings when fixing the seedlings. Eliminate diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and seedlings with no growth point, poor cotyledon development or yellowing leaves. When fixing seedlings, shovel them off with a hoe instead of pulling them up from the roots by hand, which will damage the root system of the reserved seedlings and affect the growth of strong seedlings. Keep a robust seedling in each hole. Spacing and fixing seedlings can be carried out at the same time as weeding. Generally, two seedlings are manually used per hectare, and the ground should be shoveled twice for those with large weed base.

3. intertillage and weed control: the first intertillage operation can be carried out after the emergence of white melon seeds, and the depth is more than 2 cm, so as to increase the temperature and cool down, store water and conserve moisture and weed control. Before closing the ridge, intertillage twice, the first time weeding and transporting the land, and the second time closing the ridge with a shovel. If the number of weeds in the field is large, pull up the weeds.

4. Insect control, disease prevention and foliar fertilizer spraying, melons have staged diseases in the growth process:

damping-off disease: symptoms

onset of seedling stage, yellowing of cotyledons, wilting of seedlings, browning of stems, but no water-soaked cork spots. With the development of the disease, the stem base becomes light brown, and sometimes brown cracks appear. In severe cases, the true leaves wilted, and when the humidity was high, the wilted parts produced a gray velveteen layer, the stems rotted and the plants died.

Fusarium wilt: Symptoms

It can occur from seedling stage, vine stretching stage to fruiting stage, with flowering and fruit setting stage as the peak, and the disease tends to be stable when the fruit begins to mature. Its typical symptom is wilting. The seedlings are diseased, the cotyledons wilt or the whole plant withers, showing a sudden fall. After flowering and fruiting, the diseased plant leaves wilted gradually, which seemed to be short of water, especially at noon, and recovered in the morning and evening. After a few days, the whole plant leaves were brown and rotted, slightly shrunk, the stem base was longitudinally split, and amber glue sometimes overflowed at the crack. In humid environment, white and pink molds, i.e. conidia, are often produced on the surface of diseased parts.

Powdery Mildew: Pumpkins can be damaged by powdery mildew from seedling stage to harvest stage, and leaves are the most seriously damaged. Occasionally, it also harms petioles and stems. When the leaves are damaged, white near-round star-shaped powder spots appear on the leaves or back at first, mostly on the leaves. After that, it expands into a contiguous white powder with inconspicuous edges. In severe cases, the whole leaf is covered with white powder, and the diseased leaves are yellow and brittle. In autumn, black spots can also be produced on the diseased leaves, which is the closed capsule shell of pathogenic bacteria.

For the prevention of diseases in advance, the main drugs are thiophanate methyl and carbendazim, which are sprayed together with foliar fertilizer, and the potassium dihydrogen, etc. are mainly used, which are sprayed before the fruiting stage, fruit setting stage, fruit swelling stage or rainy season, but cannot be sprayed in the later stage. It is best to use aerial chemical operation to ensure the normal growth of crops.

5. Bees pollinate. White melon seeds are insect-borne flowers and need insects to pollinate them. For example, if there are beekeepers in the 3 km of Fiona Fang, you don't have to worry about pollination. If there are no beekeepers, you should specially attract bees to the fields to ensure the fruit setting rate.

6. Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. Originally, we didn't dare topdressing nitrogen fertilizer when planting white melon seeds, for fear of not keeping flowers, fruits and rotten melons in the later period. Through the experience of these years, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is better than not topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, so we used a precision seeder to remove 14 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu from the seeder at the last time of ridge closure. It is best to apply nitrogen fertilizer twice, and apply it twice in 14 kg per mu at the stage of agglomeration and fruit expansion.

Xi. Harvest

1. The harvest period begins in early September. When there are many small tumor-like protrusions that can't be pinched into the melon skin with your nails, you can harvest them.

2. Melon-beating method: shovel off the vines with a shovel, and it is best to keep the handles of the melons and throw them on one trip, which is convenient for the later seed-beating operation, and the melons will be trapped for about 1 days, so that the melons will be full, the capacity will be increased and the yield will be increased.

3. harvesting method: use a white melon seed separator made in Yilan to remove seeds, and feed the melons into the machine with a four-foot fork. Remember to be optimistic about the weather forecast when sowing seeds, and it is best to have sunny weather after sowing, which is convenient for drying.

12. Drying

1. Using the screen window drying method, you have to put up a shelf, so that the dried melon seeds are of good quality.

2. Use the tarpaulin drying method, so that the tarpaulin should be cleaned before drying to avoid dirty boards. If it is not suitable to dry on the tarpaulin, don't turn over the melon seeds for two days in fine weather, and then turn over the melon seeds with a multi-foot rake made of wood to avoid skateboarding. Be sure to avoid freezing the board when drying.

3, the standard of drying, drying is very important, the moisture is less than 9%, there is no dirty board, no skateboard, no frozen board, no shrinkage, and the impurity is less than .4%. In this way, you can sell at a good price, but you must avoid freezing plates. Buyers are very taboo about freezing plates, and the price gap is very large.

XIII. Treatment of straw

After the melon vines are dried, use a four-wheeled cart to loosen the stalks, and fish the seedlings of white melon seeds to the field. After the fire prevention period, they will be burned clean, so as not to affect the next year's farming, or if time permits, after the seedlings are dried, directly use the joint soil preparation for one operation, but this must be optimistic about the weather, so that straw can be achieved. (China Organic Agriculture Network)