Conditions for raising free-range chickens

The main consideration of free-range chicken breeding is whether there is a good free-range environment, whether the variety is suitable and whether it has management ability.

1. Environment selection: Choose quiet mountain areas far away from village residential areas, slaughterhouses, schools, chemical plants, other farms, industrial and mining areas and main roads. It is best to plant shrubs, tea trees, pine trees, bamboo, fruit trees and so on. The slope is 3-40 degrees (the elevation angle between the slope and the horizontal plane), and the hilly and mountainous areas are better. There are clean wells or springs nearby. Choose the flat land with the lee facing the sun. Sandy loam is suitable, with smooth drainage, fast water seepage and dry terrain. Build a wall with hollow bricks, cover the roof, wood or bamboo with cement tiles, and build a henhouse facing south and east. The height of the house is about 2m, the roof is 3m, the length is 50m, and the span is 5 5- 10/0m, which is about 500m2. Can raise 3000-4000 chickens, facing south, leaving French windows, two meters. There are 2000-4000 birds in each flock. Even if you have spare funds, you can rearrange the second branch in a kilometer or so. It is appropriate to raise 100-500 per mu in mountainous areas. Young birds can be kept in simple houses at the foot of the mountain and put in the forest. After the first three days, the chickens are kept in captivity, and there is no fence. The chickens naturally know how to go home. The henhouse is used to let chickens rest, lay eggs and shelter from the wind and rain. Every field must adopt "all-in and all-out system" to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Second, variety selection: native chicken is also called grass chicken, chai chicken, native chicken and so on. There are many kinds of native chickens, which were selected by our ancestors for a long time. Now they have different body shapes, coat colors and egg laying performance in different regions. The varieties introduced here are: Anhui Xuanzhou Yellow Chicken, Suyang Yellow Chicken, Zhejiang Xianju Chicken, Beijing Oil Chicken, Yunnan Camellia Chicken, Ma Qing Original Chicken, Gushi Chicken, Emei Black Chicken, Xiaoshan Chicken, Shouguang Chicken, Taoyuan Chicken, Hejiang Chicken and so on. Some are egg-shaped and some are meat-shaped, and most of them weigh between 2 and 4 kilograms. The spawning amount in 500 days is about 120- 180. The ratio of male to female should be 1: 8- 10. It's best to choose your own native chicken, because consuming resources is definitely a local habit, and native chicken is more suitable for the local climate and environment.

Third, feeding management. Miao chicken: when the shell is selected correctly, the normal incubation period is generally 20 and a half days to 265,438+0 days. Chickens are loud, eye-catching, struggling, shiny and moist, without deformity. Ding navel chicken, dehydrated chicken and cotton chicken can not be selected, dehydrated chicken can not be raised, and the mortality rate is high. Chickens affected by cold are difficult to raise, become stiff and easily get sick. It is very important to pay attention to vaccination within 24 hours after hatching. I have seen adult chickens that have not been vaccinated with Marek's vaccine wiped out. Arrive at the scene within 24 hours from the shell. The new chicken should rest in a heated room for three hours, drink water first, and then start eating. Drinking temperature is 20℃, preferably cold water, and feeding with vacuum kettle. Then sprinkle the feed on the cardboard and teach them to eat. Feed can be mixed with small particles. The management of native chickens before 4 weeks old is the same as that of broilers or laying hens. Choose a better house to hatch eggs. The brooding room can be raised three-dimensionally or horizontally, with 25-40 chickens per square meter. The temperature was 32-36℃ in the first three days, then decreased by 2-3℃ every week, and finally decreased to about 18℃, and cooled down when it reached the natural temperature. Thermal insulation can be earthworm type, electric brooding umbrella, coal stove, steam boiler, etc. And it is best to distribute the chicks evenly, don't get together and stay away from heat sources; When the humidity is 60-70%, it is easy to peck feathers and anus when the humidity is lower than 50%. You can spray hot water on the wall to increase humidity. Excessive humidity can easily cause respiratory diseases or enteritis in chickens. In the first week, the light lasts for 24 hours, and the light is turned on at night, 2-4W per square meter, and then it decreases by 1 hour every day, and finally it is consistent with natural light. Disease prevention: inoculate Marek's vaccine within 24 hours of hatching, drink water with antibiotics three days before brooding, and supplement multivitamins. Newcastle disease vaccine and transmissible vaccine should be given on the 7th day, H5 and H9 vaccines of avian influenza should be given on 10 day, bursal vaccine should be given on 14 day, bursal vaccine should be given on 2/kloc-0 day, and a new vaccine should be given on the 28th day. Bird flu vaccine, Xincheng vaccine and egg drop syndrome vaccine should be given before laying eggs. At this time, it is best to use oil seedlings, which have long protection period and high antibody level. Note that disinfection drugs should not be added to drinking water for three days before and after inoculation of all seedlings, and the body temperature increased by 65438 0℃ after inoculation. It is suggested that the temperature at night is one degree higher than that during the day. Large-scale farming is not very reliable for hens to hatch and brood, and the temperature will drop sooner or later, depending on the seasonality. Observe the feces and water consumption of chickens every day. If there is abnormal gathering, barking, abnormal stool, mental fatigue, sudden decrease in food intake, etc. Please consult the veterinarian in time. When the weight reaches half a catty to one catty, you can leave the brooding room and put it in the henhouse on the mountain, and close it for three days first, or form the habit of closing it late and releasing it early and gradually stocking it. In order to make chicks get into the habit of foraging in the mountains as soon as possible, we should conduct guiding training every morning, establish conditioned reflex by whistling or tapping the same sound, and throw pellet feed in a fixed place or feed it in a bucket, which is clean and material-saving. The breeder should control the range of activities of the chickens in time until the evening, and then carry out family training in the same way. It is very important to watch the weather forecast at any time when raising chickens in mountainous areas or plains. It will rain or wind that day. If you don't bring the chickens back in time, they will die in the rain in the wild and be drowned by heavy rain. I have seen it with my own eyes. Usually, we should pay attention to wild animals hurting chickens, especially snakes, weasels and eagles. After stocking for a few days, a certain amount of vitamin C or vitamin B complex can be added to feed or drinking water. In the case of excessive stress, corn or wheat can be added to the supplementary feed. And feed a small amount of full-price feed or supplementary grain in the morning and evening, and don't feed it at noon, let it eat freely; At ordinary times, you can also breed maggots, silkworm chrysalis and other insects to supplement protein, and try not to feed the chickens with non-nutritive additives such as pigments and mildew inhibitors. Antibiotics and anthelmintics shall not be used 14 days before sale.

Chickens can be sold after they have been raised for three months. After that, it grows slowly, consumes a lot of materials, is aggressive and is easy to hurt chickens. Chickens can be eliminated and sold when they reach the age of 100, and good hens can be kept for breeding. When catching chickens, it is generally best to turn off the lights at night and wrap the chickens in a net bag with a flashlight so as not to scare other chickens. When the hair of the breeder is bright red, it indicates sexual maturity. We should build a chicken nest in the shed to lay eggs. The chicken nest can be made of bamboo frame or wooden box with some straw in the middle, which is as big as two chickens. First, put one or two eggs in the nest, and there should be enough nests when laying eggs, otherwise some chickens will go outside to lay wild eggs because they can't squeeze into the nest. Eggs laid in the wild should be retrieved immediately. Generally, the most eggs are laid in the morning. At the same time, a variety of vitamins should be added to feed to improve minerals such as protein, calcium and phosphorus. The eggs of the day must be packed in time. Choose 45-55g/ egg as seed egg and put it in the shade. They must hatch within three days, and the rest of the eggs are sold as commercial eggs. Some non-laying hens can be selectively eliminated from the late peak period of laying, and each one can make a profit 15-20 yuan.